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Iimarike eziphambili
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Ilizwe jikelele
I-Turkmenistan, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhlikhi yaseTurkmenistan, lilizwe elikuMbindi weAsia. Inabemi abamalunga nezigidi ezi-6 kwaye yabelana ngemida yayo neKazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Iran, Afghanistan, kunye noLwandle lweCaspian. I-Turkmenistan yafumana inkululeko kwiSoviet Union ngowe-1991 yaye ukususela ngoko yamkela inkqubo yomongameli. Umongameli wangoku, uGurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, sele elawula ukususela ngo-2007. Ikomkhulu lelizwe kunye neyona dolophu inkulu yi-Ashgabat. Uqoqosho lwaseTurkmenistan luxhomekeke kakhulu koovimba bayo begesi yendalo. Ngomnye wabavelisi begesi yendalo bakhulu kwihlabathi ngokuthumela okubalulekileyo kumazwe afana neTshayina neRussia. Ulimo nalo ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho, umqhaphu usesinye sezityalo zalo eziphambili. ITurkmenistan iqhayisa ngeendawo ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwiintlango ezinkulu ukuya kwiintaba. Intlango yaseKarakum igubungela uninzi lommandla wayo ngelixa iKopet Dag isebenza njengoluhlu lweentaba ezibalaseleyo zelizwe. Ezi mpawu zejografi zibonelela ngamathuba okhenketho lokukhenketha olufana ne-trekking kunye ne-desert safaris. Inkcubeko yaseTurkmenistan iphenjelelwa kakhulu zizithethe zamandulo zokufuduka kunye nelifa lamaSilamsi. Iimidlalo zomculo zesintu ezinezixhobo zesintu ezifana nedutar (lute) zithandwa phakathi kwabahlali. Ukwamkela iindwendwe kubaluleke kakhulu kwinkcubeko yabo njengoko iindwendwe ziphathwa ngentlonipho kunye nesisa. Ngelixa isiTurkmen samkelwa njengolwimi lwabo lwesizwe, isiRashiya sisathethwa ngokubanzi ngenxa yobudlelwane bembali kunye neRussia ngexesha lolawulo lweSoviet. UbuSilamsi busebenza njengonqulo oluphambili oluqheliselwa luninzi lwabemi baseTurkmen; noko ke, inkululeko yonqulo ikhuselwa ngumthetho. Ukhenketho eTurkmenistan luphuhla kancinci ngenxa yeziseko ezingundoqo ezinyiniweyo; Nangona kunjalo ibonelela ngezinto ezinomtsalane ezinje nge-UNESCO World Heritage Sites kubandakanya izixeko zamandulo ezifana neMerv kunye neKunya-Urgench ezazidume ngemimangaliso yazo yokwakha eyaqala kudala emva kweenkulungwane. Kwiminyaka yakutsha nje kubekho iinzame ezenziweyo malunga nothethathethwano lozakuzo kunye nokwahluka koqoqosho ngaphaya kwegesi yendalo. Oku kuquka ukukhuthaza iTurkmenistan njengendawo yokudlula yorhwebo lwengingqi kunye neeprojekthi zamandla. Ke, kuya kuba ngumdla ukubona ukuba iTurkmenistan iqhubeka njani nokuvela kunye nokuphuhlisa kwiminyaka ezayo.
Imali yeSizwe
I-Turkmenistan, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhlikhi yaseTurkmenistan, inemali yayo ebizwa ngokuba yiTurkmenistan manat (TMT). I-manat yimali esemthethweni kunye nethenda esemthethweni eTurkmenistan kwaye yahlulwe ngakumbi kwi-100 tenge. IBhanki Enkulu yaseTurkmenistan inoxanduva lokukhupha kunye nokulawula ukuhanjiswa kwe-manat. Yaziswa ngo-1993 ukuze ithathe indawo yeRuble yaseRashiya emva kokuzimela geqe kwiSoviet Union, i-manat iye yaphinda yahlelwa ngokutsha ukusukela ngoko ngenxa yoxinzelelo lokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Okwangoku, iingqekembe eziqingqiweyo ziquka iimvaba ze-1, 2, 5, 10, 20 kunye ne-50 tenge. Imali yebhanki ifumaneka kwiimvaba ngeemvaba eziquka 1, 5,10 ,20 ,50 ,100 ,500 kwaye eyona mali isandul’ ukuziswa ixabisa i-TMT1.000. Izinga lonaniselwano lwe-manat liyaguquguquka xa lithelekiswa neemali ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe njengedola yaseMelika okanye i-euro phantsi kolawulo lwezinga lotshintshiselwano olulawulwayo. Iintengiselwano zamazwe ngamazwe zisebenzisa iimali zamazwe angaphandle njenge-USD okanye i-euro. I-Turkmenistan igcina ulawulo lwemali olungqongqo kunye nokuguqulwa okulinganiselweyo ngaphakathi kwemida yayo; ngaloo ndlela kunokuba nzima ukufumana amathuba okutshintshisa ngemali yasekuhlaleni ngaphandle kweTurkmenistan ngokwayo. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba abakhenkethi abatyelela eli lizwe beze nezixa ezaneleyo zemali yangaphandle. Lilonke, imali yelizwe yase-Turkmenistan yaziwa ngokuba yi-Manat (TMT), esebenza njengethenda esemthethweni ngaphakathi kwemida yayo ngokuguquguquka okulinganiselweyo phesheya phantsi kweqondo lotshintshiselwano olusemthethweni.
Imali yokutshintsha
Imali esemthethweni yaseTurkmenistan yiTurkmenistan Manat (TMT). Amazinga otshintshiselwano aqikelelweyo e-TMT kunye neemali ezinkulu zehlabathi zezi zilandelayo: I-1 USD ≈ 3.5 TMT 1 EUR ≈ 4.2 TMT 1 GBP ≈ 4.8 TMT Nceda uqaphele ukuba iireyithi zotshintshiselwano ziyaguquguquka, kwaye idatha enikiweyo isenokungabonakalisi iireyithi zangoku. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhangele kunye nomthombo othembekileyo okanye iziko lezemali ngemilinganiselo yokutshintshiselana ngexesha langempela.
Iiholide ezibalulekileyo
I-Turkmenistan lilizwe elikuMbindi we-Asiya, elaziwa ngobutyebi belifa lenkcubeko kunye nezithethe ezizodwa. Kukho iiholide ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ezibhiyozelwa eTurkmenistan ezibaluleke kakhulu kubantu bayo. Omnye wemibhiyozo ebaluleke kakhulu eTurkmenistan luSuku lweNkululeko, olugcinwa nge-27 ka-Okthobha rhoqo ngonyaka. Le holide yelizwe sisikhumbuzo sokubhengezwa kwelizwe elo inkululeko kwiSoviet Union ngowe-1991. Ngolu suku, abemi bathabatha inxaxheba kwimingcelele edlamkileyo, kwiikonsathi, nakwimisitho yenkcubeko ebonisa ukuzingca nomanyano lwabo lwesizwe. Omnye umthendeleko ophawulekayo ngu-Nowruz, owaziwa ngokuba nguNyaka oMtsha wasePersi okanye i-Spring Equinox. Ibhiyozelwa nge-21 kaMatshi minyaka le, i-Nowruz iphawula ukuqala kwentwasahlobo kunye nokuhlaziywa kwendalo. Iintsapho zaseTurkmen ziyahlanganisana ukuze zonwabele isidlo esimnandi, zitshintshiselane ngezipho nokutyelela izalamane ngeli xesha. Umculo wesintu, imijuxuzo, nemidlalo iwuphucula ngakumbi umoya wolonwabo. Ukongezelela, uSuku lweHashe okanye i-Ahalteke Horse Beauty Festival ihlawula imbeko kwi-Turkmenistan yohlobo oluxabisekileyo lwamahashe abizwa ngokuba yi "Ahalteke." Ubanjwa minyaka le nge-25 ka-Epreli e-Gokdepe Hippodrome kufutshane nesixeko sase-Ashgabat, lo mnyhadala ukhethekileyo uquka umdyarho wamahashe kunye nokhuphiswano olubonisa ubuhle nobabalo lwezi zidalwa zinomtsalane. Ngapha koko, uSuku loMgaqo-siseko lubhiyozelwa nge-18 kaMeyi minyaka le ukusukela oko uphawula ukwamkelwa komgaqo-siseko waseTurkmenistan ngo-1992 emva kwenkululeko. Kuququzelelwe imisitho eyahlukeneyo kwilizwe lonke ukuhlonipha olu suku kuquka iikonsathi ezibonisa imiboniso yomculo wesintu kunye nemiboniso yobugcisa emele ilifa lesizwe. Ukuqukumbela, iTurkmenistan ineeholide ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ezibaluleke kakhulu kubantu bayo. Usuku lweNkululeko lubhiyozela inkululeko kulawulo lweSoviet; I-Nowruz ibonisa iziqalo ezintsha; Imiboniso yoMhla wamaHashe amahashe aseAhaleteke axabisekileyo; ngelixa uSuku loMgaqo-siseko luqinisekisa ubuwena besizwe. Le mithendeleko ivumela abemi ukuba babhiyozele imbali yabo ngelixa bekhuthaza umanyano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kweTurkmenistan.
Imeko yoRhwebo lwaNgaphandle
ITurkmenistan lilizwe elikuMbindi weAsia, elaziwa ngokuba nguvimba walo omkhulu werhasi yendalo. Imeko yezorhwebo yelizwe iphenjelelwa kakhulu yimithombo yamandla alo kunye nemveliso yezolimo. Ngokuphathelele ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle, iTurkmenistan ithengisa igesi yendalo kumazwe ahlukeneyo, kuquka iChina, i-Iran, iRashiya kunye neTurkey. Le mveliso yenza inxalenye ebalulekileyo yengeniso yelizwe ngaphandle kwengeniso. Ngaphaya koko, iTurkmenistan ikwathumela ngaphandle iimveliso zepetroleum ezifana nepetroli kunye namafutha edizili. Ngaphandle kwemithombo yamandla, iTurkmenistan ithumela ngaphandle iimveliso zezolimo ezifana nomqhaphu kunye nengqolowa. Umqhaphu ubusisityalo semveli kweli lizwe kangangeenkulungwane kwaye usenegalelo elibalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwawo. Ngokuphathelene nokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, iTurkmenistan ithembele kakhulu koomatshini kunye nezixhobo ngeenjongo zoshishino kunye nezithuthi ezibandakanya iimoto kunye neelori. Ikwangenisa ngaphandle iimpahla ezahlukeneyo zabathengi ezifana nelaphu, i-electronics, kunye nezixhobo zasekhaya. Awona maqabane aphambili orhwebo eTurkmenistan yiTshayina elandelwa yiTurkey, iRussia, i-Iran, iUkraine, kunye namazwe aliqela aseYurophu. I-Turkmenistan igcina ubudlelwane obuluqilima bezoqoqosho nezi zizwe ngezivumelwano zamazwe amabini. Nangona kunjalo, iyantlukwano yezoqoqosho isengumceli mngeni kweli lizwe ngenxa yokuxhomekeka kakhulu ekuthunyelweni kwerhasi yendalo kumazwe angaphandle. Abasemagunyeni baseTurkmen bajonge ukwandisa uluhlu lwabo lweempahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ngelixa betsala utyalo-mali oluthe ngqo lwangaphandle kumashishini angaphaya kwecandelo lezamandla. Bakhuthaza amacandelo afana nezolimo, ukhenketho, umqhaphu, ukuhambahamba, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwezinto, kugxilwe kwiimarike ezinokubakho eYurophu, kuMbindi Mpuma, nakuMzantsi Asia. Ukuqukumbela, iTurkmenistan ithembele kakhulu ekuthunyelweni kwerhasi yendalo kunye neemveliso zezolimo. Urhulumente wenza iinzame zokwahlulahlula uqoqosho lwakhe ngaphaya kwecandelo lezamandla ukuze omeleze ubudlelwane bakhe borhwebo namanye amazwe ngelixa etsala utyalo-mali lwangaphandle kumashishini ahlukeneyo.
Uphuhliso lweMakethi olunokubakho
I-Turkmenistan, ekuMbindi we-Asiya, inamandla amakhulu okuphuhlisa imarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle. Eli lizwe linobutyebi bendalo obufana neoli, igesi yendalo nezimbiwa. Indawo yayo yejografi yobuchule ikwabonelela ngokufikelela kwiimarike eziphambili eYurophu naseAsia. Enye into ephambili eqhubela iTurkmenistan ukuba ikwazi ukuthumela ngaphandle kumazwe angaphandle nguvimba wayo omkhulu werhasi yendalo. Ilizwe libambe amanye awona mabala makhulu erhasi kwihlabathi kwaye sele liphambili ekuthengiseni amazwe angabamelwane aquka iTshayina neRussia. Ukongeza, i-Turkmenistan izama ngamandla ukuguqula ukuthunyelwa kwamandla ngaphandle ngokuseka imibhobho kunye nokuhlola iimarike ezintsha. Omnye ummandla onokukhula ngamandla licandelo lezolimo laseTurkmenistan. Ngomhlaba ochumileyo kunye nemithombo yamanzi eyaneleyo evela kumlambo iAmu Darya, ilizwe linomhlaba omkhulu olungele ukulima izityalo. Ngokuphucula iindlela zolimo kunye nokuphucula iziseko zophuhliso, iTurkmenistan inokunyusa amandla emveliso kwizinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezinje ngomqhaphu, iziqhamo, imifuno kunye neemveliso zemfuyo. Ngaphaya koko, iTurkmenistan ibityala imali eninzi ekuphuhliseni iziseko zayo zezothutho. Oku kuquka ukwakhiwa koololiwe abadibanisa uMbindi we-Asiya kunye ne-Iran (Ipaseji yezoThutho ekuMntla-Mzantsi) kwakunye nohola wendlela odibanisa iAfghanistan neAzerbaijan (iLapis Lazuli Corridor). La manyathelo ajolise ekuphuculeni unxibelelwano phakathi koqoqosho lwengingqi ngelixa ebeka iTurkmenistan njengeyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yokuhamba kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Nangona kunjalo, kukho imingeni ethile efuna ingqalelo xa kuziwa ekwandiseni imarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseTurkmenistan. Isizwe kufuneka siguqule ipotifoliyo yaso yokuthumela kumazwe angaphandle ngaphaya kwemveliso yezamandla ngokukhuthaza imizi-mveliso engeyiyo eyeoyile efana neempahla ezilukiweyo, iikhemikhali okanye ukwenziwa koomatshini. Ukongeza, urhulumente kufuneka aphucule imilinganiselo yokungafihli malunga nemimiselo, lula iinkqubo zesithethe, izithintelo zerhafu, kunye nezithintelo ezingahlawulisiyo ezinokutsalela abatyali-mali bangaphandle kweli lizwe, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumaqabane emveli afana neTshayina, iRussia, i-Iran, iTurkey njl. Ukuqukumbela, indawo encomekayo ye-Turkemenistans yejografi kunye nemithombo yamandla eninzi, amandla ezolimo, kunye notyalo-mali oluqhubekayo kwiziseko zothutho, kuyenza ibe kwindawo efanelekileyo yophuhliso lwemarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle. Ngohlaziyo lomgaqo-nkqubo olufanelekileyo kunye neenzame ezijoliswe kulwahlulo, ilizwe lingasebenzisa ngempumelelo amandla alo kwaye litsale utyalo-mali ukuxhasa ukukhula koqoqosho ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Iimveliso ezishushu ezithengiswayo kwimarike
ITurkmenistan lilizwe elikuMbindi Asia. Xa kuqwalaselwa ukhetho lwemveliso kwimarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle, kubalulekile ukuqonda uqoqosho lwelizwe, ukhetho lwenkcubeko, kunye nentsingiselo yangoku yemarike. Okokuqala, iTurkmenistan inoqoqosho olusekwe kwezolimo ikakhulu kwaye ixhomekeke kakhulu ekuthunyelweni kwerhasi yendalo kumazwe angaphandle. Ke ngoko, iimveliso ezinxulumene nezolimo kunye necandelo lamandla zinokuba zizinto ezithengiswa ngokushushu kwintengiso yazo yangaphandle. Oku kunokubandakanya oomatshini bezolimo kunye nezixhobo, izichumisi, imbewu, iinkqubo zamandla avuselelekayo, kunye nobuchwepheshe obunxulumene negesi. Okwesibini, iTurkmenistan inelifa lenkcubeko etyebileyo kunye nobugcisa bemveli obuxatyiswa kakhulu. Imisebenzi yezandla efana neekhaphethi kunye namalaphu enziwe ngamagcisa alapha ekhaya adumile kweli lizwe naphakathi kwabathengi bamanye amazwe. Ke ngoko, ukujonga amathuba okuthengisa ngaphandle ubugcisa bemveli obuvela eTurkmenistan kunokuba yinzuzo. Ngaphaya koko, kuqwalaselwe imozulu yaseTurkmenistan ebonisa ihlobo elishushu kakhulu elinemvula encinci kweminye imimandla. Iimveliso ezinxulumene nokugcinwa kwamanzi kunye neenkqubo zokunkcenkceshela zinokunceda ukuhlangabezana nale mfuno ikhethekileyo yemarike. Ukongeza, njengoko abantu baseTurkmen benobudlelwane befashoni, ukungenisa iimpahla zefashoni ezivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi okanye ukuseta iiyunithi zokwenziwa kwelaphu ngaphakathi kweTurkmenistan ngokwayo kunokuba lukhetho olusebenzayo lokwenza imali kolu khetho. Okokugqibela, ukwazi iintsingiselo zangoku zentengiso kwihlabathi jikelele kuya kuvumela abathengisi bangaphandle ukuba bazise iimveliso ezihamba phambili ezinokuthi zifumane ukuthandwa eTurkmenistan ngokunjalo, ezinjengeemveliso ezilungele indalo okanye izixhobo zetekhnoloji ezikrelekrele. Ukuqukumbela, xa ukhetha iimveliso zorhwebo zangaphandle kwiimarike zaseTurkenmistan, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iimfuno zabo zoqoqosho, ukhetho lwenkcubeko, kunye neendlela zamva nje ngelixa ungagxininisi kuphela kwiindawo zemveli ezifana nezolimo kodwa nokuhlola amathuba kumashishini asakhasayo anjengamandla avuselelekayo, imisebenzi yezandla. ishishini,ishishini lefashoni,iteknoloji yobuchule njl.njl
Iimpawu zabathengi kunye ne-taboo
I-Turkmenistan, ekuMbindi weAsia, lilizwe elineempawu ezizodwa zabathengi kunye ne-taboos. Ekuqondeni iprofayile yabathengi baseTurkmenistan, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela izinto ezifana nezithethe zenkcubeko, izithethe kunye neenqobo ezisemgangathweni. Abantu baseTurkmenistan bakuxabisa kakhulu ukuhlonelwa nokubuka iindwendwe. Xa udibana nabathengi baseTurkmen, kubalulekile ukubonisa imbeko kwaye ubabulise usebenzisa imibuliso efanelekileyo efana ne "salaam alaykum." Ukwakha ubudlelwane bobuqu kubalulekile kwimpumelelo yeshishini njengoko ukuthembana kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yabo yokuthatha izigqibo. Ngokwesimbo sonxibelelwano, ukungqaleka akunakusoloko kukhethwa. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe ulwimi lozakuzo ngelixa uqhuba iintlanganiso zoshishino okanye uthethathethwano. Ukunqanda ukuziphatha kakubi okanye ukulwa kuya kunceda ukugcina ubudlelwane obuhle kunye nabathengi abavela eTurkmenistan. Xa usenza ishishini eTurkmenistan, ukugcina ixesha kubalulekile. Ukufika emva kwexesha ngaphandle kwesaziso kwangaphambili kunokubonwa kakubi ngabathengi. Ukufika ngexesha kubonisa ukuba nobuchule kunye nentlonipho ngexesha lomntu ngamnye nendlela yakhe yokusebenza. Enye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyiqwalasele xa usebenzisana nabathengi baseTurkmen ziinkolelo zabo zonqulo. UbuSilamsi bugqugqisa kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi beli lizwe; Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele amasiko amaSilamsi kunye nezenzo xa ubandakanyeka kunxibelelwano lwezoshishino okanye iindibano zoluntu. Kumazwe amaninzi amaSilamsi kubandakanywa ukusetyenziswa kweTurkmenistan okanye ukukhonza utywala kunokuba yingxaki ngenxa yezithintelo zonqulo ekusetyenzisweni kotywala; kungoko kufuneka ithintelwe ngexesha lemisebenzi yoshishino ngaphandle kokuba inikezelwe ngokucacileyo ngumamkeli kuqala. Ngaphezu koko, ukuhlonela izithethe zasekuhlaleni ezinjengokugquma amagxa (kumabhinqa) nokukhulula izihlangu ngaphambi kokungena emakhayeni okanye kwiindawo zonqulo kuya kufak’ isandla kakhulu ekwakheni ubuhlobo obunokuthenjwa nabantu baseTurkmenistan. Ukuqukumbela, abathengi baseTurkmen bayayixabisa indlela yokuziphatha enentlonipho ehambelana nenkcubeko yabo. Kubalulekile ukuhlengahlengisa indlela osebenza ngayo ngelixa usenza ushishino kweli lizwe uqinisekisa ukuba uyawaqonda amasiko engingqi, ubonisa ubungcali, kwaye unike ingqalelo malunga nobuntununtunu benkolo obukhokelela kwizenzo kunye nokuziphatha kwakho.
Inkqubo yolawulo lweCustoms
I-Turkmenistan, ekuMbindi we-Asia, inemimiselo yayo yezithethe kunye nemilinganiselo yokulawula imida yayo. Ukuba uceba ukuya eTurkmenistan, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo omele uzigcine engqondweni malunga nenkqubo yokulawula izithethe zelizwe. Okokuqala, bonke abatyeleli kufuneka babe nencwadana yokundwendwela esemthethweni eneenyanga ezintandathu ezishiyekileyo zisemthethweni ukusukela kumhla wokungena eTurkmenistan. Iimfuno ze-visa zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwilizwe lakho lokuba ngummi, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba ujonge kwi-ambassy yaseTurkmen ekufutshane okanye i-consulate kwangaphambili. Xa ungena eTurkmenistan, kuya kufuneka ugcwalise ikhadi lokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe eliza kufakwa isitampu ligosa lokulawula umda. Kubalulekile ukuba eli khadi ligcinwe likhuselekile njengoko liya kufuneka ngalo lonke ixesha lokuhlala kwakho naxa uphuma elizweni. I-Turkmenistan ilawula ngokungqongqo ukungenisa kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwimida yayo. Izinto ezithile ezifana nemipu, iziyobisi, iimbumbulu kunye nephonografi azivumelekanga ukuba zingeniswe okanye zikhutshelwe ngaphandle kwelizwe. Ukongeza, iimveliso zezolimo kunye nezilwanyana zinokujongana nezithintelo okanye zifune iimvume ezikhethekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuba uziqhelanise nale migaqo ngaphambi kokungena okanye ukuphuma eTurkmenistan. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba amagosa ahlola izinto ezingenayo impahla eTurkmenistan anegunya elibanzi lokuzikhethela xa ehlola imithwalo nezinto zomntu kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya okanye kwiindawo zokunqumla umhlaba. Intsebenziswano nabasemagunyeni ngeli xesha lokuhlola ikhuthazwa kakhulu ukulungiselela inkqubo yokungena engenamagingxi-gingxi. Ngokwemigaqo yemali, abahambi kufuneka bachaze nayiphi na imali engaphezulu kwe-$10,000 USD xa befika eTurkmenistan. Ukungakwenzi oko kunokukhokelela ekuhluthweni kweemali. Kuya kuba luncedo kubakhenkethi abeza eTurkmenistan ngokunqumla umhlaba ukuze balindele ukulibaziseka okunokubakho ngenxa yokuhlolwa okubanzi kwamaxwebhu okwenziwa ngamagosa asemdeni. Lilonke, kuyafuneka ukuba abatyeleli abaya eTurkmenistan baziqhelanise neemfuno zabo ze-visa kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokungenisa/yokuthumela ngaphandle ebekwe ngabasemagunyeni beCustoms.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu
I-Turkmenistan lilizwe elikuMbindi we-Asiya nomgaqo-nkqubo wokurhafiswa owodwa wempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle. Ilizwe lijolise ekukhuseleni imizi-mveliso yasekhaya kunye nokukhuthaza ukuzimela ngokumisela irhafu ethile kwiimveliso ezivela kumazwe angaphandle. Imirhumo yokungenisa elizweni irhafiswa kwiimpahla ezahlukeneyo eziziswa eTurkmenistan zisuka kumazwe angaphandle. Isixa serhafu esibekiweyo sixhomekeke kubume kunye nexabiso lemveliso ethunyelwa ngaphandle, kunye nokuhlelwa kwayo phantsi kwemimiselo yezithethe zaseTurkmenistan. Ngokubanzi, imirhumo yokungenisa elizweni ibalwa ngokusekelwe kwixabiso le-CIF (Iindleko, i-Inshurensi, kunye noThutho) lwempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle. Oku kuquka iindleko zemveliso ngokwayo, naziphi na iintlawulo ze-inshorensi ezenziwe ngexesha lothutho, kunye neentlawulo zomthwalo wokuzisa eTurkmenistan. Amaxabiso amaxabiso ayohluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwentengiso ethunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle. Umzekelo, izinto eziyimfuneko zokutya ezinje ngeenkozo kunye neziqhamo zinexabiso eliphantsi lerhafu xa kuthelekiswa nezinto zodidi olufana ne-elektroniki okanye izithuthi. Ukongezelela, ezinye iimveliso zisenokungahlawuliswa irhafu ukuba ezi zinto zinegalelo kuphuhliso lwesizwe okanye ziyahlangabezana nemigaqo ebekwe ngurhulumente waseTurkmenistan. Kubalulekile ukuba abantu okanye amashishini angenisa iimpahla eTurkmenistan athobele yonke imimiselo efanelekileyo ukuphepha izohlwayo okanye ukulibaziseka kwiindawo zokuhlola izithethe. Amaxwebhu axhasayo anxulumene nemvelaphi kunye nokuhlelwa kwempahla kufuneka anikezelwe ngokuchanekileyo xa kubhengezwa izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ukuze abasemagunyeni berhafu bakwazi ukuvavanya ngokufanelekileyo iirhafu ezifanelekileyo. Umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu yelizwe laseTurkmenistan uxhomekeke ekutshintsheni ngamaxesha athile ngokusekelwe kwizinto eziphambili zikarhulumente ezijoliswe ekukhuliseni imveliso yasekhaya kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembela kwiimveliso zangaphandle. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle okanye abatyali-zimali abanokubakho eTurkmenistan bahlale benolwazi ngalo naluphi na uhlaziyo malunga neenkqubo zesithethe kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu ngaphambi kokwenza imisebenzi yorhwebo oluwela imida.
Iipolisi zerhafu ezithumela ngaphandle
I-Turkmenistan, ilizwe elikuMbindi we-Asiya elityebileyo ngemithombo yendalo neyaziwa ngoqoqosho lwayo olwahlukeneyo, isebenzisa umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle ukuze ilawule imisebenzi yayo yorhwebo. Ilizwe lirhafisa irhafu kwiindidi ezithile zeempahla ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle ukulawula ukuphuma kwezi zixhobo zixabisekileyo, ukuvuselela amashishini asekhaya kunye nokukhusela iimarike zobuchule. Enye inkalo ephambili yomgaqo-nkqubo werhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle kweTurkmenistan igxile kwicandelo lamandla. Ekubeni inikwe uvimba omkhulu werhasi yendalo, iTurkmenistan ixhomekeke kakhulu ekuthunyelweni kwerhasi njengomthombo omkhulu wengeniso. Ukukhuthaza ushishino lwengingqi kunye nokucokisa, urhulumente unyanzelisa irhafu ephezulu yokuthumela ngaphandle kwirhasi yendalo ekrwada xa kuthelekiswa nexabiso elongeziweyo leemveliso ezifana nerhasi yendalo engamanzi (LNG) okanye ezinye iifom ezicutshungulweyo. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo ujolise ekukhuthazeni utyalo-mali kwiziseko ezingundoqo zasekhaya kunye nokukhuthaza ukudalwa kwemisebenzi ngaphakathi kweTurkmenistan. Ngaphaya koko, icandelo lezolimo laseTurkmenistan likwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwayo. Urhulumente uyalixhasa eli candelo ngokuhlawulisa irhafu ethunyelwa ngaphandle kwezolimo ngaphandle kwemveliso yezolimo efana nomqhaphu nengqolowa. Ngokubonelela ngemigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo yerhafu yezinto zezolimo, iTurkmenistan izama ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokutya phakathi kwemida yayo ngoxa ivuselela amathuba okukhula kwamafama namashishini ezolimo. Ngaphandle kwamandla kunye nezolimo, amanye amacandelo aphantsi kolawulo lwerhafu ye-Turkmenistan yokuthumela ngaphandle. Umzekelo, iimveliso zepetroleum esulungekileyo zinokujongana nezinga eliphezulu lerhafu xa kuthelekiswa nokuthunyelwa kwe-oli ekrwada kumazwe angaphandle njengenkuthazo ekongezeni ixabiso ngeenkqubo zokucokisa ekhaya. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iinkcukacha ezithile malunga neerhafu zerhafu kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zinokwahluka ngokuhamba kwexesha ngenxa yokuguquguquka kweemeko zoqoqosho okanye utshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente. Lilonke, ngokuphunyezwa ngononophelo kweerhafu zokuthumela ngaphandle kumacandelo ngamacandelo afana nezamandla, ezolimo, nangaphaya; I-Turkmenistan ifuna ukulingana phakathi kokwandisa inzuzo yoqoqosho kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokukhusela amashishini asekhaya abalulekileyo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwexesha elide.
Iziqinisekiso ezifunekayo zokuthumela ngaphandle
I-Turkmenistan, ilizwe elikuMbindi we-Asiya elinomda weKazakhstan, i-Uzbekistan, i-Afghanistan, i-Iran, kunye noLwandle lweCaspian, ineemfuno ezininzi zesiqinisekiso sokuthumela ngaphandle kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo. Kwiimveliso zezolimo ezifana neziqhamo, imifuno, kunye nokutya ngokubanzi, abathengisi bangaphandle kufuneka bafumane iziqinisekiso eziyimfuneko ze-phytosanitary. Ezi ziqinisekiso ziqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla ziye zahlolwa kwaye azinazinambuzane okanye izifo ezinokulimaza icandelo lezolimo laseTurkmenistan. Kwimeko yeemveliso zezilwanyana ezifana nenyama okanye izinto zobisi ezilungiselelwe ukuthunyelwa eTurkmenistan, abathumeli bangaphandle kufuneka bathobele imimiselo yonyango lwezilwanyana. Kufuneka bafumane iziqinisekiso zempilo yezilwanyana eziqinisekisa ukuba izilwanyana bezisempilweni ngexesha lokuxhelwa okanye lokusengwa kwaye zalungiswa phantsi kweemeko zococeko. Xa uthumela i-textile okanye iimpahla zempahla eTurkmenistan, kubalulekile ukuthobela imigangatho yomgangatho. Abathumeli bangaphandle banokufunwa ukuba banike ubungqina bokuthotyelwa kweemfuneko ezithile zokhuseleko lwemveliso ngeengxelo zovavanyo okanye iziqinisekiso ezivela kwiilabhoratri ezivunyiweyo. Kwizixhobo zombane kunye neempahla zombane ezimiselwe ukuthengisa eTurkmenistan, ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yobugcisa kubalulekile. Abathumeli bangaphandle kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba iimveliso zabo ziyahlangabezana nokhuseleko kunye neendlela zomgangatho ezibekwe ngabasemagunyeni baseTurkmenistani. Kwezinye iimeko, ukufumana isatifikethi sokuzithandela sokuthobela kunokucetyiswa njengoko kubonisa ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo esebenzayo. Ukuthumela iimveliso zamayeza kwimarike yaseTurkmenistan kufuna isiqinisekiso esivela kumaqumrhu alawulayo kazwelonke aqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kweemfuneko zobhaliso lwamayeza. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ezi zizikhokelo nje jikelele malunga nesatifikethi sokuthumela ngaphandle eTurkmenistan. Iimfuno ezithile zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubume bempahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kunye nemithetho/imimiselo yalapha nangaliphi na ixesha. Ngoko ke kuyacetyiswa ukuba abathumeli bangaphandle baqhagamshelane neearhente zorhwebo zasekhaya okanye bafune iingcebiso zobuchwephesha ukuze bafumane ulwazi lwangoku ngeenkqubo zokukhutshwa kwesatifikethi sokuthumela ngaphandle eTurkmenistan.
Ulungiselelo lolungiselelo olucetyiswayo
I-Turkmenistan, ekuMbindi we-Asia, inika iingcebiso ezininzi malunga neenkonzo ezisebenzayo nezithembekileyo. Ngenxa yendawo elikuyo enobuchule kunye noqoqosho olukhula ngokukhawuleza, eli lizwe liye laba yindawo enqwenelekayo yorhwebo norhwebo. Nanga amanye amanqaku aphambili ekufuneka uwaqwalasele malunga nokhetho lolungiselelo lweTurkmenistan: 1. Izibuko: I-Turkmenistan ineezibuko ezininzi eziququzelela urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Izibuko laseTurkmenbashi lelona zibuko likhulu kweli lizwe kwaye lisebenza njengesango lokungena kummandla woLwandle lweCaspian. Inika unxibelelwano kumazwe ahlukeneyo afana neRashiya, i-Iran, iKazakhstan, neAzerbaijan. 2. Izikhululo zeenqwelomoya: Isikhululo seenqwelomoya saseAshgabat lelona sango liphambili lamazwe ngamazwe elingena eTurkmenistan. Ijongana neenqwelomoya zomthwalo kunye nabakhweli kunye neenqwelomoya ezinkulu ezisebenza rhoqo ngeenkonzo ezicwangcisiweyo. Esi sikhululo seenqwelomoya sidibanisa iTurkmenistan kunye nezixeko ezikulo lonke elaseYurophu, eAsia nakwamanye amazwekazi. 3. Uthungelwano lweendlela: ITurkmenistan izidla ngothungelwano lweendlela olubanzi oludibanisa izixeko ezikhulu zelizwe kunye namazwe angabamelwane afana neUzbekistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, namanye. Oohola bendlela abagcinwe kakuhle benza ukuthuthwa komhlaba kube yindlela esebenzayo yokuhamba kwempahla. 4. Uloliwe: Eli lizwe linenkqubo kaloliwe eyakhiwe kakuhle eyidibanisa namazwe aselumelwaneni anjenge-Iran, iAfghanistan/iRashiya (idlula iUzbekistan), iKazakhstan/iTajikistan (edlula eUzbekistan). Isiseko sikaloliwe siququzelela ukuhamba kakuhle kwempahla kuMbindi Asia. 5.Izivumelwano zorhwebo: Njengenxalenye yeenzame zentsebenziswano zommandla kuMbindi Asia, ilizwe lizibandakanye ngokukhutheleyo kwizivumelwano zorhwebo ezahlukeneyo eziquka i-Eurasian Economic Union ebonelela ngokufikelela ngokukhethekileyo kwiimarike kule bloc yezoqoqosho.Ukongezelela, iBelt and Road Initiative(BRI) iye yavuselela uphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo, okubangele uqhagamshelo oluphuculweyo phakathi kweTshayina, iTurkmentisan, kunye namanye amazwe asecaleni kwale ndlela. Iinkampani ze-6.Logistics: Inani leenkampani zalapha ekhaya zisebenza ngaphakathi kweTurkmeinastan, njengeTurkmen Logistics Company, iTurkmenawtology,, Adam Tumlarm, AWTO Avtobaza, kunye noDeniz ULUSLARARASI.I-Niftel Logistics ngomnye umdlali obalaseleyo obonelela ngezisombululo zolungiselelo oludibeneyo kubandakanya ezothutho, iwarehous ukucocwa kweenkonzo, kunye nokuhanjiswa kweenkonzo ngaphakathi elizweni. 7. Isakhelo solawulo: I-Turkmenistan iphumeze uhlaziyo lokuphucula imeko-bume yoshishino kunye neziseko zolungiselelo. Urhulumente unikezela ngenkqubo-sikhokelo yolawulo efanelekileyo ukutsala utyalo-mali lwangaphandle kwicandelo lolungiselelo. Ikwakhuthaza ukwenziwa kwedijithali kunye nokwenza lula iinkqubo zesiqhelo ukuququzelela ukuhamba kwempahla ngokukhawuleza. Ukuqukumbela, iTurkmenistan ibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezisebenzayo kunye nezikhululo zolwandle eziqhagamshelwe kakuhle, izikhululo zeenqwelo moya, uthungelwano lwendlela, kunye neziseko zoncedo zikaloliwe. Yandisa ukufikeleleka kwayo.Uphuculo lolawulo lukwanegalelo ekudaleni imeko-bume encomekayo yokuqhuba ushishino, olu lwazi kufuneka likuncede uqonde i-Turkmenistans geography yenza i-Logistic standpoint.
Imijelo yophuhliso lwabathengi

Imiboniso yorhwebo ebalulekileyo

I-Turkmenistan lilizwe elikuMbindi we-Asiya kwaye ibambe ukubaluleka okubalulekileyo njengemarike evelayo yokuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe ngamazwe kunye nophuhliso loshishino. Indawo ecwangcisiweyo yelizwe, ubutyebi bendalo obuninzi, kunye noqoqosho olukhulayo ludala amathuba okuba abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe bahlole iindlela ezahlukeneyo zoshishino. Nanga amanye amajelo abalulekileyo okuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe ngamazwe kunye nemiboniso eTurkmenistan: 1. Imijelo yokuThenga yeHlabathi: a) Ukuthengwa kukaRhulumente: I-Turkmenistan inenkqubo yokuthengwa kwempahla esembindini apho urhulumente aqalisa iithenda kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo kumacandelo afana nokwakha, amandla, ezothutho, ezolimo, kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo. Iinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zinokuthatha inxaxheba kwezi thenda ngokwenza intsebenziswano neefemu zasekuhlaleni okanye zibhalise ngokuthe ngqo. b) Amaqonga okuthengwa kwempahla ngekhompyutha: I-State Commodity and Raw Materials Exchange yaseTurkmenistan isebenzisa iqonga lokuthenga ngekhompyutha elibizwa ngokuba yi-"Altyn Asyr," elibonelela ngokufikelela kwiifandesi kunye neethenda kuwo wonke amashishini awohlukeneyo. Abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe banokubhalisa kweli qonga ukuze bahlolisise amathuba okuthenga. c) Uthethathethwano oluthe ngqo: Ukuseka unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo nabanokuba ngababoneleli okanye abasasazi ngemishini yorhwebo, imibutho yoshishino, okanye imisitho yothungelwano inokuba yindlela esebenzayo yokuphuhlisa intsebenziswano eTurkmenistan. 2. Imiboniso: a) I-Türkmenhaly (iKhaphethi yaseTurkmen): Lo mboniso ubonisa iikhaphethi zaseTurkmen ezidume kwihlabathi jikelele ezaziwa ngoyilo nobuchwephesha bazo. Ibonelela ngeqonga kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ukuba baqhagamshelane nabavelisi bekhaphethi balapha ekhaya, ababoneleli, kunye nabathumela ngaphandle. b) I-Türkmengaz (iNkongolo yeGesi yaseTurkmen): Ibanjwa rhoqo ngonyaka e-Ashgabat, lo mboniso ugxile kwishishini le-oyile negesi ye-Turkemnistan. Ibonelela ngamathuba kwiinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ezibandakanyekayo kuphononongo kunye nobugcisa bemveliso, ukuveliswa kwezixhobo, iinkonzo zokwakhiwa kwemibhobho njl.njl., ukunxulumana nabachaphazelekayo basekhaya. c) TAZE AWAZ-Amazwi Atsha: Lo mnyhadala wobugcisa beli xesha ubanjwa minyaka le utsala abantu abathanda ubugcisa kwihlabathi jikelele befuna umsebenzi wobugcisa owodwa owenziwe ngamagcisa anetalente avela eTurkemnistan. Abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe banokuphonononga ukuthenga iziqwenga zobugcisa boqobo kwaye bazibandakanye namagcisa asekhaya ngentsebenziswano enokubakho. d) Ingqungquthela ye-TAPI (Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India Pipeline): Lo msitho uqaqambisa uphuhliso olunxulumene neprojekthi yombhobho we-TAPI, ejonge ukuthutha igesi yendalo ukusuka eTurkmenistan ukuya e-Afghanistan, ePakistan naseIndiya. Iinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ezibandakanyeka kulwakhiwo, ubunjineli, kunye neenkonzo ezinxulumene nazo zinokuthatha inxaxheba kule ngqungquthela yokuphonononga amathuba oshishino avela kule projekthi inkulu. Le yimizekelo nje embalwa yamajelo abalulekileyo okuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe ngamazwe kunye nemiboniso eTurkmenistan. Urhulumente welizwe uyalwamkela utyalo-mali lwamazwe angaphandle kwaye ufuna intsebenziswano ngokukhutheleyo namashishini ehlabathi kumacandelo amaninzi. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile kubathengi behlabathi ukuba bahlale behlaziywa kwimisitho yorhwebo efanelekileyo kwaye batyale ixesha lokwakha ubudlelwane nabachaphazelekayo basekhaya kumashishini ayimpumelelo eTurkemnistan.
ETurkmenistan, iinjini zokukhangela ezidumileyo ezisetyenziswa ngabantu ziquka: 1. UGoogle: UGoogle yeyona njini yokukhangela isetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye ikwadumile eTurkmenistan. Ibonelela ngeziphumo zophendlo ezibanzi kunye neenkonzo ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-imeyile, iimephu, kunye nenguqulelo. Idilesi yewebhu kaGoogle ithi www.google.com. 2. Yandex: Yandex yinjini yokukhangela yaseRashiya ekwabonelela ngeenkonzo eTurkmenistan. Inika iziphumo zophendlo zasekuhlaleni kwaye ineempawu ezifana nemifanekiso, iividiyo, iindaba, kunye neemephu. Idilesi yewebhu yeYandex ithi www.yandex.com. 3. I-Bing: I-Bing yinjini yokukhangela ephuhliswe nguMicrosoft ebonelela ngembono eyahlukileyo kwiziphumo zophendlo xa kuthelekiswa namanye amaqonga. Ibonelela ngokhangelo lwemifanekiso kunye nevidiyo kunye nohlaziyo lweendaba ngecandelo lephepha lasekhaya. Idilesi yewebhu ye-Bing ithi www.bing.com. 4. I-Mail.ru: I-Mail.ru ayiboneleli kuphela ngeenkonzo ze-imeyile kodwa iphinda ifake i-injini yokukhangela enamandla efana nezinye iiplatifomu ezikhankanywe ngaphambili-ukubonisa iintengiso ezinomxholo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kweemveliso zayo zamahhala ezifana neebhokisi zeposi okanye iinethiwekhi zentlalo (njenge-Odnoklassniki). Idilesi yewebhu ye-Mail.ru ithi www.mail.ru. I-5 Rambler: I-Rambler isebenza njengesayithi ye-portal enikezela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zomxholo ezifana neendaba, iividiyo, imidlalo, inkonzo ye-imeyile ngelixa isebenza njengoluhlu lwe-intanethi kunye noPhando lwe-Rambler oluzinikeleyo olubekwe ku-www.rambler.ru/search/. I-6 Sputnik: Ukukhangela kwe-Sputnik kugxininise kakhulu kwiisayithi zolwimi lwesiRashiya kodwa kusavumela ukukhangela ngaphakathi kwemithombo yehlabathi usebenzisa amagama angundoqo kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo kuquka isiNgesi okanye isiTurkmen ukuba kuyimfuneko ngaphakathi kweqonga elifanayo elifikelelekayo nge-sputniknews.com/search/. Kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuba ezi zezinye zeenjini zokukhangela eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa eTurkmenistan; nangona kunjalo, uGoogle uhlala elawula kakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi ngenxa yoluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo kunye nesakhono kwiilwimi ezininzi.

Amaphepha amakhulu atyheli

E-Turkmenistan, awona maphepha amthubi aphambili aneewebhusayithi ezahlukeneyo kunye nezalathisi ezinokufikelelwa kuluhlu lwamashishini, iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano, kunye nezinye iinkonzo. Nanga amanye amaphepha aphambili atyheli eTurkmenistan kunye neewebhusayithi zabo: 1. Yellow Pages Turkmenistan - Uluhlu olubanzi loluhlu lwamashishini oluququzelelwe ngokweendidi. Iwebhusayithi: www.yellowpages.tm 2. ISikhokelo soShishino-Iqonga elinamashishini kumashishini ahlukeneyo afana nezolimo, ulwakhiwo, ukuthengisa, nokunye. Iwebhusayithi: www.business.gov.tm 3. InfoTurkmen - Uluhlu lweshishini lwe-intanethi olunikezela ngolwazi kwiinkampani ezisebenza eTurkmenistan kumacandelo ahlukeneyo. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.infoturkmen.com 4. I-TradeTurkmen-Iwebhusayithi ezinikele ekukhuthazeni amathuba orhwebo ngaphakathi kweTurkmenistan kunye nokudibanisa amashishini apha ekhaya nakwihlabathi jikelele. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.tradeturkmen.com 5. Uluhlu loShishino lwaMazwe ngaMazwe-Ibonelela ngoluhlu lweenkampani ezibandakanyeka kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ezigxile ekudibaniseni amashishini kwihlabathi jikelele. iwebhusayithi: www.international-business-directory.com/turkmenistan/ La maphepha atyheli asebenza njengemithombo yabantu okanye imibutho efuna iinkonzo ezithile okanye ejonge ukuseka unxibelelwano lweshishini ngaphakathi kweTurkmentistan. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukufumaneka kunye nokufikeleleka kwezi zibonelelo kunokwahluka ngokuhamba kwexesha ngenxa yotshintsho kumaqonga e-intanethi okanye imimiselo ejongene nelizwe elithile malunga nokufikelela kwi-intanethi. Ke ngoko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqinisekise ubunyani kunye nokuthembeka kwewebhusayithi ngaphambi kokuba uthembele kuphela kulwazi olunikiweyo.

Amaqonga amakhulu orhwebo

I-Turkmenistan, ilizwe elikuMbindi we-Asiya, izidla ngokuba necandelo le-e-commerce elikhulayo. Ngelixa ukufikelela kweli lizwe kwi-intanethi kulinganiselwe xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izizwe, kusekho amaqonga e-e-commerce abonakalayo asebenza ngaphakathi eTurkmenistan. Nazi ezinye zezona ziphambili kunye nee-URL zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. IMarike yeSilk Road ye-Intanethi (www.silkroadonline.com.tm): Iqonga lee-commerce elibalaseleyo eTurkmenistan, iSilk Road Online Market ibonelela ngeemveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkonzo ukusuka kwizinto zombane kunye nempahla ukuya kwizixhobo zasekhaya kunye nezinto zegrosari. Ibonelela ngamava afanelekileyo okuthenga kwi-Intanethi kubathengi baseTurkmen. 2. I-YerKez (www.yerkez.com): I-YerKez lelinye iqonga le-e-commerce elidumileyo e-Turkmenistan eligxile ekudibaniseni abathengisi bendawo kunye nabathengi kwilizwe liphela. Inika uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso ezifana nezinto zefashoni, izinto zombane, iimpahla zendlu, kunye nokunye. 3. Taze Ay-Gara Gözel (www.garagozel.tm): Taze Ay-Gara Gözel yindawo yentengiso ekwi-intanethi egxile ekuthengiseni amalaphu enziwe ngesandla enziwe ngezandla zemveli zaseTurkmen kunye nobuchule. Eli qonga lixhasa amagcisa asekuhlaleni ngokubabonelela ngendlela yokuthengisa iimveliso zabo ezizodwa ezenziwe ngezandla kumazwe ngamazwe. 4. IZiko loRhwebo le-TM (www.tmtradecenter.com): IZiko loRhwebo le-TM lisebenza njengeqonga lokurhweba kwishishini (B2B) e-e-commerce e-Turkmenistan, ikakhulu libonelela abathengisi kunye nabasasazo abafuna amathuba orhwebo ngaphakathi elizweni. 5. I-OpenMarket.tm (www.openmarket.tm): I-OpenMarket.tm isebenza njengendawo yokuthengisa ekwi-intanethi apho amashishini anokubonelela ngeemveliso okanye iinkonzo zawo ngokuthe ngqo kubathengi kulo lonke elaseTurkmenistan. Ifaka iindidi ezahlukeneyo njengefashoni, i-elektroniki, iincwadi, iimveliso zobuhle, njl. Nceda uqaphele ukuba nangona la maqonga ngabadlali abaphambili kwishishini le-e-commerce laseTurkmensitan okwangoku; nangona kunjalo kuxhomekeke kuphuhliso lwexesha elizayo okanye utshintsho kububulumko ukuhlala uhlaziywa ngemithombo yasekhaya xa ujonga amathuba e-e-commerce kweli lizwe.

Amaqonga amakhulu eendaba zoluntu

ETurkmenistan, njengakwamanye amazwe amaninzi, abantu basebenzisa amaqonga eendaba ezentlalo ezahlukeneyo ukunxibelelana kunye nokunxibelelana nabanye. Nazi ezinye iisayithi zonxibelelwano ezidumileyo eTurkmenistan: 1. I-Odnoklassniki: Le yinethiwekhi yoluntu edumileyo yaseRashiya esetyenziswa kakhulu eTurkmenistan. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba baqhagamshelane kwakhona nabafunda nabo abadala kunye nabahlobo, babelane ngeefoto kunye nohlaziyo, bajoyine amaqela, kwaye badlale imidlalo. umthombo: https://www.odnoklassniki.ru/ 2. I-Facebook: Nangona iphantsi kwezithintelo ngurhulumente, uFacebook usasetyenziswa kakhulu eTurkmenistan ngokuhlala unxibelelene nosapho kunye nabahlobo abavela kwihlabathi liphela. Abasebenzisi banokwabelana ngezithuba, iifoto / iividiyo, bajoyine amaqela / amaphepha, kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kwiingxoxo. umthombo: https://www.facebook.com/ 3. Instagram: I-Instagram liqonga lokwabelana ngefoto eliye lafumana ukuthandwa kwihlabathi liphela kubandakanya neTurkmenistan. Abasebenzisi banokufaka iifoto / iividiyo, balandele iiakhawunti zabanye, njenge / banike izimvo kwizithuba, kwaye basebenzise izihluzi ezahlukeneyo zokuphucula imifanekiso yabo. umthombo: https://www.instagram.com/ 4.Twitter: I-Twitter yisayithi ye-microblogging evumela abasebenzisi ukuba bathumele imiyalezo emifutshane ebizwa ngokuba zii-tweets ezinokubandakanya umbhalo okanye umxholo wemultimedia. //twitter.com/ 5.ITelegram:ITelegram sisixhobo sokuthumela umyalezo ngoko nangoko esibonelela ngemiyalezo ekhawulezayo, elula, nekhuselekileyo. imiyalezo, ukwabelana ngeefayile, kunye nokunye.IiPodcast, iiblogs, izikhululo zeendaba ezininzi zikwasebenzisa amajelo eTelegram njengeqonga lokusasaza ulwazi.Iwebhusayithi: https://telegram.org/ 6.Vkontakte(VK):Enye indawo yenethiwekhi yoluntu esekwe eRussia,iVkontakte(VK) ifumene ukuthandwa phakathi kwabasebenzisi baseTurkmenistani.Isiza sivumela abasebenzisi ukukhangela abahlobo,balandele abantu abadumileyo,iibhendi zomculo/imidlalo,imibutho yesisa, nokunye.Abasebenzisi banokutshintshiselana ngemiyalezo, babelane ngeefoto/iividiyo, kwaye bazibandakanye noluntu.Iwebhusayithi:http://www.vk.com/ Nceda uqaphele ukuba ubukho kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamaqonga eendaba ezentlalo eTurkmenistan kunokuxhomekeka kwimithetho kunye nezithintelo zikarhulumente. Ke ngoko, ukufikelela kunye nokusebenza kwala maqonga kunokwahluka. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukhuseleko lwe-intanethi kunye nobumfihlo ngelixa usebenzisa la maqonga.

Imibutho emikhulu yoshishino

ITurkmenistan lilizwe elikuMbindi Asia. Inoqoqosho olwahlukeneyo, kunye nemizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo enegalelo kuphuhliso lwayo. Nantsi eminye yemibutho ephambili yoshishino eTurkmenistan: 1. IManyano yoosomashishini kunye nooSomashishini baseTurkmenistan (UIET): Lo mbutho umele umdla wamashishini emizi-mveliso, oosomashishini, kunye nabanini bamashishini eTurkmenistan. Iwebhusayithi yabo ithi: www.tpp-tm.org 2. I-Chamber of Commerce and Industry: I-Chamber ikhuthaza urhwebo, utyalo-mali, kunye nentsebenziswano yezoqoqosho ngaphakathi kweTurkmenistan nakwamanye amazwe. Ixhasa amashishini ngokubonelela ngolwazi, ngokuququzelela amathuba othungelwano, kunye nokumela umdla wabo kwabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo. Iwebhusayithi yabo ithi: www.cci.tj 3. IiNkampani zoShishino lweZixhobo zoKwakha zoMdibaniso: Lo mbutho udibanisa iinkampani ezibandakanyekayo kwimveliso yemathiriyeli yokwakha, kuquka imizi-mveliso yesamente kunye nabanye ababoneleli ngemathiriyeli yokwakha. 4. Umbutho wabavelisi be-oyile negesi: Njengecandelo elibalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwelizwe, lo mbutho umele abavelisi be-oyile kunye negesi abasebenza ngaphakathi kweTurkmenistan. 5. Umbutho woShishino lweTekhnoloji yoLwazi: Ngokugxila ekukhuthazeni ukuqhubela phambili kobuchwephesha ngaphakathi elizweni, lo mbutho umele iinkampani ze-IT kunye neengcali ezithatha inxaxheba kuphuhliso lwesoftware, ukwenziwa kwehardware, iinkonzo zonxibelelwano. 6.Automobile Industry Association : Lo mbutho umele abavelisi beemoto, abasasazi, ababoneleli, iifektri njl. Le mibutho idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqhubeleni phambili amashishini abo ngokubonelela ngeenkonzo zenkxaso ezifana nokuxhasa imigaqo-nkqubo encomekayo, amathuba othungelwano, iinkqubo zoqeqesho, kunye nolwazi lokufikelela kwiimarike kumalungu. ,ukukhulisa ukukhula, ukwenza imizamo edibeneyo ekuphuhliseni uphuhliso oluzinzileyo.Ngoko ungasebenzisa ezi webhusayithi njengemithombo yereferensi yokuhlola ngakumbi kumacandelo athile okanye iinkampani ezinxulumene nezo zikhankanyiweyo.Ngokubalulekileyo, ndikukhuthaza ukuba undwendwele iiwebhusayithi zabo ngokuthe ngqo usebenzisa iinjini zokukhangela ezihlaziyiweyo njenge URL ngamanye amaxesha. zenze utshintsho ekuhambeni kwexesha.Kuya kuba luncedo ukuba ujonga le webhusayithi yemibutho eya kukunceda ufumane ulwazi olubanzi malunga nemisebenzi yabo, amalinge, kunye neemfuno zobulungu.

Iiwebhusayithi zeshishini kunye norhwebo

ITurkmenistan lilizwe elikuMbindi weAsia, elidume ngobutyebi balo bendalo kunye noqoqosho olukhulayo. Ngezantsi ezinye zeewebhusayithi ezibalulekileyo ezinxulumene norhwebo kunye noqoqosho lwayo: 1. UMphathiswa Wemicimbi Yangaphandle yaseTurkmenistan: Le webhsayithi esemthethweni ibonelela ngolwazi malunga nomgaqo-nkqubo welizwe wangaphandle, amathuba otyalo-mali kunye nemigaqo yorhwebo. umthombo: https://mfa.gov.tm/en/ 2. IManyano yoShishino kunye nooSomashishini (UIET) baseTurkmenistan: Lo mbutho umele umdla wamashishini asekuhlaleni kwaye ukhuthaze ukukhula koqoqosho ngamaphulo ahlukeneyo. umthombo: http://tstb.gov.tm/ 3. Iziko leSizwe loBume beMigangatho kunye neMetrology (NISM): I-NISM iqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokulawula umgangatho kumashishini aseTurkmenistan ngokuphuhlisa imimiselo yobugcisa. Iwebhusayithi http://www.turkmenstandartlary.gov.tm/en 4. INkonzo kaRhulumente yoKhuseleko, ukulawulwa kweMisebenzi yokuThunyela kwamanye amazwe kunye nokuCwangciswa kweRhafu (IMITHETHO): I-CUSTOMS inoxanduva lokuququzelela urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngokulawula iinkqubo zesithethe. umthombo: http://customs.gov.tm/en/ 5. I-Chamber of Commerce and Industry (CCI) yaseTurkmenistan: Lo mbutho uxhasa uphuhliso loshishino, uququzelela intsebenziswano neenkampani zamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye unikezela ngolwazi oluluncedo lwemarike. umthombo: https://cci.gov.tm/ 6. I-State Commodity Exchange "TURKMENISTAN MERCANTILE EXCHANGE" (Turkmen Konuň Önümçilikleri Beýleki Gossaglyla Girýän Ederji Ýereşdirmesi): Utshintshiselwano lwempahla yelizwe luvumela ukurhweba kwiimpahla ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya iimveliso zeoli, iingubo, imveliso yezolimo, njl. umthombo: http://www.tme.org.tm/eng 7.I-Arhente yoTyalo-mali yaseTurkmen-Iqumrhu likarhulumente elizinikele ekutsaleni utyalo-mali oluthe ngqo lwangaphandle eTurkemnistan: iwebhusayithi:http//:investturkmerm.com Ezi webhusayithi ziya kukunika ulwazi olubanzi ngoqoqosho lwaseTurkmenistan, imimiselo yorhwebo, amathuba otyalo-mali, kunye nezinye izihloko ezifanelekileyo.

Iiwebhusayithi zemibuzo yedatha yorhwebo

Kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi zophando lwedatha ekhoyo eTurkmenistan. Nalu uluhlu lwabanye babo kunye nee-URL zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. I-Eurostat - i-Eurostat inikezela ngeenkcukacha manani kwintengiso yangaphandle kwi-European Union kunye namazwe ngamanye, kuquka iTurkmenistan. I-URL: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/international-trade-in-goods/data/main-tables 2. Imephu yoRhwebo-Le webhusayithi ibonelela ngeenkcukacha-manani zorhwebo kunye nolwazi lokufikelela kwimarike kumazwe ahlukeneyo, kuquka neTurkmenistan. URL: https://www.trademap.org/Country_SelProduct.aspx?nvpm=1|||||186||exports&grf_code=8545 3. I-World Bank WITS (i-World Integrated Trade Solution) - I-WITS ibonelela ngofikelelo kurhwebo lwezorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, intlawulo, kunye nemilinganiselo yokungahlawulisi (NTM) idatha. URL: https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/country/TMK/startyear/2000/endyear/2019/tradeflow/Imports-and-Exports/reporter/all/partner/all/product/home 4. Uvimba weeNkcukacha we-COMTRADE weZizwe eziManyeneyo - Uvimba weenkcukacha-manani woRhwebo loRhwebo unikezela ngeenkcukacha zokungenisa/ukuthumela ngaphandle ngokwelizwe kunye nodidi lwemveliso. URL: https://comtrade.un.org/data/ 5. I-CIA World Factbook - Ngaphandle kolwazi lwelizwe ngokubanzi, i-CIA World Factbook ikwabonelela ngeenkcukacha-manani eziphambili ezinxulumene norhwebo e-Turkmenistan. I-URL: https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkmenistan/#economy Nceda uqaphele ukuba ukufikelela koovimba beenkcukacha ezithile okanye iinkcukacha kunokufuna ubulungu okanye intlawulo kwezinye iimeko. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uphonononge ezi webhusayithi ukufumana idatha ethile yorhwebo oyifunayo enxulumene neTurkmenistan.

amaqonga B2b

I-Turkmenistan, ilizwe elikuMbindi we-Asiya, linamaqonga amaninzi e-B2B aququzelela imisebenzi yoshishino ukuya kushishino. La maqonga abonelela ngamathuba okuba amashishini aqhagamshelane, arhwebe kwaye asebenzisane omnye nomnye. Nanga amanye amaqonga eB2B eTurkmenistan kunye neeURL zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. Ishishini laseTurkmen: Eli qonga lijolise ekukhuthazeni amathuba oshishino eTurkmenistan ngokudibanisa ababoneleli basekhaya kunye nabathumela ngaphandle kunye nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. Iwebhusayithi: www.turkmenbusiness.org 2. Iziko loRhwebo loMbindi weAsia (CATC): I-CATC yindawo yemarike ye-intanethi eyenza ukuba amashishini arhwebe ngeemveliso kunye neenkonzo ngaphakathi kweTurkmenistan nakwamanye amazwe akuMbindi Asia. umthombo: www.catc.asia 3. I-AlemSapar: I-AlemSapar ibonelela ngendawo yokuthengisa yedijithali apho ababoneleli banokubonisa iimveliso zabo ngelixa abathengi banokukhangela kwaye bafumane iimpahla ezahlukeneyo ezivela eTurkmenistan. iwebhusayithi: www.alemsapar.com 4. I-MarketTurkmenistan: Eli qonga linceda amashishini ekufumaneni amaqabane oshishino oluhlangeneyo, iinkonzo zokuthumela ngaphandle, ukudluliselwa kweteknoloji, iiprojekthi zotyalo-mali, kunye nokunye kwimarike yaseTurkmenistan. Iwebhusayithi: www.market-turkmen.biz I-5.Hi-Tm-Biznes (Hi-TM-Business): I-Hi-TM-Biznes ibonelela ngeqonga koosomashishini noosomashishini ukuba banxibelelane kwaye baphonononge ubuhlakani obunokubakho boshishino ngaphakathi kwelizwe laseTurkemnistan. umthombo: http://www.hi-tm-biznes.gov.tm/ La maqonga e-B2B abonelela ngeemveliso ezahlukeneyo ezifana nezolimo, amalaphu, izixhobo zokwakha, oomatshini kunye neenkonzo zerenti yezixhobo ngelixa eququzelela unxibelelwano phakathi kwabavelisi basekhaya/abathumela ngaphandle kunye nabathengi/abatyali-mali bamanye amazwe. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ubukho okanye ukusebenza kakuhle kwala maqonga kunokwahluka ngokuhamba kwexesha; ke ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba wenze uphando olucokisekileyo okanye uqhagamshelane nemithombo yengingqi ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluhlaziyiweyo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa naliphi na iqonga leB2B elithile eTurkmensitan.
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