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Chidule cha Dziko
Ndalama Yadziko
Mtengo wosinthitsira
Tchuthi Zofunika
Mkhalidwe Wamalonda Akunja
Kukula Kwa Msika
Zogulitsa zotentha pamsika
Makhalidwe a kasitomala ndi zonyansa
Customs Management System
Mfundo zamisonkho zochokera kunja
Mfundo zamisonkho zotumiza kunja
Zitsimikizo zofunika kutumiza kunja
Analimbikitsa mayendedwe
Njira zopangira ogula

Spain, yomwe imadziwika kuti Kingdom of Spain, ndi dziko lomwe lili kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Europe. Amadutsa Portugal kumadzulo ndi France kumpoto chakum'mawa. Spain imagawananso malire ndi Andorra ndi Gibraltar. Ndi dera la pafupifupi 505,990 masikweya kilomita, Spain ndi dziko lachinayi lalikulu ku Europe. Ili ndi malo osiyanasiyana omwe amaphatikizapo mapiri monga Pyrenees ndi Sierra Nevada, komanso magombe okongola omwe ali m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean ndi Atlantic Ocean. Dzikoli lilinso ndi zilumba zosiyanasiyana monga zilumba za Balearic ku Mediterranean ndi Canary Islands kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa. Spain ili ndi anthu pafupifupi 47 miliyoni pomwe Madrid ndi likulu lawo. Chilankhulo chovomerezeka ndi Chisipanishi, ngakhale zilankhulo zingapo zachigawo monga Catalan, Galician, Basque zimalankhulidwanso ndi zigawo zazikulu za zigawo zawo. Dziko la Spain limadziwika ndi mbiri yakale komanso chikhalidwe chake. Unali umodzi mwa mayiko amphamvu kwambiri m'mbiri yapadziko lonse lapansi munthawi yake yofufuza komanso kutsagana ndi atsamunda kuyambira zaka mazana angapo zapitazo zomwe zidasiya chikoka m'maiko ambiri padziko lonse lapansi kuphatikiza ku South America kudzera mukusinthana kwa chikhalidwe monga kufalikira kwa chilankhulo kapena kamangidwe kamangidwe. Chuma cha Spain chili m'modzi mwa mamembala akulu kwambiri ku European Union (EU) omwe ali ndi magawo ngati zokopa alendo omwe amasewera gawo lofunikira ndikutsatiridwa ndi mafakitale opanga monga kupanga magalimoto kapena mafakitale a nsalu, koma idakumana ndi zovuta pambuyo pavuto lazachuma padziko lonse lapansi (2008-2009). Posachedwa idawonetsa kukula kokhazikika kwa pre-covid chifukwa cha zoyesayesa zosiyanasiyana m'magawo onse kuphatikiza mphamvu zongowonjezera zomwe zayamba posachedwapa. Dziko la Spain lili ndi miyambo yosiyanasiyana m'madera ake onse koma limagawana zikhalidwe zodziwika bwino monga kuyamikira mitundu yovina ya nyimbo za flamenco kapena zakudya zodziwika bwino kuphatikiza tapas. Zikondwerero zachikhalidwe zimakhalanso zolimba pamakalendala; Chikondwerero cha La Tomatina pomwe anthu amaponyera tomato pa Ogasiti iliyonse ndi yotchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Ponseponse, dziko la Spain limadziwonetsera lokha ndi chikhalidwe chowoneka bwino, malo owoneka bwino komanso mbiri yakale yomwe idapangidwa kwazaka zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala malo ochititsa chidwi kwa alendo pomwe amathandizira kwambiri pazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana.

Ndalama yaku Spain ndi Yuro (€), yomwe ndi ndalama yovomerezeka m'maiko ambiri omwe ali membala wa European Union. Dziko la Spain lidatengera Yuro ngati ndalama ya dzikolo pa Januware 1, 2002, m'malo mwa Spanish Peseta. Pokhala mbali ya Eurozone, dziko la Spain limagwiritsa ntchito ma Euro pazochitika zake zonse zachuma, kuphatikizapo kugula katundu ndi ntchito, kulipira ngongole, ndi kuchotsa ndalama ku ATM. Euro imagawidwa m'masenti 100. Kusintha kwa ma Euro kwabweretsa maubwino angapo ku chuma cha Spain. Zathetsa kusinthasintha kwa kusinthana kwa ndalama m'maiko a Eurozone ndikupangitsa malonda pakati pa mayiko omwe ali mamembala. Zathandizanso kuyenda kosavuta kwa anthu aku Spain komanso alendo obwera kunja omwe tsopano atha kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama imodzi m'maiko ambiri aku Europe. Mutha kupeza ndalama zamabanki m'zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimafalitsidwa ku Spain: €5, €10, €20, €50, €100*, €200*, ndi €500*. Ndalama za siliva zilipo 1 cent (€0.01), 2 cent (€0.02), 5 cent (€0.05), 10 cent (€0.10), 20 cent (€0.20), 50 cent (€0.50), €1 *, ndi €2*. Banki Yaikulu ya ku Spain ndiyomwe ili ndi udindo wopereka ndikuwongolera kagayidwe ka ma Euro mkati mwa dzikoli kuti mitengo ikhale yokhazikika komanso kuwongolera kukwera kwa mitengo. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mukamayendera kapena kukhala ku Spain ngati mlendo kapena alendo, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi zonse muzinyamula ndalama chifukwa si mabungwe onse omwe amalandila makhadi kapena njira zina zolipirira zamagetsi. Ponseponse, potengera Yuro ngati ndalama yake yovomerezeka kuyambira Januware 2002, dziko la Spain likugwira ntchito limodzi ndi mayiko ambiri aku Europe omwe amathandizira malonda ndikupanga ndalama kuti zitheke kudutsa malire.

Ndalama yovomerezeka yaku Spain ndi Yuro (€). Ponena za kuyerekezeredwa kwa ndalama zazikulu zosinthira ndi Yuro, chonde dziwani kuti mitengoyi imasinthasintha pafupipafupi ndipo imasiyana malinga ndi komwe akuchokera komanso nthawi. Komabe, apa pali zongoyerekeza zamakono (zomwe zingasinthe): 1 Euro (€) pafupifupi: 1.12 Dollar US ($) 0.85 mapaundi a Britain (£) - 126.11 Japan Yen (¥) - 1.17 Swiss Franc (CHF) - 7.45 China Yuan Renminbi (¥) Chonde dziwani kuti manambalawa ndi owonetsa ndipo mwina sangayimire mitengo yeniyeni yosinthira nthawi iliyonse. Kuti mudziwe zaposachedwa komanso zolondola, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muyang'ane ndi bungwe lodalirika lazachuma kapena tsamba losinthira ndalama / pulogalamu.

Spain ndi dziko lolemera mu chikhalidwe ndi mbiri, ndipo limakondwerera maholide ambiri ofunika chaka chonse. Zina mwa zikondwerero zofunika kwambiri ndi izi: 1. Semana Santa (Sabata Loyera): Phwando lachipembedzo limeneli likuchitika m’mizinda yosiyanasiyana ku Spain, ndipo Seville ndi amodzi mwa malo otchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha ziwonetsero zake zambirimbiri. Imakumbukira kuvutika, imfa, ndi kuuka kwa Yesu Khristu. 2. La Tomatina: Unachitika Lachitatu lomaliza la August ku Buñol pafupi ndi Valencia, chikondwerero chapaderachi chimadziwika kuti ndi nkhondo yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse ya tomato. Otenga nawo mbali aponyerana phwetekere kuti akondwerere chochitika chosangalatsachi komanso chosokoneza. 3. Feria de Abril (Chiwonetsero cha April): Chikuchitika ku Seville milungu iwiri pambuyo pa Lamlungu la Pasaka, chochitika cha sabata ino chikuwonetsa chikhalidwe cha Andalusi kudzera mwa ovina a flamenco, mawonedwe omenyana ndi ng'ombe, maulendo a akavalo, nyimbo zachikhalidwe, ndi zokongoletsera zokongola. 4. Fiesta de San Fermín: Chikondwerero chodziwika kwambiri ku Pamplona pakati pa Julayi 6 ndi 14 chaka chilichonse, chikondwererochi chimayamba ndi "Kuthamanga kwa Ng'ombe," pomwe ochita nawo masewera olimba mtima amathamanga m'misewu yopapatiza akuthamangitsidwa ndi ng'ombe. 5. La Falles de València: Kukondwerera kuyambira March 15th mpaka March 19th mumzinda wa Valencia komanso madera ena osiyanasiyana m'chigawo cha Valencia; kumaphatikizapo kuimika ziboliboli zazikulu za papier-mâché zotsatiridwa ndi zowonetsera zozimitsa moto ndi ziwonetsero zisanatenthedwe tsiku lomaliza. 6. Día de la Hispanidad (Tsiku la Puerto Rico): Limakondwerera pa October 12th ku Spain yense kukumbukira kufika kwa Christopher Columbus ku America; zikuphatikizapo ziwonetsero zankhondo ndi zochitika zachikhalidwe zowonetsera cholowa cha Spanish. Izi ndi zitsanzo zochepa chabe za zikondwerero zofunika kwambiri za ku Spain zomwe zimasonyeza miyambo yake yolemera komanso kusiyana kwachikhalidwe m'madera osiyanasiyana a dzikolo.

Spain ndiwotsogola kwambiri pazamalonda apadziko lonse lapansi, omwe amadziwika chifukwa chachuma chake chokonda kugulitsa kunja. Dzikoli limakhalabe ndi malonda abwino, ndipo zogulitsa kunja zimaposa zogulitsa kunja. Nazi zina mwazofunikira kwambiri pazamalonda ku Spain: 1. Zogulitsa Kumayiko Ena: Dziko la Spain lili ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zotumizidwa kunja, kuphatikizapo magalimoto, makina, mankhwala, mankhwala, ndi zinthu zaulimi. Ndi amodzi mwa opanga magalimoto akuluakulu ku Europe ndipo amapanga magalimoto oti azigwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba komanso misika yapadziko lonse lapansi. 2. Ogwirizana Nawo Akuluakulu: Dziko la Spain likuchita malonda ndi mayiko omwe ali mu European Union (EU), makamaka France, Germany, ndi Italy. Kunja kwa EU zone, ili ndi maubwenzi olimba amalonda ndi United States ndi Latin America mayiko monga Mexico. 3. Makampani Oyendetsa Kutumiza Kumayiko Ena: Kupanga magalimoto kumakhalabe gawo lofunikira kwambiri lomwe likuthandizira kutumizidwa kunja kwa Spain. Mafakitale ena odziwika akuphatikiza ukadaulo wamagetsi ongowonjezwdwanso (monga ma turbine amphepo ndi mapanelo adzuwa), zakudya monga mafuta a azitona ndi vinyo wopangidwa kumadera osiyanasiyana ku Spain. 4. Zochokera kunja: Ngakhale kuti dziko la Spain limatumiza kunja kuposa momwe limagulitsira kunja chifukwa cha mphamvu zamafakitale, likudalirabe zinthu zina monga mphamvu zamagetsi (mafuta ndi gasi) kuti zikwaniritse zofuna zake zapakhomo. 5. Trade Surplus: M'zaka zaposachedwa, dziko la Spain lakhala likubweretsa ndalama zambiri pazamalonda chifukwa chochita chidwi ndi kukwezera ndalama zakunja m'magawo osiyanasiyana komanso kugulitsa kwachangu. 6. Intercontinental Trade: Pokhala ndi maubwenzi akale ku Latin America kudzera mu chikhalidwe cha atsamunda kapena kulumikizana kwa zilankhulo (mayiko olankhula Chisipanishi), makampani achisipanishi afutukula kupezeka kwawo kumeneko poikapo ndalama muzomangamanga kapena kupereka ntchito zamaluso. 7.Trade Relationships mkati mwa EU: Kukhala membala wokangalika wa European Union kuyambira 1986 kumalola mabizinesi aku Spain kupeza mosavuta mayiko ena omwe ali membala popanda kukumana ndi zopinga zazikulu pogulitsa katundu kapena ntchito. 8.Growing Services Sector Exports:Ngakhale kuti kale amadziwika ndi katundu wogwirika wotumizidwa kunja; Panopa mabizinesi akulunjika ku kulimbikitsa gawo la ntchito zaukadaulo zomwe zikuphatikizanso magulu otukuka a IT omwe amapereka mapulogalamu ku Europe kapena makampani otsatsa digito omwe akulunjika makasitomala ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana. Kuchuluka kwa mafakitale ku Spain, malo ake, komanso umembala wake mu EU zapangitsa kuti dziko la Spain likhale lothandizira kwambiri pamalonda apadziko lonse lapansi. Chuma chomwe chimayang'ana kwambiri kumayiko ena komanso zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimalola kuti pakhale ubale wolimba wamalonda ndi mayiko aku Europe komanso padziko lonse lapansi.

Spain ili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kopanga msika wake wamalonda wakunja. Ndi malo abwino ku Europe, imakhala ngati njira yolowera ku European Union ndi misika yaku Latin America. Zomangamanga zotukuka bwino za dziko lino, kuphatikizapo madoko amakono ndi mabwalo a ndege, zimathandiza kuti katundu ayende bwino. Dziko la Spain limadziŵika chifukwa cha ntchito yake yaulimi yolimba, yotulutsa zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, vinyo, ndi mafuta a azitona apamwamba kwambiri. Izi zikupangitsa dzikolo kukhala lokopa alendo pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, Spain ili ndi magawo osiyanasiyana amafakitale kuyambira magalimoto mpaka matekinoloje amagetsi osinthika. Ukatswiri wake m'mafakitalewa umapereka mwayi wotumizira zinthu zapadera. Boma la Spain limalimbikitsa anthu kuti ayambe kugulitsa ndalama zakunja popereka zolimbikitsa monga kuchotsera misonkho komanso njira zowongolera zoyendetsera ntchito. Izi zakopa makampani amitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti akhazikitse kukhalapo kwawo ku Spain, ndikupititsa patsogolo malonda ake. Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito zokopa alendo ku Spain zikuyenda bwino chifukwa cha magombe ake okongola, chikhalidwe cholemera, komanso malo akale. Izi zimapereka mwayi wokulitsa ntchito zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja monga ntchito zochereza alendo ndi zinthu zokhudzana ndi zokopa alendo. Kuphatikiza apo, Spain ili ndi antchito aluso kwambiri omwe ali ndi maphunziro abwino m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Ufulu waumunthu uwu umathandizira kupanga zinthu zatsopano ndi ntchito zomwe zingathe kutumizidwa kunja kunja. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuvomereza kuti palinso zovuta pamsika wamalonda wakunja waku Spain. Dzikoli likuyang'anizana ndi mpikisano wochokera ku mayiko ena a EU omwe ali ndi mphamvu zofanana zotumiza kunja. Kuphatikiza apo, kusinthasintha kwachuma kumatha kukhudza kufunikira kwa ogula padziko lonse lapansi. Ponseponse, ndi malo ake abwino, mafakitale osiyanasiyana monga zaulimi ndi zopanga zinthu limodzi ndi thandizo la boma pazachuma zakunja zimapangitsa dziko la Spain kukhala dziko lodalirika pofufuza mwayi wamalonda wapadziko lonse lapansi.

Pankhani yopeza zinthu zomwe zimagulitsidwa pamsika wamalonda akunja ku Spain, ndikofunikira kuganizira zachikhalidwe komanso zachuma za dzikolo. 1. Maphunziro a Zam'mimba: Dziko la Spain ndi lodziwika bwino chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chake chophikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zakudya ndi zakumwa zikhale zopindulitsa. Kukhazikika mu chikhalidwe cha tapas, mafuta a azitona aku Spain, vinyo, tchizi, ndi nyama yochiritsidwa ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso padziko lonse lapansi. 2. Mafashoni ndi Zovala: Dziko la Spain ladziwika chifukwa cha mafakitale ake a mafashoni m'zaka zapitazi. Makamaka, zinthu zachikopa zaku Spain monga zikwama zam'manja ndi nsapato zimafunikira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa chaukadaulo wawo. 3. Zogulitsa zokhudzana ndi zokopa alendo: Monga amodzi mwamalo otsogola kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, dziko la Spain limapereka mwayi wambiri wopeza zinthu zokhudzana ndi zokopa alendo monga zikumbutso, zamanja zam'deralo (kuphatikiza mbiya kapena zida za flamenco), zovala zachikhalidwe/zachikhalidwe. 4. Zopangira Mphamvu Zongowonjezera: Poganizira kwambiri kukhazikika padziko lonse lapansi, dziko la Spain limatsogolera muukadaulo wamagetsi ongowonjezwdwanso monga ma solar panels kapena kupanga ma turbines amphepo. Kutumiza kunja njira zobiriwira izi zitha kukwaniritsa zofuna zapadziko lonse lapansi. 5. Zodzoladzola & Skincare: Makampani okongola a ku Spain akuyenda bwino ndi makampani otchuka omwe amapereka zodzoladzola zapamwamba zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zachilengedwe monga mafuta a azitona kapena aloe vera. 6. Zokongoletsera Pakhomo & Mipando: Zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukongola ndi kutsogola pakati pa anthu a ku Spain ndi zokongoletsera zapakhomo monga zoumba zochokera ku Andalusia kapena mipando yowonetsera chikhalidwe cha Chisipanishi chomwe chimakopa anthu ammudzi ndi ogula padziko lonse lapansi. 7. Gawo la Ukadaulo ndi Zamagetsi: Monga chuma chotsogola, dziko la Spain lili ndi makampani opanga zida zaukadaulo kuphatikiza mafoni/mapiritsi, zida zovalira, kapena makina opangira nyumba; kuyang'ana pa maderawa kungapangitse kulowa bwino kwa msika. Kusankha bwino zogulitsa zotentha pamsika uliwonse wakunja monga Spain: - Chitani kafukufuku wamsika: Kumvetsetsa zomwe ogula amakonda kudzera mu kafukufuku/mafunso - Unikani omwe akupikisana nawo: Dziwani malo omwe achita bwino poganizira za mipata kuti mupewe mpikisano waukulu - Kuyang'anira zochitika ndi malamulo okhudzana ndi zinthu (ntchito zamakasitomala, zofunikira za certification, etc.) - Fufuzani maubwenzi ndi ogulitsa/akatswiri amdera lanu kuti muthandizire kulowa msika - Sinthani ma CD, zida zotsatsa ndi mafotokozedwe azinthu kuti zigwirizane ndi zomwe ogula aku Spain amakonda - Yang'anirani zomwe zikuchitika pamsika mosalekeza kuti mukhale patsogolo pamapindikira. Ponseponse, kumvetsetsa bwino chikhalidwe cha ku Spain, nyengo yazachuma, ndi machitidwe a ogula ndikofunikira posankha magulu azinthu zomwe zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwakukulu komanso kuchita bwino pamsika wamalonda akunja.

Spain, yomwe ili kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Ulaya, imadziwika ndi mbiri yake yabwino, chikhalidwe champhamvu, komanso kuchereza alendo. Anthu a ku Spain ndi ochezeka komanso olandirira alendo. Amanyadira miyambo ndi miyambo yawo. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa zamakasitomala ena komanso zotsutsana nazo mukapita ku Spain. Makasitomala aku Spain amayamikira maubwenzi awo ndipo amakonda kuyanjana kwachikondi ndi mabizinesi. Kupanga chidaliro ndikofunikira pakukhazikitsa ubale wabwino wamabizinesi ku Spain. Nkozoloŵereka kwa anthu a ku Spain kukambitsirana nkhani zing’onozing’ono asanakambirane nkhani zamalonda monga njira yopezera mayanjano awo. Kusamalira nthawi kungakhale kosiyana ndi zikhalidwe zina, popeza anthu a ku Spain amaika patsogolo moyo wabanja ndi macheza. Misonkhano nthawi zambiri imayamba mochedwa kapena imatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe idakonzedwera chifukwa cha zokambirana zamwambo kapena mwayi wapaintaneti womwe umapezeka pamisonkhano. Pankhani ya chikhalidwe chodyera, ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti chakudya chamasana ndi chakudya chachikulu cha tsiku ku Spain. Makasitomala a ku Spain amasangalala ndi zakudya zomwe amasangalala nazo komanso kusangalala ndi chakudya komanso kucheza bwino. Kudya mopupuluma kapena kupempha bilu posachedwa kutha kuonedwa ngati kupanda ulemu. Kuphatikiza apo, kusunga nthawi sikungatsimikizidwe kwambiri nthawi zonse m'malo ochezera, koma kumakhalabe kofunika pamisonkhano ya akatswiri kapena pamisonkhano yabizinesi. Ponena za miyambo yopereka mphatso, pamene kuli kwakuti sikofunikira kupereka mphatso pamisonkhano yoyambirira kapena kukambitsirana ndi makasitomala a ku Spain, ngati ataitanidwa kunyumba ya munthu kukadya chakudya chamadzulo kapena phwando (monga Khirisimasi), kubweretsa mphatso yaing’ono monga chokoleti kapena botolo la vinyo. monga chizindikiro choyamika chimachitika kawirikawiri ku Spain. Ndikofunikira kupewa nkhani zovuta monga ndale kapena kusiyana kwamadera mukamacheza ndi makasitomala aku Spain chifukwa cha mikangano yomwe idakalipobe masiku ano yokhudzana ndi zofuna za madera ena. Ponseponse, kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe amakasitomala kungathandize kukhazikitsa mayanjano abwino ndikupewa zovuta zomwe zingachitike pochita bizinesi kapena kucheza ndi anthu aku Spain.

Dziko la Spain, lomwe lili kum’mwera chakumadzulo kwa Ulaya, lili ndi dongosolo lokhazikitsidwa bwino la miyambo ndi malire. Dzikoli lakhazikitsa malamulo okhwima pofuna kuonetsetsa chitetezo ndi chitetezo cha malire ake. Polowa kapena kuchoka ku Spain, pali mfundo zingapo zofunika kuzikumbukira. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi zikalata zovomerezeka zoyendera. Nzika zomwe si za European Union ziyenera kukhala ndi pasipoti yovomerezeka yokhala ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yotsalira. Nzika za EU zitha kuyenda mkati mwa Schengen Area pogwiritsa ntchito ziphaso zawo zadziko. Katundu wobweretsedwa ndi kuchotsedwa ku Spain amatsatira malamulo a kasitomu. Apaulendo ayenera kulengeza zinthu zilizonse zomwe zimadutsa malire ena kapena zomwe zimafuna zilolezo zapadera monga mfuti, zakudya, kapena zinthu zakale zachikhalidwe. Malipiro opanda msonkho pa mowa, fodya, ndi katundu wina angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kuma eyapoti aku Spain ndi madoko apanyanja, oyang'anira kasitomu nthawi zambiri amayendera mwachisawawa mankhwala ndi zinthu zina zoletsedwa. Ndikofunikira kusanyamula mankhwala osaloledwa kulowa mdziko muno chifukwa zilango zokhwima zitha kuperekedwa akagwidwa. Alendo ayeneranso kudziwa zoletsa kulowetsa kapena kutumiza ndalama. Ngati mutanyamula zoposa € 10,000 (kapena zofanana ndi ndalama zina), ziyenera kulengezedwa pofika kapena ponyamuka. Komanso, apaulendo ochokera kumayiko omwe si a EU ayenera kudziwa zofunikira za visa asanapite ku Spain. Anthu omwe sali ndi visa amatha kukhala masiku 90 mkati mwa masiku 180 chifukwa cha zokopa alendo, koma angafunike ma visa apadera kuti agwire ntchito kapena kuphunzira. Kuphatikiza apo, okwera omwe amabwera kuchokera kunja kwa EU atha kudutsanso zowunikira zowonjezera zokhudzana ndi thanzi ngati njira zowunikira za COVID-19 zokhazikitsidwa ndi akuluakulu aku Spain. Ponseponse, mukalowa kapena kuchoka kumalire a Spain: 1) Nyamulani zikalata zoyendera. 2) Tsatirani malamulo a kasitomu: Nenani zinthu zoletsedwa ngati kuli kofunikira. 3) Osanyamula mankhwala osokoneza bongo - zilango zowopsa zimakhalapo. 4) Dziwani zoletsa ndalama. 5) Kumvetsetsa zofunikira za visa musanayende. 6) Tsatirani zofunikira zolowera zokhudzana ndi thanzi panthawi ya miliri ngati COVID-19. Potsatira malangizowa, apaulendo amatha kuyenda bwino m'mayendedwe aku Spain komanso kuwongolera malire ndikuwonetsetsa kuti akutsatira malamulo akumaloko.

Ndondomeko ya ku Spain yotengera katundu kumayiko akunja idapangidwa kuti iziwongolera ndikuwongolera kulowa kwa katundu mdziko muno kuchokera kunja. Boma la Spain limakhoma misonkho kuzinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja pofuna kuteteza mafakitale apakhomo, kupeza ndalama komanso kuwonetsetsa kuti pali mpikisano wachilungamo. Ndalama zogulira katundu ku Spain zimasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa chinthucho, komwe zidachokera, komanso kagawidwe kake malinga ndi mgwirizano wamalonda wapadziko lonse lapansi. Khodi ya Harmonized System (HS) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kugawa katundu ndikuwunika zomwe zikuyenera kulipidwa. Pali magulu osiyanasiyana amitengo kutengera ad valorem kapena mitengo yake. Katundu wina wofunikira monga chakudya chokhazikika kapena zinthu zachipatala mwina zidatsitsa kapena kutsitsa mitengo yamitengo kuti zilimbikitse kupezeka kwake pamitengo yoyenera kwa ogula. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, zinthu zamtengo wapatali monga zamagetsi zamakono kapena zamakono nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika mtengo. Kuti tiwerengere msonkho wa katundu ku Spain, munthu ayenera kuganizira za mtengo womwe watchulidwa wa katundu wochokera kunja, mtengo wamayendedwe, mtengo wa inshuwaransi, ndi zinthu zina zoyenera. Kuwerengetseraku kumachokera ku malamulo owerengera mtengo wamtengo wapatali wokhazikitsidwa ndi mapangano a mayiko monga World Trade Organisation (WTO) Customs Valuation Agreement. Kuphatikiza pa msonkho wamba wamba, dziko la Spain litha kuyika misonkho yowonjezereka monga msonkho wowonjezera (VAT) kapena msonkho wapagulu pazinthu zomwe zatumizidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana akugawira m'dzikolo. Spain ilinso ndi mapangano amalonda ndi maiko ena omwe angakhudze malamulo ake otengera kuitanitsa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati dziko la Spain lili ndi mgwirizano wamalonda waulere ndi dziko linalake lomwe limachotsa kapena kuchepetsa mitengo ya zinthu zina zomwe zimachokera kumeneko. Ponseponse, mfundo za ku Spain zantchito yolowera kunja zikufuna kuti pakhale mgwirizano pakati pa kuteteza mafakitale apakhomo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ogula angakwanitse kugula. Zimagwirizananso ndi malamulo a zamalonda padziko lonse lapansi ndikuganiziranso mapangano a mayiko awiri omwe ali ndi cholinga cholimbikitsa mgwirizano wa zachuma ndi mayiko ena.

Dziko la Spain lili ndi ndondomeko yamisonkho yoti katundu wake atumizidwa kunja aziwongolera misonkho pazigawozi. Dzikoli likutsatira ndondomeko yamalonda ya European Union (EU), yomwe cholinga chake ndi kuonetsetsa kuti pali mpikisano wokwanira komanso kuteteza mafakitale apakhomo. Nthawi zambiri, dziko la Spain silipereka misonkho yeniyeni pazinthu zotumizidwa kunja. Komabe, zotumiza kunja kuchokera ku Spain zimatengera msonkho wowonjezera (VAT) kutengera malamulo a EU. Mtengo wa VAT umatengera mtundu wazinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja. Pazinthu zambiri, mlingo wa VAT wa 21% umaperekedwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ogulitsa kunja ayenera kuphatikiza msonkho umenewu pamtengo wazinthu zawo akamagulitsa kunja. Komabe, ngati katunduyo akuyenera kulandira VAT ya ziro pansi pa malamulo a EU, palibe msonkho wowonjezera womwe umaperekedwa ndi ogulitsa kunja. Kuti muyenerere kulandira VAT ya zero, zinthu zina ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, zotumiza kumayiko omwe si a EU kapena katundu wokhudzana mwachindunji ndi ntchito zamayendedwe apadziko lonse lapansi nthawi zambiri sizimaperekedwa ku VAT. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zina zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja zitha kukhala zoyenera kuchepetsedwa mitengo kapena kusakhululukidwa kutengera mafakitale kapena mapangano omwe ali ndi mabizinesi. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti msonkho wa kasitomu utha kugwiranso ntchito potumiza katundu kuchokera ku Spain kupita kumayiko omwe si a EU potengera mapangano amalonda apadziko lonse lapansi ndi mitengo yamitengo yokhazikitsidwa ndi mayiko kapena zigawozo. Ponseponse, ngakhale kuti dziko la Spain limatsatira mfundo zamalonda za EU zokhuza misonkho pa katundu wotumizidwa kunja pogwiritsa ntchito msonkho wowonjezera mtengo malinga ndi mitengo yosiyanasiyana komanso kukhululukidwa kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri komanso mapangano omwe amagwirizana nawo omwe akuchita nawo malonda, palibe misonkho yeniyeni yomwe imaperekedwa pazogulitsa kunja ku Spain kokha. yokha.

Dziko la Spain limadziwika chifukwa chachuma chake chosiyanasiyana komanso chotukuka, ndipo zogulitsa kunja ndizo zomwe zikuthandizira kwambiri. Pofuna kuwonetsetsa kuti katundu wotumizidwa kunja ndi wowona komanso wowona, dziko la Spain lakhazikitsa njira zokhwimitsa ziphaso. Boma la Spain, kudzera mu Unduna wa Zachuma ndi Mpikisano, limayang'anira ziphaso zogulitsa kunja. Ulamuliro wamkulu wopereka ziphaso zogulitsa kunja ndi Spanish Institute for Foreign Trade (ICEX). Amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi mabungwe ena aboma kuti awonetsetse kuti zogulitsa zikukwaniritsa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kutsatira malamulo amalonda. ICEX imapereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ziphaso zotumizira kunja kutengera mtundu wazinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja. Satifiketi imodzi yofunikira ndi Satifiketi Yoyambira, yomwe imatsimikizira kuti chinthucho chapangidwa kapena kukonzedwa ku Spain. Chikalatachi chikuwonetsetsa kuti kuchita zamalonda kulibe poyera komanso kumathandiza kupewa chinyengo kapena zinthu zachinyengo kulowa m'misika yakunja. Chitsimikizo china chofunikira ndikuyika chizindikiro cha CE. Chizindikirochi chikuwonetsa kuti chinthu chikugwirizana ndi chitetezo, thanzi, komanso chitetezo cha European Union. Zikuwonetsa kuti zogulitsa ku Spain zimakwaniritsa miyezo ya EU ndipo zitha kugulitsidwa mwaulele m'maiko omwe ali mamembala. Kuphatikiza apo, kutengera mtundu wa katundu wotumizidwa kunja, ziphaso zapadera zitha kufunikira. Mwachitsanzo, zakudya ziyenera kutsatira malamulo oteteza zakudya omwe amayendetsedwa ndi mabungwe aboma monga Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition (AESAN). Momwemonso, zinthu zaulimi ziyenera kutsatira njira za phytosanitary zoperekedwa ndi Unduna wa Ulimi. Dziko la Spain likuchitanso mapangano a mayiko awiriwa ndi mayiko ogwirizana kuti athandizire malonda apadziko lonse lapansi. Mgwirizanowu umapereka kuzindikira kogwirizana kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Ndikoyenera kutchula kuti kupeza ziphaso zofunikira kumaphatikizapo kutumiza zolembedwa mosamalitsa pamodzi ndi kuyendera kapena kufufuza kochitidwa ndi akuluakulu oyenerera. Ogulitsa kunja akulangizidwa kuti adziwe zofunikira pazamalonda awo asanayambe ntchito iliyonse yotumiza kuchokera ku Spain. Mwachidule, njira yoperekera ziphaso ku Spain ikufuna kutsimikizira njira zowongolera ndikukwaniritsa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi yokhazikitsidwa ndi mayiko omwe akutumiza kunja. Dzikoli limayika patsogolo kuwonekera pazamalonda pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotsimikizira, kuwonetsetsa kuti katundu waku Spain ndi wodalirika komanso wodalirika padziko lonse lapansi.

Spain ndi dziko lomwe lili kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Europe, lomwe limadziwika ndi chikhalidwe chake cholemera komanso malo osiyanasiyana. Zikafika pazantchito ndi mayendedwe, Spain imapereka njira zingapo zabwino kwambiri zamabizinesi ndi anthu pawokha. Choyamba, Spain ili ndi zida zambiri zoyendetsera mayendedwe zomwe zimathandizira kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino. Dzikoli lili ndi misewu yosamalidwa bwino komanso misewu yayikulu yomwe imalumikiza mizinda ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana mkati mwa Spain, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kunyamula katundu m'dziko lonselo. Kuphatikiza apo, Spain ili ndi njanji yolimba yomwe imapereka ntchito zodalirika zonyamula katundu. Pankhani ya ntchito zonyamula katundu wandege, Spain ili ndi ma eyapoti ambiri otanganidwa okhala ndi malo abwino kwambiri onyamulira katundu. Barcelona-El Prat Airport ndi Madrid-Barajas Airport ndi malo awiri akulu komwe mabizinesi amatha kutumiza kapena kulandira katundu mosavuta kudzera pa ndege. Mabwalo a ndegewa ali ndi malo okwerera katundu omwe ali ndi luso lamakono kuti azitha kuyenda bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, Spain ili ndi madoko angapo apamwamba padziko lonse lapansi omwe amachita malonda ambiri apanyanja. Port of Valencia ndi chitsanzo chimodzi chotere; imagwira ntchito ngati khomo lalikulu lolowera ndi kutumiza kunja kuchokera kumwera kwa Europe. Ndi malo opangira zida zamakono komanso njira zoyendetsera bwino zamakasitomala, dokoli limapereka njira zodalirika zotumizira mabizinesi omwe akufuna kunyamula katundu panyanja. Kuphatikiza pa zomangamanga, Spain ilinso ndi makampani ambiri opanga zinthu omwe amapereka mayankho athunthu. Makampaniwa amapereka ntchito zosiyanasiyana monga kusungirako katundu, kasamalidwe ka kagawidwe ka zinthu, kupereka chilolezo cha kasitomu, komanso kutumiza katundu. Othandizira ena odziwika ku Spain akuphatikizapo DHL Supply Chain, DB Schenker Logistics Ibérica S.L.U., Kühne + Nagel Logistics S.A., pakati pa ena. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mukuyang'ana ntchito zapadera zamagalimoto m'mafakitale monga azamankhwala kapena zinthu zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka - opereka zida zoziziritsa kukhosi monga Norbert Dentressangle Iberica kapena Dachs España amapereka malo osungiramo kutentha komanso njira zoyendera zomwe zimatsimikizira kukhulupirika kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa panthawi yaulendo. Ponseponse, Citas Import Export Solutions planes de Logística s.l.ndi chisankho chabwino chifukwa cha luso lawo lambiri, maukonde amphamvu, komanso kudzipereka pantchito yabwino kwamakasitomala. Pomaliza, Spain imapereka maukonde odalirika komanso odalirika omwe amaphatikiza njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendera kuphatikiza misewu, njanji, ntchito zonyamula katundu wandege, ndi madoko. Ndi makampani ambiri opangira zinthu omwe amapereka mayankho atsatanetsatane, mabizinesi amatha kupeza njira zoyenera pazosowa zawo. Kaya ndi zoyendera zapamtunda kapena zapadziko lonse lapansi, Spain ili ndi zomangamanga komanso ukadaulo wothana ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana.

Zowonetsa zamalonda zofunika

Spain ndi dziko lodziwika bwino pankhani yogula zinthu padziko lonse lapansi. Imapereka njira zingapo zofunika kwa ogula komanso imakhala ndi ziwonetsero zosiyanasiyana zamalonda. Njirazi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri polimbikitsa kulumikizana, ma network, ndikupeza mwayi wokulitsa bizinesi. Choyamba, imodzi mwa njira zodziwika bwino za ogula apadziko lonse ku Spain ndi kudzera m'magulu azamalonda kapena mabizinesi. Mabungwewa amakhala ngati nsanja zofunikira zolumikizirana ndi ogulitsa aku Spain ndi opanga m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Amapereka chitsogozo, chithandizo, ndikukonzekera zochitika zosiyanasiyana kuti zithandizire kulumikizana kwa ogula ndi ogulitsa. Kachiwiri, mabungwe aboma la Spain monga ICEX (Spanish Institute for Foreign Trade) amalimbikitsa mwachangu ubale wamalonda pakati pamakampani aku Spain ndi ogula apadziko lonse lapansi. Amapereka chithandizo kuyambira kafukufuku wamsika mpaka zochitika zofananira, kulola ogula akunja kuti awone mayanjano omwe angakhalepo ndi mabizinesi aku Spain. Kuphatikiza apo, Spain yakhazikitsa madera aulere (FTZs) omwe amakopa ogula padziko lonse lapansi omwe akufuna njira zogulira zotsika mtengo. Ma FTZ awa amapereka chilimbikitso chamisonkho, njira zowongolera za kasitomu, ndi zida zogwirira ntchito zopindulitsa pantchito zapadziko lonse lapansi. Komanso, Spain imakhala ndi ziwonetsero zingapo zazikulu zamalonda zomwe zimakopa ogula ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana. Zitsanzo zina zodziwika bwino ndi izi: 1. Mobile World Congress: Chimodzi mwa ziwonetsero zazikulu kwambiri zaukadaulo wam'manja zomwe zimachitika padziko lonse lapansi chaka chilichonse ku Barcelona zimakopa atsogoleri amakampani omwe akufuna njira zotsogola zamafoni. 2. FITUR: Chiwonetsero chotsogola cha zokopa alendo chomwe chinachitika ku Madrid chopatsa mwayi mabungwe oyendera alendo, ogwira ntchito zokopa alendo, eni mahotela kuti awonetse malonda/ntchito zawo kwa anzawo padziko lonse lapansi. 3.GIfTEXPO: Chiwonetsero cha Mphatso Chapadziko Lonsechi chili ndi mphatso zabwino zambiri kuphatikiza zamanja, 4.Fruit Attraction: Chochitika chofunikira kwambiri chokhudza zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimakopa ogulitsa azaulimi padziko lonse lapansi omwe akufunafuna zokolola zaku Spain, 5.CEVISAMA: Chiwonetserochi chodziwika bwino cha matailosi a ceramic chomwe chinachitikira ku Valencia chimasonkhanitsa akatswiri amakampani omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi zatsopano komanso zatsopano zokhudzana ndi zoumba, Ziwonetserozi zimakhala ngati nsanja zabwino zomwe ogula ochokera kumayiko ena amatha kukumana ndi omwe angakhale ogulitsa nawo maso ndi maso kwinaku akukhalabe ndi chidziwitso chamsika womwe ukutuluka m'magawo awo. Pomaliza, j kwa ogula apadziko lonse lapansi, Spain imapereka njira zingapo zofunika zopangira ubale wamalonda ndi mabizinesi aku Spain. Mabwalo a zamalonda, mabungwe aboma, ndi madera ochitira malonda aulere amapereka dongosolo lothandizira, pomwe ziwonetsero zamalonda ndi ziwonetsero zimapereka mwayi wolumikizana mwachindunji ndi omwe angakhale ogulitsa. Njirazi zimathandizira kwambiri kuti dziko la Spain liyime ngati malo abwino okagula zinthu padziko lonse lapansi.

Makina osakira wamba

Ku Spain, pali injini zingapo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Nawa ena odziwika kwambiri pamodzi ndi ma URL awo patsamba: 1. Google: Makina osakira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndiwodziwikanso kwambiri ku Spain. Anthu atha kuzipeza pa www.google.es. 2. Bing: Injini ina yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, Bing imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ku Spain. Mutha kuzipeza pa www.bing.com. 3. Yahoo: Ngakhale kutchuka kwa Yahoo kwatsika m'zaka zapitazi, ikadali injini yosakira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Spain. Webusaiti yake ya ulalo ndi www.yahoo.es. 4. DuckDuckGo: DuckDuckGo amadziwika kuti amaika patsogolo zinsinsi zake komanso osatsata zinsinsi zaumwini, ngati njira ina yofufuzira ku Spain. Ulalo wa webusayiti yake ndi duckduckgo.com/es. 5. Yandex: Yandex ndi injini yosaka yochokera ku Russia yomwe imapereka zotsatira zakusaka ndi ntchito zapaintaneti kwa ogwiritsanso olankhula Chisipanishi. Anthu ku Spain amatha kupeza ntchito zake kudzera pa www.yandex.es. Chonde dziwani kuti izi ndi zitsanzo zochepa chabe zamainjini osakira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Spain, ndipo pakhoza kukhala njira zina zachigawo kapena zapadera zomwe ziliponso.

Masamba akulu achikasu

Masamba akulu achikasu ku Spain ndi awa: 1. Paginas Amarillas (https://www.paginasamarillas.es/): Ili ndiye bukhu lotsogola lamasamba achikasu ku Spain, lomwe limapereka mndandanda wathunthu wamabizinesi m'magawo osiyanasiyana. 2. QDQ Media (https://www.qdq.com/): QDQ Media imapereka chikwatu chandalama chapaintaneti kwa mabizinesi aku Spain, kulola ogwiritsa ntchito kufufuza omwe akulumikizana nawo mosiyanasiyana monga malo, mafakitale, ndi ntchito. 3. 11870 (https://www.11870.com/): 11870 ndi malo otchuka pa intaneti komwe ogwiritsa ntchito angapeze zidziwitso zamabizinesi aku Spain. Imakhalanso ndi ndemanga ndi mavoti kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ena. 4. Guía Telefónica de España (https://www.guiatelefonicadeespana.com/): Bukuli lili ndi mndandanda wamabizinesi ndi akatswiri ku Spain, m'magulu amizinda kapena madera. 5. Directorio de Empresas de España (https://empresas.hospitalet.cat/es/home.html): Ili ndi bukhu lovomerezeka lazamalonda lomwe limasungidwa ndi Hospitalet City Council ku Catalonia lomwe lili ndi mindandanda yamakampani ndi mabungwe m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. 6. Infobel Spain Business Directory (https://infobel.com/en/spain/business): Infobel ili ndi bukhu lazamalonda pa intaneti lomwe limakhudza mayiko angapo kuphatikiza Spain, lomwe limapereka mauthenga amitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakampani. 7. Kompass - Spanish Yellow Pages (https://es.kompass.com/business-directory/spain/dir-01/page-1): Kompass imapereka mwayi wopeza deta yamakampani aku Spain omwe ali m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kulola ogwiritsa ntchito kusaka motengera milingo yeniyeni monga makampani kapena kukula kwa kampani. Izi ndi zitsanzo zochepa chabe zamakalata akulu akulu achikasu omwe amapezeka ku Spain. Kumbukirani kuti chikwatu chilichonse chikhoza kukhala ndi zakezake zapadera kapena malo omwe amayang'ana kwambiri kutengera komwe akukhudzidwa kapena ntchito zina zoperekedwa.

Mapulatifomu akuluakulu azamalonda

Spain, dziko lokongola ku Southern Europe, latuluka ngati limodzi mwa mayiko otsogola pankhani ya nsanja za e-commerce. Nawa ena mwa nsanja zazikulu za e-commerce ku Spain pamodzi ndi masamba awo: 1. Amazon Spain: Monga chimphona chapadziko lonse lapansi, Amazon ili ndi malo otchuka pamsika waku Spain. Imakhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana m'magulu osiyanasiyana. Webusayiti: https://www.amazon.es/ 2. El Corte Inglés: Iyi ndi imodzi mwa masitoro akulu akulu kwambiri ku Spain omwe afikira pamsika wapaintaneti. Amapereka zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga mafashoni, zamagetsi, ndi zida zapakhomo. Webusayiti: https://www.elcorteingles.es/ 3. AliExpress: Yochokera ku China koma ndi makasitomala ambiri ku Spain, AliExpress ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha mitengo yake yotsika mtengo komanso kusankha zinthu zambiri m'magulu osiyanasiyana. Webusayiti: https://es.aliexpress.com/ 4. eBay Spain: Imodzi mwa malo odziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ogulitsira malonda pa intaneti ndi malonda, eBay imagwiranso ntchito ku Spain komwe ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kugula zinthu zatsopano komanso zogwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta. Webusayiti: https://www.ebay.es/ 5.JD.com : JD.com yadziwika kuti ndi ogulitsa kwambiri ku China koma yafalikira padziko lonse lapansi kumayiko ngati Spain omwe akupereka zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga zamagetsi, zovala, kukongola ndi zina .Webusaiti :https://global.jd .com/es 6.Worten : Wogulitsa malonda wotchuka waku Spain yemwe amagwira ntchito pazamagetsi ogula ndi zida zapakhomo zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa intaneti komanso m'masitolo ogulitsa mdziko lonselo.Webusaiti :https://www.worten.es 7.MediaMarkt ES : Wogulitsa wina wodziwika bwino wa zamagetsi ogula omwe amagwira ntchito m'maiko angapo kuphatikiza Spain. Imapereka zida zamagetsi zosiyanasiyana monga mafoni am'manja, laputopu ndi zina.Webusaiti :https://www.mediamarkt.es/ Izi ndi zitsanzo chabe za nsanja zazikuluzikulu zamalonda zapaintaneti zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa ogula mkati mwa Spain. Amapereka mwayi kwa makasitomala mwayi wopeza zinthu zambiri zamitundumitundu kuchokera padziko lonse lapansi.

Major social media nsanja

Ku Spain, pali nsanja zingapo zodziwika bwino zomwe zimagwirizanitsa anthu ndikulimbikitsa kulumikizana. Nawa ena mwa malo ochezera a pa intaneti omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Spain, limodzi ndi ma URL ofanana nawo: 1. Facebook - https://www.facebook.com Facebook ndiye tsamba lodziwika bwino komanso logwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza ku Spain. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kulumikizana ndi abwenzi ndi abale, kugawana zosintha, zithunzi, makanema, ndikujowina magulu osiyanasiyana okonda. 2. Instagram - https://www.instagram.com Instagram ndi nsanja yowoneka bwino yomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kugawana zithunzi ndi makanema achidule. Yadziwika kwambiri ku Spain komanso padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa choyang'ana kwambiri zowonera. 3. Twitter - https://twitter.com Twitter imathandizira ogwiritsa ntchito kutumiza mauthenga achidule otchedwa "tweets" aatali mpaka zilembo 280. Imakhala ngati nsanja yogawana zidziwitso zenizeni pomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kutsatira ena ndikukambirana pogwiritsa ntchito ma hashtag. 4. LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com LinkedIn ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti omwe amalola anthu kupanga mbiri yowunikira luso lawo, maphunziro, luso lantchito, ndi zomwe akwaniritsa. Zimathandizira akatswiri kukulitsa maukonde awo akatswiri polumikizana ndi anzawo kapena olemba anzawo ntchito. 5. TikTok - https://www.tiktok.com TikTok ndi nsanja yopangira yogawana makanema achidule kuyambira pamasewera olumikizana ndi milomo mpaka masewera oseketsa kapena machitidwe ovina otchuka pakati pa mibadwo yachichepere ku Spain. 6. WhatsApp - https://www.whatsapp.com Ngakhale sizimaganiziridwa ngati malo ochezera a pa Intaneti; WhatsApp imatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pagulu la anthu aku Spain pazifukwa zolumikizirana kudzera pa mameseji kapena kuyimba kwamawu/kanema pakati pa anthu pawokha kapena pagulu. 7.Kuphatikiza pa nsanja zapadziko lonse lapansi zomwe zalembedwa pamwambapa zomwe zili ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri m'magulu aku Spain; malo ena ochezera a ku Spain omwe ali komweko akuphatikiza: Xing (https://www.xing.es) Tuenti (https://tuenti.es) Chonde dziwani kuti kutchuka kwa nsanja izi kumatha kusiyanasiyana pakapita nthawi komanso magulu azaka zosiyanasiyana.

Mgwirizano waukulu wamakampani

Spain ili ndi chuma cholemera komanso chosiyanasiyana chokhala ndi mabungwe akuluakulu osiyanasiyana oyimira magawo osiyanasiyana. Nawu mndandanda wamabizinesi akuluakulu ku Spain limodzi ndi masamba awo ovomerezeka: 1. Spanish Confederation of Business Organizations (CEOE) - imakhudza mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kupanga, zomangamanga, zokopa alendo, ndi zachuma. Webusayiti: http://www.ceoe.es 2. Spanish Association of Automotive Suppliers (SERNAUTO) - imayimira makampani omwe akugwira nawo ntchito yogulitsa magalimoto. Webusayiti: http://www.sernauto.es 3. Spanish Confederation of Hotels and Tourist Accommodation (CEHAT) - imayimira zofuna za mahotela ndi malo ena ogona. Webusayiti: https://www.cehat.com 4. Spanish Association for Renewable Energies (APPARE) - ikuyang'ana pa kulimbikitsa zongowonjezereka monga mphepo, dzuwa, mphamvu zamagetsi. Webusayiti: https://apppare.asociaciones.org/ 5. National Federation of Food Industries and Beverages (FIAB) - imayimira makampani opanga zakudya kuphatikizapo kukonza, kupanga, ndi kugawa. Webusayiti: https://fiab.es/ 6. Spanish Photovoltaic Union (UNEF) - imalimbikitsa kupanga mphamvu ya dzuwa kudzera muzitsulo za photovoltaic. Webusayiti: http://unefotovoltaica.org/ 7. National Association for Steelworks Producers ku Spain (SIDEREX) - ikuyimira makampani opanga zitsulo omwe amagwira ntchito ku Spain. Webusayiti: http://siderex.com/en/ 8. Komiti ya Oyendetsa ndege ku Spain-Portugal (COCAE)- imayimira oyendetsa ndege pazochitika zama eyapoti ku Spain ndi Portugal Webusayiti:http://cocae.aena.es/en/home-en/ 9.Spanish Meterological Society(SEM)- imabweretsa pamodzi akatswiri omwe akuchita za meteorology kapena sayansi yofananira kuti alimbikitse mwayi wofufuza mkati mwa gawoli. Webusayiti:http/https//sites.google.com/view/sociedad-semen/homespan> Izi ndi zitsanzo zochepa chabe kuchokera kumagulu ambiri ku Spain. Iliyonse mwa mabungwewa imagwira ntchito yofunikira pakuyimira, kulimbikitsa, ndikupereka chithandizo kumakampani awo.

Mawebusayiti a bizinesi ndi malonda

Pali mawebusayiti angapo azachuma ndi malonda ku Spain omwe amapereka chidziwitso chazachuma cha dzikolo, malonda, ndi mwayi wamabizinesi. Nawa ena mwa iwo limodzi ndi ma adilesi awo awebusayiti: 1. Webusaiti Yovomerezeka ya Chamber of Commerce ya ku Spain: http://www.camaras.org/en/home/ Tsambali limapereka chidziwitso chokwanira pazachuma ku Spain, magawo abizinesi, thandizo la mayiko ena, komanso ziwerengero zamalonda. 2. Spain Global Trade Portal: https://www.spainbusiness.com/ Pulatifomuyi imapereka chidziwitso chofunikira pazantchito zamabizinesi aku Spain m'magawo angapo. Zimaphatikizapo zambiri zamapulojekiti oyika ndalama, malipoti amsika, ntchito zamabanki zamakampani, ndi zinthu zamalonda zapadziko lonse lapansi. 3. ICEX Spain Trade & Investment: https://www.icex.es/icex/es/index.html Webusaiti yovomerezeka ya ICEX (Institute for Foreign Trade) imapereka zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuchita bizinesi ku Spain. Imapereka chitsogozo kwa makampani akunja omwe akufuna kuyika ndalama kapena kukulitsa msika waku Spain. 4. Ikani ndalama ku Spain: http://www.investinspain.org/ Tsamba labomali limapereka zinthu zokhudzana ndi ndalama zomwe zimapangidwira magawo osiyanasiyana monga zokopa alendo, chitukuko cha nyumba, zomangamanga, malo opangira matekinoloje, mapulojekiti amagetsi ongowonjezwdwa ndi zina. 5. Webusaiti Yovomerezeka ya National Institute of Statistics (INE): https://www.indexmundi.com/spain/economy_profile.html Webusaiti ya INE imapereka zizindikiro zachuma monga kukula kwa GDP; mayendedwe a anthu; deta yeniyeni yamakampani; ziwerengero za msika wa ntchito ndi zina, zomwe zingathandize mabizinesi kuwunika mwayi wopeza ndalama. 6. Barcelona Activa Business Support Agency: http://w41.bcn.cat/activaciobcn/cat/tradebureau/welcome.jsp?espai_sp=1000 Kuyang'ana makamaka ku Barcelona ngati malo ofunikira azachuma mkati mwa Spain tsamba ili limapereka chithandizo ndi zothandizira mabizinesi am'deralo komanso omwe akufuna kukhazikitsa ntchito kapena kuyika ndalama m'derali. 7. Madrid Chamber of Commerce: https://www.camaramadrid.es/es-ES/Paginas/Home.aspx Webusaiti ya chipinda chino imapereka zambiri pazochitika zapaintaneti, ntchito zamabizinesi, ndi ziwonetsero zamalonda zomwe zimachitikira ku Madrid ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwa bizinesi ndi mwayi wapadziko lonse lapansi mderali. Mawebusaitiwa amatha kukhala zothandiza kwa anthu kapena makampani omwe akufuna kumvetsetsa momwe chuma cha Spain chikuyendera, kufufuza mwayi wopeza ndalama, kapena kukhazikitsa ubale wamalonda m'dzikoli.

Mawebusayiti amafunso amalonda

Pali mawebusayiti angapo ofufuza zamalonda omwe amapezeka ku Spain. Nawu mndandanda wa ena omwe ali ndi ma URL awo: 1. Spanish National Institute of Statistics (INE) - Tsambali limapereka zambiri zamalonda ndi ziwerengero zaku Spain. Ulalo: https://www.ine.es/en/welcome.shtml 2. Unduna wa Zamakampani, Zamalonda, ndi Zokopa alendo - Webusaiti yovomerezeka ya Unduna wa Boma la Spain imapereka chidziwitso ndi deta yokhudzana ndi malonda. Ulalo: https://www.mincotur.gob.es/en-us/Paginas/default.aspx 3. ICEX España Exportación e Inversiones - Ili ndiye tsamba lovomerezeka la boma la Spain lokhudza kugulitsa mayiko ndi ndalama zakunja. Ulalo: https://www.icex.es/icex/es/index.html 4. Banco de España (Bank of Spain) - Webusaiti ya banki yayikulu imapereka zizindikiro zachuma kuphatikizapo deta yamalonda. URL: http://www.bde.es/bde/en/ 5. Eurostat - Ngakhale kuti siinatchule ku Spain, Eurostat imasonkhanitsa ziwerengero za European Union kuphatikizapo malonda a mayiko omwe ali mamembala monga Spain. Ulalo: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/home Chonde dziwani kuti masamba ena angafunike kusankha zilankhulo kapena kupereka zosankha kuti muwone mu Chingerezi ngati zilipo patsamba lawo loyambira. Mawebusaitiwa akupatsirani zidziwitso zaposachedwa pazamalonda, kutumiza kunja, kuchuluka kwa malonda, mitengo yamitengo, kayendetsedwe ka ndalama, ndi zinthu zina zokhudzana ndi malonda okhudza dziko la Spain.

B2B nsanja

Spain, pokhala dziko lotukuka lomwe lili ndi chuma champhamvu, limapereka nsanja zosiyanasiyana za B2B kuti mabizinesi agwirizane ndikuchita. Nawa mapulatifomu ena a B2B ku Spain limodzi ndi masamba awo: 1. SoloStocks (www.solostocks.com): SoloStocks ndi imodzi mwa nsanja zotsogola zamalonda ku Spain zomwe zimagwirizanitsa ogula ndi ogulitsa m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. 2. TradeKey (www.tradekey.com): TradeKey ndi msika wapadziko lonse wa B2B womwe umathandizira malonda pakati pa makampani aku Spain ndi ogula padziko lonse lapansi, kupereka zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. 3. Global Sources (www.globalsources.com): Global Sources ndi nsanja ina yodziwika bwino ya B2B pomwe opanga ndi ogulitsa ku Spain amatha kuwonetsa zinthu zawo kwa ogula ochokera kumayiko ena, kupititsa patsogolo bizinesi yawo. 4. Europages (www.europages.es): Europages ndi bukhu lapaintaneti lomwe limalola mabizinesi kulimbikitsa malonda/ntchito zawo pomwe akulumikizana ndi omwe angachite nawo bizinesi ku Europe konse. 5. Toboc (www.toboc.com): Toboc imapereka nsanja yamalonda yapadziko lonse lapansi kwa makampani aku Spain omwe akufuna kukulitsa msika wawo powalumikiza ndi ogula/opereka katundu otsimikizika padziko lonse lapansi. 6. Moni Companies (hellocallday.com/en/sector/companies/buy-sell-in-spain.html): Moni Makampani amayang'ana kwambiri kulumikiza mabizinesi aku Spain mkati mwa msika wakumaloko, kuwapangitsa kugula kapena kugulitsa katundu/ntchito moyenera. 7. EWorldTrade(eworldtrade.com/spain/) : EWorldTrade imapereka nsanja yomwe amalonda aku Spain amatha kulumikizana ndi makasitomala apadziko lonse lapansi ndikufufuza misika yatsopano padziko lonse lapansi. 8. Ofertia (ofertia.me/regional/es/madrid/ecommerce.html) : Ofertia imagwira ntchito potsatsa malonda am'deralo kuchokera kwa ogulitsa ku Spain, ndikutseka bwino kusiyana pakati pa masitolo a njerwa ndi matope ndi ogula pa intaneti. Izi ndi zitsanzo zochepa chabe za nsanja za B2B zomwe zikupezeka ku Spain; pakhoza kukhala nsanja zina zambiri zapadera kapena zamakampani zomwe zimakwaniritsa zosowa zina. Chonde dziwani kuti mawebusayiti ndi kupezeka kwake zitha kusintha. Ndibwino kuti muyende pamasamba omwe atchulidwawa kuti mumve zambiri zantchito zomwe zimaperekedwa pamsika wa B2B waku Spain.