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Okulaba Ensi
Iraq, emanyiddwa mu butongole nga Republic of Iraq, nsi esangibwa mu maserengeta ga Asia. Egabana ensalo zaayo n’amawanga agawerako omuli Turkey mu bukiikakkono, Iran mu buvanjuba, Kuwait ne Saudi Arabia mu bugwanjuba, Jordan mu bukiikaddyo bw’amaserengeta, ne Syria mu maserengeta. Ng’abantu babalirirwamu abantu abasukka mu bukadde 40, Iraq ggwanga lya njawulo era nga lirimu eby’obuwangwa bingi. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Iraq ye Baghdad, ekola ng’ekifo ekikulu eky’ebyobufuzi n’ebyenfuna mu ggwanga lino. Oluwarabu lumanyiddwa ng’olulimi olutongole mu Iraq ate Olukurdi nalyo lirina ekifo ekitongole mu Kurdistan Region. Bannansi ba Iraq abasinga obungi bagoberera Obusiraamu era bukola kinene mu kukola obuwangwa bwabwe n’engeri y’obulamu bwabwe. Mu byafaayo Iraq ebadde etwalibwa nga Mesopotamia oba ‘ettaka eriri wakati w’emigga ebiri’ olw’ekifo ekirungi kyayo wakati w’emigga Tigris ne Fulaati. Emigga gyombi gikoze kinene nnyo mu kukola ekitongole ky’ebyobulimi mu Iraq nga giwa ettaka eggimu eri ennima ey’ekinnansi. Okukola amafuta kikola ekitundu kinene mu by’enfuna bya Iraq ng’erina ebitereke bingi ekigifuula emu ku nsi ezisinga okufulumya amafuta. Ng’oggyeeko amakolero agakwata ku mafuta ng’amakolero agalongoosa amafuta oba amakolero g’amafuta, ebitundu ebirala ng’ebyobulimi (eŋŋaano, mwanyi), okuggya ggaasi ow’obutonde (nga biri wamu n’ebifo eby’amafuta), abalambuzi abagenda mu bifo eby’edda (nga Babulooni oba Hatra) biyamba mu kuyingiza ssente z’eggwanga. Wabula obutali butebenkevu mu byobufuzi obuva ku butakkaanya obumaze emyaka mingi buleetedde Iraq okusoomoozebwa okw’enjawulo ng’effujjo okuva mu bibinja by’abayeekera n’okusika omuguwa kw’ebibiina wakati w’Abasunni n’Abashia. Ensonga zino ziremesezza kaweefube w’okutumbula ebyenfuna ate nga zikosa enkolagana y’abantu mu mawanga ag’enjawulo agabeera mu nsalo za Iraq. Kaweefube akolebwa ebitongole bya gavumenti z’amawanga byombi nga bawagirwa ebibiina by’ensi yonna okuddamu okuzimba ebikozesebwa ebyasaanawo mu ntalo wamu n’okutumbula enteekateeka z’okuzimba emirembe okusobola okutebenkera okumala ebbanga eddene. Mu kumaliriza, Iraq ggwanga lya mawanga ag’enjawulo erigagga mu byafaayo erisangibwa munda mu maserengeta ga Asia. Wadde nga eyolekedde okusoomoozebwa okuva mu butakkaanya obwayita, ekyagenda mu maaso n’okufuba okutumbula ebyenfuna, okukuuma obuwangwa, n’obumu bw’amawanga.
Ssente z’eggwanga
Embeera y’ensimbi mu Iraq emanyiddwa olw’okukozesa ennyo dinaali ya Iraq (IQD). Dinaali ya Iraq ye ssente entongole eya Iraq, eyatongozebwa mu 1932 okudda mu kifo kya Rupee ya Buyindi nga Iraq efunye obwetwaze. Akabonero ka dinali kali "د.ع" oba "IQD" yokka. Bbanka enkulu eya Iraq emanyiddwa nga Central Bank of Iraq (CBI) ekola kinene nnyo mu kuddukanya n’okulungamya ssente z’eggwanga lino. CBI efulumya era n’efuga omuwendo gwa dinaali za Iraq, okulaba ng’enkola yaayo ey’ebyensimbi ebeerawo. Wabula okuva lwe yatandikibwawo, dinali ya Iraq ebadde n’enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu muwendo olw’ensonga ez’enjawulo ez’ebyenfuna n’ebyobufuzi ezikosa Iraq. Mu byafaayo, mu biseera eby’obukuubagano oba obutali butebenkevu mu byobufuzi, wabaddewo okukendeera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okunene okuvaako ebbeeyi y’ebintu okulinnya ennyo. Mu kiseera kino, nga 1 USD yenkana around 1,450 IQD. Omuwendo guno ogw’ensimbi gusigadde nga tegukyukakyuka mu myaka egiyise nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono mu mbeera eya bulijjo. Okusobola okwanguyiza enkolagana y’ensimbi n’okutumbula enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu katale k’omunda mu Iraq, ssente ez’enjawulo zikozesebwa okuwandiika ssente: 50 IQD, 250 IQD, 500 IQD, . 1000 IQD,n’ebirala okutuuka ku ssente eza waggulu omuli n’akapande akaatongozebwa gye buvuddeko akabalirirwamu 50k (50 thousand) IQD. Enkolagana y’obusuubuzi bw’ebweru okusinga yeesigamye ku ddoola za Amerika oba ssente endala ennene ez’ensi yonna okuva obutali bukakafu ku by’okwerinda n’obutebenkevu bwe bukyagenda mu maaso n’okukosa obwesige bwa bamusigansimbi mu kukozesa ssente za wano mu nkolagana ennene. Mu kumaliriza, wadde nga Iraq ekozesa ssente zaayo ez’eggwanga —dinaali ya Iraq —okukola emirimu egy’omunda mu ggwanga buli lunaku wansi w’emiwendo gy’ensimbi egy’enjawulo mu kiseera kino nga gikwatagana n’ensimbi ennene ez’ensi yonna nga USD; okwesigamira ku nsimbi z’ebweru kwe kusinga okukola emirimu gya bizinensi ennene olw’okweraliikirira okwetoolodde okukyukakyuka kw’ebyenfuna n’obutali butebenkevu mu by’obufuzi.
Omuwendo gw’ensimbi
Ssente entongole mu Iraq ye Dinari ya Iraq (IQD). Ku miwendo gy’ensimbi ezibalirirwamu n’ensimbi ennene ez’ensi yonna, wano waliwo ebibalo ebiraga okutuuka mu August 2021: 1 USD ≈ 1,460 IQD 1 EUR ≈ 1,730 IQD 1 GBP ≈ 2,010 IQD 1 JPY ≈ 13.5 IQD 1 CNY ≈ 225.5 IQD Nsaba omanye nti emiwendo gino egy’okuwanyisiganya ssente giyinza okwawukana era kirungi okukebera n’ensonda eyesigika oba ekitongole ky’ebyensimbi okumanya emiwendo egy’omulembe.
Ennaku enkulu enkulu
Iraq nsi ya njawulo era erimu eby’obuwangwa era ekuza ennaku enkulu eziwerako omwaka gwonna. Ekimu ku bikujjuko ebisinga obukulu mu Iraq ye Eid al-Fitr, nga Ramadhan eggwaako, omwezi omutukuvu ogw’okusiiba Abasiraamu. Embaga eno ekuzibwa n’essanyu lingi n’obunyiikivu. Famire n’emikwano bakuŋŋaana okusaala ku mizikiti, okuwanyisiganya ebirabo, n’okulya emmere ewooma. Ennaku enkulu endala enkulu mu Iraq ye Ashura, abasiraamu aba Shia gye bakuzibwa okujjukira okuttibwa kwa Imam Hussein, muzzukulu wa Nabbi Muhammad. Guno mukolo gwa nnaku nga gujjudde emikolo, okwogera ku kwewaayo kwa Hussein olw’obwenkanya n’amazima, wamu n’emikolo gy’okwekuba ebikonde. Iraq era ekuza olunaku lwayo olw’eggwanga nga July 14th - okujjukira olunaku lw’enkyukakyuka obwakabaka bwe bwasuulibwa mu 1958. Ku lunaku luno, abantu beenyigira mu mirimu egy’enjawulo egy’okwagala eggwanga omuli okulaga, ebiriroliro, emikolo gy’ebyobuwangwa egy’okulaga eby’obusika bya Iraq eby’obugagga. Okugatta ku ekyo, Abakristaayo mu Iraq bakuza Ssekukkulu nga December 25th okusinziira ku nnono zaabwe ez’amawanga g’obugwanjuba. Abakristaayo bajja wamu mu kusaba kwa mmisa mu ttumbi mu masinzizo okwetoloola eggwanga lyonna. Abakristaayo b’e Iraq bawanyisiganya ebirabo ku mukolo guno ogw’ennaku enkulu era banyumirwa emmere ey’enjawulo n’abaagalwa baabwe. Ekirala, olunaku lw’omwaka omuggya (January 1st) lulina amakulu mu mawanga n’amadiini ng’abantu balukuza n’okukuba ebiriroliro, obubaga oba enkuŋŋaana n’ab’omu maka n’emikwano. Kinajjukirwa nti ebikujjuko bino bikyusiddwa olw’obutabanguko mu byobufuzi oba ensonga z’ebyokwerinda Iraq z’eyolekedde mu myaka egiyise naye nga zikyalina obukulu bungi nnyo eri abatuuze baayo abakkiriza enjawulo mu buwangwa wadde nga eggwanga lyabwe lirina okusoomoozebwa.
Embeera y’obusuubuzi bw’amawanga amalala
Iraq, emanyiddwa mu butongole nga Republic of Iraq, nsi esangibwa mu maserengeta ga Asia. Eriko ebyenfuna ebitabuddwamu ng’amakolero g’amafuta ge gasinga okugireetera ebyenfuna n’okuyingiza ssente z’ebweru. Ekitundu ky’ebyobusuubuzi mu Iraq kikola kinene mu by’enfuna byayo. Eggwanga lino lisinga kutunda mafuta n’ebintu ebiva mu mafuta, nga bino bikola ekitundu kinene ku byonna by’etunda ebweru w’eggwanga. Iraq y’emu ku nsi ezisinga obunene mu nsi yonna ezikakasibwa era y’emu ku nsi ezisinga okufulumya amafuta. Ng’oggyeeko amafuta, Iraq era efulumya ebintu ebirala ng’ebintu ebikolebwa mu ddagala, ebigimusa, eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka (omuli ekikomo ne seminti), engoye, n’ensukusa. Wabula bino ebifulumizibwa ebweru w’eggwanga ebitali bya mafuta bitono nnyo bw’ogeraageranya ne bannaabwe abafulumya amafuta. Iraq yeesigamye nnyo ku bintu ebiyingizibwa mu ggwanga olw’ebintu ebikozesebwa, ebyuma, mmotoka, ebyuma by’amasannyalaze, emmere (nga eŋŋaano), n’ebikozesebwa mu kuzimba. Abakulu abakolagana nabo mu by’okuyingiza ebintu mu ggwanga mulimu Turkey, China, Iran, South Korea,UAE,ne Saudi Arabia n’endala. Gavumenti ekoze enteekateeka ez’enjawulo mu by’enfuna bya Iraq ng’etumbula emirimu ng’ebyobulimi n’obulambuzi okukendeeza ku kwesigama ku nsimbi eziyingira mu mafuta. Era bakubirizza nnyo okusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru nga bawaayo ebisikiriza ng’okukendeeza ku musolo n’okussaawo zoni ez’enjawulo ez’ebyenfuna. Wabula,obutali butebenkevu obuvudde ku ntalo munda mu ggwanga gye buvuddeko bubadde n’akakwate akabi ku mirimu gy’ebyobusuubuzi.Iraq eyolekedde okusoomoozebwa okwekuusa ku nkulaakulana y’ebizimbe,entalo z’amagye,obutyabaga obw’obutonde,n’obutali butebenkevu mu byobufuzi ebiremesa obusobozi bw’okufulumya ebintu mu ggwanga wamu n’enkolagana y’ebyobusuubuzi mu nsi yonna.Kino ensonga ezikwata ku byokwerinda zitera okutaataaganya enkola y’okugaba ebintu,ekivaamu ssente z’okutambuza ebintu okulinnya eri abasuubuzi mu Iraq. Mu kumaliriza,Iraq yeesigamye nnyo ku makolero gaayo ag’amafuta okusobola okufuna ssente ezifulumizibwa ebweru w’eggwanga naye efuba okulaba ng’ekyusakyusa mu by’enfuna byayo.Ensonga nga okutebenkera mu byobufuzi,embeera y’okusiga ensimbi,n’okufuba okutambula obutasalako okuddamu okuzimba ebizimbe bijja kuba bikulu nnyo mu kulaba ng’enkulaakulana ey’olubeerera mu mirimu gy’ebyobusuubuzi mu Iraq.
Obusobozi bw’okukulaakulanya akatale
Iraq esangibwa mu Middle East erina obusobozi bungi mu kukulaakulanya akatale kaayo ak’ebyobusuubuzi okuva ebweru. Wadde nga eyolekedde okusoomoozebwa ng’obutali butebenkevu mu byobufuzi n’obukuubagano mu bitundu, Iraq erina ensonga eziwerako ennungi ezigifuula ekifo ekisikiriza bizinensi z’ensi yonna. Ekisooka, Iraq yeewaanira ku by’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ng’amafuta ne ggaasi. Eggwanga lino lirina emu ku mafuta agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna, ekigifuula omuzannyi omukulu mu nsi yonna mu by’amasannyalaze. Kino kireeta emikisa eri kkampuni z’ebweru okwenyigira mu nkolagana ne kkampuni za wano oba okuteeka ssente butereevu mu mulimu gw’amafuta. Ekirala, Iraq erina akatale kanene ak’abaguzi nga kalimu abantu abasukka mu bukadde 39. Ekirala, waliwo ekibiina kya wakati ekigenda kyeyongera okweyongera okunoonya ebintu n’obuweereza ebiyingizibwa mu ggwanga. Okwetaaga kuno okweyongera kuwa amakampuni ag’ebweru emikisa mu bitundu eby’enjawulo ng’ebintu ebikozesebwa, ebyuma, ebintu ebikozesebwa mu mmotoka, n’ebyobulamu. Ekyokusatu, kaweefube w’okuddamu okuzimba oluvannyuma lw’olutalo aleeta ebyetaago ebinene eby’okutumbula ebizimbe. Eggwanga lyetaaga okuteekebwamu ssente ennyingi mu bitundu ng’emikutu gy’entambula (enguudo n’eggaali y’omukka), enkola z’amasimu (fiber-optic cables), amabibiro g’amasannyalaze (okukola amasannyalaze), ne pulojekiti z’amayumba. Kkampuni z’ebweru ezikuguse mu by’okuzimba oba okutumbula ebizimbe zisobola okukozesa emikisa gino. Ekirala, ekifo kya Iraq ekirungi kikola ng’enkizo eri emikutu gy’ebyobusuubuzi egy’ensi yonna olw’okubeera okumpi n’amawanga ga Gulf amalala n’amakubo amakulu ag’okuyitamu agagatta Asia/Bulaaya ne Afrika. Eggwanga lino lirina emikutu gy’amazzi emikulu ebiri – Persian Gulf ne Shatt al-Arab – egisobozesa okutambuza obulungi ebyamaguzi nga biyita ku myalo gy’ennyanja. Wadde essuubi lino liyinza okuba nga lisuubiza; kyetaagisa okulowooza ku kusoomoozebwa okumu ng’oyingira obutale bwa Iraq ng’enkola z’ebitongole eziremesa ensengeka y’obwangu bw’okukola bizinensi oba ensonga ezeekuusa ku nguzi ezikosa obwerufu. Okugatta ku ekyo; okweraliikirira eby’okwerinda kukyaliwo mu bitundu ebimu wadde nga waliwo enkulaakulana mu myaka egiyise. Okukozesa obulungi obusobozi bwa Iraq obw’ebyobusuubuzi; abakwatibwako balina okukola okunoonyereza okw’amaanyi ku katale okwetongodde ku kitundu kye baagala nga bwe bazimba enkolagana ey’amaanyi n’emikwano egy’omu kitundu oba abatabaganya abategeera enkola za bizinensi mu kitundu.
Ebintu ebitundibwa mu bbugumu ku katale
Bwe kituuka ku kulonda ebintu ebitundibwa ennyo ku katale k’ebyobusuubuzi okuva ebweru mu Iraq, kikulu okulowooza ku byetaago by’eggwanga lino mu kiseera kino, by’eyagala, n’emikisa gy’ebyenfuna. Wano waliwo ebintu ebitonotono by’olina okujjukira: 1. Enkulaakulana y’ebizimbe: Olw’okuba pulojekiti z’ebizimbe zigenda mu maaso mu Iraq, waliwo obwetaavu obweyongera obw’ebikozesebwa mu kuzimba nga seminti, ebyuma, n’ebyuma ebizimba. 2. Ekitongole ky’amasannyalaze: Okusinziira ku mbeera ya Iraq ng’emu ku nsi ezisinga okufulumya amafuta mu nsi yonna, waliwo emikisa gy’okutunda ebweru ebintu ebikwatagana n’ekitongole ky’amasannyalaze. Kuno kw’ogatta ebyuma ebikozesebwa mu kuggya amafuta n’okugalongoosa. 3. Ebyobulimi: Ekitundu ky’ebyobulimi mu Iraq kirina obusobozi bungi. Ebintu ng’ebigimusa, enkola y’okufukirira, ebyuma by’okulima, n’eddagala ly’ebyobulimi osobola okusanga akatale akalungi wano. 4. Ebintu ebikozesebwa: Olw’omutindo gw’ensimbi eziyingira mu kibiina eky’omu makkati n’ebikozesebwa okweyongera mu bitundu ebimu ebya Iraq wajja obwetaavu bw’ebintu ebikozesebwa ng’ebyuma eby’amasannyalaze (nga mw’otwalidde n’essimu ez’amaanyi), ebintu eby’engoye, eby’okwewunda n’ebintu eby’okwewunda. 5. Amakolero g’emmere: Waliwo omukisa gw’okutunda ebweru w’eggwanga ebintu by’emmere ng’omuceere, obuwunga bw’eŋŋaano oba empeke endala olw’obuzibu bw’okufulumya awaka oba okwagala omutindo. 6. Ebikozesebwa mu by’obulamu: Ebikozesebwa mu by’obulamu mu Iraq byetaaga okuteekebwa ku mulembe ekitondekawo okusobola okutunda ebweru ebyuma n’ebyuma omuli ebikozesebwa mu kukebera oba ebikozesebwa mu kulongoosa. 7. Empeereza y’ebyenjigiriza: Empeereza y’obuyambi mu by’ensoma nga emikutu gy’okuyiga egya digito oba ebikozesebwa mu by’enjigiriza eby’enjawulo bisobola okukola ku katale k’ebyenjigiriza akagenda keyongera mu ggwanga. . Okusobola okusalawo mu ngeri ey’amagezi ng’olonda ebintu ebisaanira akatale kano: a) Noonyereza bulungi ku bavuganya bo. b) Okwekenenya amateeka agafuga okuyingiza/okufulumya ebintu ebweru w’eggwanga agassibwawo amawanga gombi. c) Okutegeera emisingi/ebyo bye baagala mu buwangwa bw’ekitundu nga okola enkola z’okutunda. d) Okuteekawo enkolagana/enkolagana eyesigika n’abagaba/ba agenti mu kitundu abategeera enkyukakyuka y’ekitundu kino eky’akatale Nga yeetegereza ensonga zino n’okukola okunoonyereza ku katale okutuukira ddala ku mbeera y’obusuubuzi bw’ebweru mu Iraq, omuntu asobola okusalawo mu ngeri ennungi ng’alonda ebintu by’agenda okutunda mu katale kano.
Engeri za bakasitoma ne tabu
Iraq, emanyiddwa mu butongole nga Republic of Iraq, nsi esangibwa mu maserengeta ga Asia. Mulimu amawanga n’eddiini ez’enjawulo, ezikwata nnyo ku mpisa za bakasitoma baayo n’ebintu ebiziyiza. Okutwalira awamu bakasitoma b’e Iraq bamanyiddwa olw’okusembeza abagenyi n’obugabi. Benyumiriza nnyo mu kwaniriza abagenyi mu maka gaabwe ne mu bizinensi zaabwe. Okuwaayo caayi oba kaawa ng’akabonero k’okussa ekitiibwa mu nkola ya bulijjo ng’osisinkanye omuntu omulundi ogusoose. Abantu b’e Iraq nabo basiima empeereza ey’obuntubulamu n’okufaayo ku buli kantu. Mu mpisa za bizinensi, kyetaagisa okutegeera obuwangwa obusingawo mu Iraq. Ekimu ku bintu ebikulu kwe kussa ekitiibwa mu mpisa n’ennono z’Obusiraamu nga bakola emirimu gya bizinensi. Okugeza, kikulu nnyo okumanya ebiseera by’okusaba kuba enkiiko oba enteeseganya ziyinza okwetaaga okuteekebwateekebwa okusinziira ku nsonga eyo. Ekirala ekikulu ky’olina okulowoozaako ng’okolagana ne bakasitoma b’e Iraq kwe kuba n’obuwombeefu mu nnyambala naddala eri abakyala. Ennyambala ennungi ezibikka emikono n’amagulu yandibadde nnungi ng’ogenda mu bitundu ebisinga okuba eby’ennono. Era kikulu nnyo okusemberera emboozi n’obwegendereza n’okwewala emitwe ng’ebyobufuzi, eddiini oba ebyafaayo ebikulu okuggyako ng’oyitiddwa mu ngeri ey’enjawulo munno ow’e Iraq. Okukubaganya ebirowoozo ng’okwo kuyinza okuvaako okukubaganya ebirowoozo okw’amaanyi oba okunyiiza bakasitoma bo enzikiriza. Ekisembayo, okutegeera ensalo z’ebifo eby’obuntu kikulu nnyo ng’okolagana ne bakasitoma b’e Iraq. Wadde ng’okukwatagana mu ngalo kutera okukolebwa wakati w’abantu ab’ekikula ekimu, kya mpisa obutatandika kukwatagana mu mubiri n’omuntu ow’ekikula ekirala okuggyako ng’asoose kugolola mukono. Nga tutegeera engeri zino eza bakasitoma n’okunywerera ku biragiro by’obuwangwa ng’okussa ekitiibwa mu mpisa z’Obusiraamu, okwambala obulungi, okwewala emitwe egy’amaanyi, n’okubeera n’ebirowoozo ku nsalo z’ekifo ky’omuntu ku bubwe nga tukolagana ne bannaabwe ab’e Iraq kijja kuyamba nnyo mu kuzimba enkolagana ya bizinensi ennungi mu Iraq.
Enkola y’okuddukanya emirimu gya Kasawo
Enkola ya Iraq ey’okuddukanya emisolo ekola kinene nnyo mu kulungamya entambula y’ebyamaguzi n’abantu okuyita ku nsalo zaayo. Ekitongole kya Kasawo mu ggwanga kivunaanyizibwa ku kukwasisa emitendera gy’okuyingiza n’okufulumya ebweru, okusolooza emisolo gya Kasawo, n’okukuuma eby’enfuna by’eggwanga. Ekisooka, abantu ssekinnoomu bwe baba bayingira oba nga bafuluma Iraq, balina okulaga ebiwandiiko by’entambula ebituufu nga paasipooti oba densite. Ebiwandiiko bino byakukeberebwa bulungi okukakasa nti bituufu era nga bituufu mu mateeka. Ku ky’ebyamaguzi ebiyingizibwa mu Iraq, okwekebejja mu bujjuvu kukolebwa ku nsalo. Abakungu ba Kasawo beekenneenya ebintu bino okulaba nga bigoberera amateeka n’ebiragiro ebikwatagana. Ebintu ebimu ebikugirwa oba ebikugirwa ng’ebyokulwanyisa, ebiragalalagala, ebintu ebicupuli, oba ebintu eby’obuwangwa tebirina kuleetebwa mu ttaka lya Iraq awatali lukusa lutuufu. Mu nsonga z’omusolo, emisolo gya kasitooma gisoloozebwa okusinziira ku muwendo gw’ebintu ebiyingizibwa mu ggwanga okusinziira ku miwendo egyateekebwawo mu mateeka ga Iraq. Abayingiza ebintu mu ggwanga balina okulangirira obulungi omuwendo gw’ebyamaguzi byabwe n’okuwa ebiwandiiko ebiwagira singa baba basaba abakulira Kasawo. Okugatta ku ekyo, abatambuze balina okumanya nti okutwala ssente enkalu ennyingi okuyingira oba okufuluma mu Iraq kiyinza okwetaagisa okulangirira obulungi n’okunnyonnyolwa nga batuuse/basimbula. Obutagoberera bisaanyizo bino kiyinza okuvaamu okusasula engassi oba okubowa eby’obugagga. Kikulu nnyo abagenyi okumanyiira amateeka agakwata ku Iraq ag’enjawulo agakwata ku kuyingiza/okutunda ebweru nga tebannagendayo. Okwebuuza ku nsonda entongole nga emikutu gya embassy okufuna amawulire amapya ku byetaago bya viza, olukalala lw’ebintu ebikugirwa/ebikugirwa kijja kulaba ng’okuyingira bulungi mu Iraq ate nga twewala ebibonerezo byonna ebiteetaagisa oba okulwawo ku bifo ebikeberebwamu kasitooma. Mu bufunze, Iraq ekuuma obuyinza obw’amaanyi ku nsalo zaayo ng’eyita mu nkola ennungi ey’okuddukanya ensalo eziteekebwa mu nkola ekitongole kyayo ekya Kasawo. Abatambuze balina okugoberera enkola zonna ezeetaagisa ez’okuwandiika nga batuuse/basimbula nga bakakasa nti bagoberera amateeka agakwata ku kuyingiza/okufulumya ebweru okusobola okufuna obumanyirivu obulungi mu kuyingira/okufuluma okuva mu ggwanga lino.
Enkola z’omusolo ku bintu ebiyingizibwa mu ggwanga
Iraq erina enkola eyenjawulo ey’omusolo ku bintu ebiyingizibwa mu ggwanga. Emiwendo gy’omusolo ku bintu ebiyingizibwa mu ggwanga gyawukana okusinziira ku kika ky’ekintu ekiyingizibwa mu ggwanga. Ku bintu ebimu ebikulu ng’emmere, eddagala, n’ebintu ebikulu, Iraq etera okussaawo emisolo emitono oba egitassa ku bintu ebiyingizibwa mu ggwanga okulaba nga bannansi baayo basobola okubifuna era nga basobola okugula ebintu. Kino kikolebwa okuwagira embeera y’abantu n’okukuuma emiwendo nga gitebenkedde ku katale. Wabula ku bintu eby’ebbeeyi oba ebitali bikulu, Iraq essaawo emisolo egy’amaanyi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa mu ggwanga okumalamu amaanyi okubikozesa n’okukuuma amakolero ga wano okuva ku kuvuganya kw’amawanga amalala. Emiwendo gy’omusolo emituufu giyinza okwawukana okusinziira ku nsonga ng’ekika ky’ebintu, ensi gye basibuka, n’endagaano z’ebyobusuubuzi ezikoleddwa wakati wa Iraq n’amawanga amalala. Kikulu abayingiza ebintu mu ggwanga okwebuuza ku bakulira Kasawo mu Iraq oba okunoonya obulagirizi okuva mu bakugu abakugu okuzuula obulungi emiwendo gy’omusolo egikolebwa ku bintu ebimu. Ekirala, kirungi okwogera nti Iraq nayo eyinza okuba n’emisolo oba ebisale ebirala ebiteekebwa ku bintu ebimu ng’oggyeeko emisolo egy’okuyingiza ebintu mu ggwanga. Bino bisobola okuli ssente za Kasawo, emisolo ku muwendo ogwongezeddwa (VAT), ssente z’okukebera, n’ensimbi endala ez’okuddukanya emirimu ezikwata ku kuyingiza ebintu mu ggwanga. Mu bufunze, . - Ebintu ebikulu okutwalira awamu biba n’emisolo emitono oba tegirina musolo ku bintu ebiyingizibwa mu ggwanga. - Ebintu eby'ebbeeyi byolekedde okusoloozebwa omusolo omungi. - Emiwendo gy’omusolo egy’enjawulo gisinziira ku nsonga ez’enjawulo. - Ebisale bya kasitooma ebirala biyinza okusasulwa ng’oggyeeko emisolo gy’okuyingiza ebintu mu ggwanga. Kirungi okusigala ng’omanyi enkyukakyuka yonna mu nkola z’ebyobusuubuzi mu Iraq ng’ojuliza ensonda za gavumenti entongole oba okwebuuza ku bakugu mu mateeka g’ebyobusuubuzi mu nsi yonna.
Enkola z’omusolo ku by’amaguzi ebifulumizibwa ebweru w’eggwanga
Enkola ya Iraq ey’omusolo ku bintu ebifulumizibwa ebweru w’eggwanga egenderera okutumbula enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna, okwanguyiza eby’obusuubuzi by’ensi yonna, n’okuyingiza ssente mu gavumenti. Eggwanga lino lisinga kwesigama ku mafuta ng’ebintu bye lisinga okutunda ebweru; wabula ebintu eby’enjawulo ebitali bya mafuta nabyo biyamba Iraq okutunda ebweru w’eggwanga. Ka twongere okunoonyereza ku nkola ya Iraq ey’omusolo ku bintu ebifulumizibwa ebweru w’eggwanga: 1. Amafuta agafulumizibwa ebweru w’eggwanga: - Iraq esolooza omusolo ogutakyukakyuka ku nfuna ku kkampuni z’amafuta ezikola mu nsalo zaayo. - Gavumenti eteekawo emisolo egy’enjawulo okusinziira ku bungi n’ekika ky’amafuta agaggyibwa oba agafulumizibwa ebweru w’eggwanga. - Emisolo gino gikola kinene nnyo mu kusonda ssente z’ebizimbe bya gavumenti n’enteekateeka z’obulamu obulungi. 2. Ebintu ebitali bya mafuta: - Ku by’okutunda ebweru w’eggwanga ebitali bya mafuta, Iraq essa mu nkola enkola y’omusolo ku muwendo ogwongezeddwa (VAT). - Okutwalira awamu ebintu ebifulumizibwa ebweru w’eggwanga bisonyiyibwa omusolo gwa VAT okusobola okukubiriza eby’obusuubuzi by’ebweru n’okutumbula okuvuganya mu butale bw’ensi yonna. 3. Ebintu eby’enjawulo ebisikiriza omusolo: - Okutumbula ebitundu oba amakolero ebitongole, gavumenti ya Iraq eyinza okuwa emisolo egy’enjawulo nga emisolo egy’enkizo oba okukendeeza ku misolo egy’okutunda ebweru w’eggwanga. - Ebintu bino ebisikiriza bigenderera okutumbula okusiga ensimbi, okutumbula obusobozi bw’okufulumya ebintu, n’okukyusakyusa ebyenfuna okusukka okwesigama ku mafuta agafulumizibwa ebweru w’eggwanga gokka. 4. Emirimu gya Custom: - Iraq etadde emisolo gya kasitooma ku bintu ebiyingizibwa mu ggwanga okukuuma amakolero g’omunda; wabula emisolo gino tegikwata butereevu ku misolo gy’okutunda ebweru w’eggwanga. 5. Endagaano z’ebyobusuubuzi: - Nga mmemba mu ndagaano z’ebyobusuubuzi ez’omu kitundu eziwerako nga GAFTA (Greater Arab Free Trade Area), ICFTA (Islamic Common Market), n’endagaano z’amawanga gombi n’amawanga ag’omuliraano, Iraq eganyulwa mu kukendeeza ku misolo oba zero ku kutunda ebintu ebimu mu bitundu bino. Kikulu okumanya nti ebikwata ku miwendo gy’omusolo egy’ebika by’ebintu ssekinnoomu biyinza okwawukana wansi w’enkola eno ekwata ku buli kimu eyateekebwawo gavumenti ya Iraq. N’olwekyo, abasuubuzi abagenda ebweru w’eggwanga balina okwebuuza ku bantu abakwatibwako oba okunoonya amagezi ag’ekikugu nga balowooza ku biyinza okuva mu musolo ku bintu byabwe ebitongole.
Satifikeeti ezeetaagisa okutunda ebweru w’eggwanga
Iraq nsi mu Middle East erina enkola ezimu ez’okukakasa okutunda ebintu ebweru w’eggwanga. Gavumenti ya Iraq egoberera amateeka amakakali okulaba ng’ebintu ebiva mu ggwanga bibeera ku mutindo n’obukuumi. Okusookera ddala, amakampuni agaagala okutunda ebyamaguzi okuva mu Iraq galina okufuna layisinsi y’okuyingiza n’okufulumya ebintu okuva mu minisitule y’ebyobusuubuzi. Layisinsi eno ekakasa nti kkampuni ekkirizibwa mu mateeka okwenyigira mu mirimu gy’obusuubuzi bw’ensi yonna. Enkola y’okusaba erimu okuleeta ebiwandiiko ebikwatagana, gamba nga satifikeeti y’okuwandiisa kkampuni, ennamba y’omusolo, n’obukakafu bw’obwannannyini oba liizi y’ekifo. Okugatta ku ekyo, abasuubuzi abagenda ebweru w’eggwanga balina okugoberera emitendera egy’enjawulo egy’ebintu egyateekebwawo ekitongole kya Iraq ekivunaanyizibwa ku mutindo n’omutindo (ISQCA). Emitendera gino gikwata ku bintu eby’enjawulo nga omutindo, obukuumi, ebyetaago by’okuwandiika, n’okukebera okukwatagana. Amakampuni galina okuwa obujulizi nti ebintu byabwe bituukana n’omutindo guno nga gayita mu kukeberebwa mu laboratory oba lipoota z’okwekenneenya ezikolebwa ebitongole ebikkirizibwa. Ekirala, ebintu ebimu byetaaga satifikeeti endala nga tebinnaba kutwalibwa ng’ebisaanyizo okutwalibwa ebweru w’eggwanga. Okugeza: 1. Emmere: Abatunda ebweru balina okufuna satifikeeti y’ebyobulamu efulumiziddwa minisitule y’ebyobulamu mu Iraq eraga nti ebyamaguzi bituukana n’ebisaanyizo by’obuyonjo. 2. Eddagala: Okutwala eddagala ebweru w’eggwanga kyetaagisa okwewandiisa mu kitongole ky’eddagala mu Iraq wamu n’ebiwandiiko ebirala ebikwata ku nkola y’ebintu n’okubiwandiika. 3. Ebintu eby’eddagala: Okukkirizibwa nga tekunnabaawo okuva mu kakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku mutindo gw’obutonde bw’ensi (GCES) kyetaagisa okutunda ebweru eddagala oba ebintu eby’obulabe. Kikulu nnyo abasuubuzi abagenda ebweru w’eggwanga okukolagana obulungi ne ba agenti oba abagaba ebintu mu ggwanga abalina obukugu mu kutambulira mu nkola y’okulungamya mu Iraq. Abakugu bano basobola okuyambako mu kufuna ebiwandiiko ebyetaagisa mu bwangu nga bwe bakakasa nti amateeka gonna agakola gagobererwa. Mu kumaliriza, okutunda ebyamaguzi okuva mu Iraq kyetaagisa okuweebwa satifikeeti ez’enjawulo okusinziira ku ngeri y’ekintu ekifulumizibwa ebweru w’eggwanga. Okugoberera enkola zino ez’okuweebwa satifikeeti kikakasa nti abasuubuzi abafulumya ebweru batuukana n’omutindo gw’omutindo ate nga batumbula eby’obusuubuzi mu nkola z’amateeka ezaateekebwawo ab’obuyinza mu Iraq.
Enteekateeka y’okutambuza ebintu esengekeddwa
Iraq is a country located in the Middle East and is known for its rich history and cultural heritage. When it comes to logistics and transportation, here are some recommended information for shipping goods to Iraq. 1. Ports: Iraq has several major ports that serve as important gateways for international trade. The Port of Umm Qasr, located in the city of Basra, is the largest port in Iraq and handles a significant portion of the country's seaborne trade. Other important ports include Khor Al-Zubair and Al-Maqal Port. 2. Airports: For faster transportation of goods, airfreight can be an option. Baghdad International Airport is the primary international airport in Iraq, handling both passenger and cargo flights. Erbil International Airport in Kurdistan Region has also become a key hub for cargo transportation, serving as a gateway to northern Iraq. 3. Road network: Iraq has an extensive road network connecting major cities and regions within the country as well as neighboring countries such as Jordan, Syria, Turkey, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia—making road transport an essential mode of logistics within Iraq or across borders. However,reliable infrastructure maintenance might cause inconvenience sometimes. 4. Customs regulations: It's crucial to understand Iraqi customs regulations before shipping goods to the country.In accordance with local laws,you may need specific documentation,such Commercial Invoice,Bill of Lading/Packing List,Country of Origin Certificate etc.. Compliance with import/export guidelines will facilitate smooth clearance procedures. 5.Warehousing facilities: There are various modern warehousing facilities available within major cities like Baghdad,Basra,and Erbil.These warehouses offer secure storage options for different types of goods equipped with necessary facilities like temperature control systems,forklifts,and security measures.Proper choie will ensure safe storage before or after distribution processes. 6.Logistics service providers: Numerous domestic,and international logistics companies operate in/Iraq,promoting efficient movement of goods in and out of the country.These companies provide a wide range of services such as freight forwarding,customs clearance,cargo handling,and transportation solution.Enlisting the help of experienced logistics providers can simplify your supply chain operations in Iraq. It is important to keep in mind that due to political instability and regional conflicts, there may be potential risks and challenges associated with logistics operations in Iraq. Working closely with trusted partners and staying updated on the latest developments will contribute to successful logistics management when dealing with this country.
Emikutu gy’okukulaakulanya abaguzi

Emyoleso gy’ebyobusuubuzi emikulu

Iraq erina abaguzi abakulu abawerako ab’ensi yonna n’emikutu gy’enkulaakulana mu by’obusuubuzi n’emikisa gyayo egy’obusuubuzi. Okugatta ku ekyo, eggwanga lino litegeka emyoleso egy’enjawulo egy’amaanyi egisikiriza ensi yonna okufaayo. Wansi waliwo abamu ku bakulu mu katale k’ensi yonna ak’okugula ebintu mu Iraq n’emyoleso gy’ebyobusuubuzi egy’amaanyi: 1. Ekitongole kya Gavumenti: Gavumenti ya Iraq egula nnyo mu makolero ag’enjawulo nga ebizimbe, amasannyalaze, eby’okwerinda, n’ebyobulamu. Bulijjo egula ebintu n’obuweereza ng’eyita mu ttenda oba enteeseganya obutereevu. 2. Amakolero g’amafuta: Ng’emu ku nsi ezisinga okukola amafuta, Iraq etuwa emikisa mingi nnyo eri abasuubuzi b’amafuta okuva ebweru okukolagana ne kkampuni zaayo ez’amafuta mu ggwanga (NOCs). NOCs nga Iraq National Oil Company (INOC) ne Basra Oil Company (BOC) bulijjo zeenyigira mu mirimu gy’okugula ebintu ku mutendera gw’ensi yonna. 3. Ekitongole ky’okuzimba: Kaweefube w’okuddamu okuzimba aleese obwetaavu obw’amaanyi obw’ebikozesebwa mu kuzimba n’ebikozesebwa mu Iraq. Abakola kontulakiti abeenyigira mu pulojekiti ennene batera okwesigama ku basuubuzi b’ensi yonna ku byetaago byabwe. 4. Ebintu ebikozesebwa: Olw’omuwendo gw’abantu ogw’omulembe ogw’omu makkati gweyongera, obwetaavu bw’ebintu ebikozesebwa ng’ebyuma ebikozesebwa mu byuma bikalimagezi, ebintu bya FMCG, ebintu eby’emisono n’ebirala bweyongera, ekigifuula akatale akasikiriza eri ebika by’ensi yonna. 5. Ebyobulimi: Okusinziira ku ttaka lyayo eggimu ku migga Tigris ne Fulaati, Iraq erina obusobozi okutumbula ebibala by’ebyobulimi ng’eyita mu kugula ebyuma eby’omulembe okuva mu batunda ab’ensi yonna. 6. Pharmaceuticals & Healthcare Equipment: Ekitongole ky’ebyobulamu kyetaaga ebyuma eby’omutindo ogwa waggulu eby’obujjanjabi ng’ebikozesebwa mu kukebera, ebikozesebwa mu kulongoosa, eddagala ebitera okufunibwa okuva mu basuubuzi ab’ettutumu ab’ensi yonna nga bayita mu nkola za ttenda. Ku bikwata ku myoleso egyategekebwa mu Iraq: a) Omwoleso gw’ensi yonna ogwa Baghdad: Omwoleso guno ogutegekebwa buli mwaka gutwalibwa ng’ogumu ku mwoleso gw’ebyobusuubuzi ogusinga obukulu mu Iraq mu bitundu eby’enjawulo omuli ebikozesebwa mu kuzimba/ebyuma, ebintu ebikozesebwa/ebintu eby’emisono; okusikiriza kampuni za wano & ez’ebweru ezinoonya okwolesa ebintu byabwe/empeereza zaabwe eri abaguzi/abasuubuzi/abaguzi mu Iraq. b) Omwoleso gw’ensi yonna ogwa Erbil: Gutegekebwa buli mwaka mu kibuga Erbil nga essira liteekeddwa ku bitundu by’amakolero ebiwerako ng’okuzimba, amasannyalaze, eby’amasimu, eby’obulimi, n’ebintu ebikozesebwa. Kikola ng’omukutu gwa bizinensi za wano n’ez’ensi yonna okunoonyereza ku ssuubi ly’obusuubuzi. c) Omwoleso gw’ensi yonna ogwa Basra: Omwoleso guno okusinga gwetoolodde ekitongole ky’amafuta ne ggaasi naye era gukwata ku makolero amalala ng’okuzimba, entambula, okutambuza ebintu, n’ebirala Omwoleso guno gusikiriza amakampuni amanene ag’amafuta n’abakugu mu by’amakolero okuva mu nsi yonna. d) Omwoleso gw’ensi yonna ogwa Sulaymaniyah: Gusangibwa mu kibuga Sulaymaniyah mu bukiikakkono bwa Iraq; erimu emyoleso ku bitundu nga ebintu by’ebyobulimi/ebyuma, ebyuma by’ebyobulamu/eddagala, engoye/engoye/ebikozesebwa mu misono. Omwoleso guno gugendereddwamu okutumbula enkolagana ya bizinensi wakati w’abasuubuzi b’ensi yonna n’abaguzi ba wano. Bino bye byokulabirako ebitonotono eby’emikutu gy’enkulaakulana n’emyoleso mu katale k’ensi yonna ak’okugula ebintu mu Iraq. Kikulu nnyo okwongera okunoonyereza oba okukwatagana n’ebibiina by’ebyobusuubuzi ebikwatibwako okufuna amawulire amalungi ku bitundu ebitongole oba ebintu ebikulu.
Iraq, emanyiddwa mu butongole nga Republic of Iraq, nsi esangibwa mu maserengeta ga Asia. Abantu mu Iraq batera okukozesa emikutu gy’okunoonya egy’enjawulo egy’ettutumu okutambula ku yintaneeti n’okunoonya amawulire. Wano waliwo emikutu gy’okunoonya egyakozesebwa ennyo mu Iraq wamu ne URL zaabwe ez’omukutu gwa yintaneeti: 1. Google: Omukutu gwa yintaneeti: www.google.com 2. Bing: . Omukutu gwa yintaneeti: www.bing.com 3. Yahoo: Omukutu gwa yintaneeti: www.yahoo.com 4. Yandex: Omukutu gwa yintaneeti: www.yandex.com 5. EngegeEngegeGenda: Omukutu gwa yintaneeti: duckduckgo.com 6. Ebiwuka ebiyitibwa Ecosia: Omukutu gwa yintaneeti: ecosia.org 7. Naver: . Naver ekola emirimu nga enkola y’okunoonya n’omukutu gwa yintaneeti. Omukutu gwa yintaneeti (Olukorea): www.naver.com (Weetegereze: Naver esangibwa mu Korea naye ekozesebwa nnyo mu Iraq) 8 Baidu (百度): Omuwandiisi w’ebitabo. Baidu y’emu ku mikutu gya China egy’okunoonya abantu. Omukutu gwa yintaneeti (Oluchina): www.baidu.cm (Weetegereze: Baidu eyinza okulaba enkozesa entono mu Iraq, okusinga eri abantu ssekinnoomu aboogera Oluchina) Bino bye byokulabirako ebitonotono eby’emikutu gy’okunoonya egyakozesebwa ennyo abantu mu Iraq gye beesigama okufuna amawulire ku yintaneeti mu ngeri ennungi era ennungi. Nkusaba omanye nti wadde ng’emikutu gino gisobola okuyingizibwa mu nsi yonna, enkyusa ezimu ez’omu kitundu ziyinza okubaawo ku nsi oba ebitundu ebimu okusinziira ku bakozesa bye baagala oba ebyetaago by’olulimi. Kikulu okulowooza ku by’ayagala ssekinnoomu ng’osalawo yingini y’okunoonya esinga okutuukana n’ebyetaago by’omuntu kinnoomu okulambula amawulire okuva munda mu Iraq oba ekifo ekirala kyonna eky’ensi yonna

Emiko emikulu egya kyenvu

Mu Iraq, ebitabo ebisookerwako eby’empapula eza kyenvu mulimu: 1. Iraqi Yellow Pages – Eno ye dayirekita erimu ebikwata ku bibuga n’amakolero ag’enjawulo mu Iraq. Ewa ebikwata ku bantu be bakwatagana nabo, endagiriro, n’emikutu gya bizinensi mu bitundu eby’enjawulo. Omukutu guno osobola okugusanga ku https://www.iyp-iraq.com/. 2. EasyFinder Iraq – Ekirala ekimanyiddwa ennyo nga yellow pages directory eri bizinensi mu Iraq, EasyFinder egaba olukalala lwa kampuni okuva mu bitundu eby’enjawulo nga ebyobulamu, okusembeza abagenyi, okuzimba, n’ebirala. Dayirekita eno osobola okugifuna ng’oyita ku mukutu gwabwe ogwa yintaneeti ku https://www.easyfinder.com.iq/. 3. Zain Yellow Pages – Zain kkampuni y’amasimu esinga mu Iraq era ekola ku mpeereza ya yellow pages ng’ewa amawulire ku bizinensi za wano mu bibuga ebiwerako mu ggwanga. Osobola okuyingira mu dayirekita yaabwe ey’emiko gya kyenvu ng’oyita ku mukutu gwabwe ogwa yintaneeti ku https://yellowpages.zain.com/iraq/en. 4. Kurdpages – Okusingira ddala okugabula ekitundu ky’Abakurdi mu Iraq omuli ebibuga nga Erbil, Dohuk, ne Sulaymaniyah; Kurdpages egaba dayirekita ku yintaneeti nga mulimu olukalala lwa bizinensi ez’enjawulo ezikola mu kitundu kino. Omukutu gwabwe gusangibwa ku http://www.kurdpages.com/. 5. IQD Pages - IQD Pages ye ndagiriro ya bizinensi ku yintaneeti ekwata ku makolero agawerako mu Iraq yonna omuli empeereza ya bbanka, wooteeri & ebifo ebisanyukirwamu, kkampuni z’entambula n’ebirala bingi. Osobola okugenda ku mukutu gwabwe ku https://iqdpages.com/ Ebiwandiiko bino eby’empapula eza kyenvu biwa eby’obugagga eby’omuwendo eri abantu ssekinnoomu oba bizinensi ezinoonya empeereza oba abagaba ebintu ebitongole mu mbeera ya bizinensi ya Iraq. Nsaba omanye nti bulijjo kirungi okukebera emirundi ebiri obutuufu n’obukulu bw’ebikwata ku bantu bonna abaweereddwa ku mikutu gino nga tonnakwatagana na kkampuni yonna ewandiikiddwa eyo.

Emikutu emikulu egy’obusuubuzi

Mu Iraq, eby’obusuubuzi ku yintaneeti byeyongera mpolampola, era emikutu emikulu egiwerako gizze givaayo okusobola okukola ku bwetaavu bw’okugula ebintu ku yintaneeti obweyongera. Bino bye bimu ku bifo ebikulu eby’obusuubuzi ku yintaneeti mu Iraq wamu n’endagiriro zaabwe ez’omukutu gwa yintaneeti: 1. Miswag: Guno gwe gumu ku mikutu gy’obusuubuzi ku yintaneeti mu Iraq egikola ebintu eby’enjawulo mu biti eby’enjawulo ng’ebyuma, emisono, ebyuma by’omu nnyumba, n’ebirala. Endagiriro y’omukutu gwa yintaneeti eri www.miswag.net. 2. Zain Cash Shop: Zain Cash Shop egaba akatale ku yintaneeti abakozesa mwe basobola okugula ebintu eby’enjawulo nga bakozesa waleti yaabwe eya Zain mobile. Omukutu guno gulimu ebintu ng’ebyuma ebikozesebwa mu byuma bikalimagezi, eby’okwewunda, ebintu by’omu nnyumba n’ebirala. Osobola okugifuna ku mukutu gwa www.zaincashshop.iq. 3. Dsama: Dsama ye nkola endala emanyiddwa ennyo mu Iraq ey’obusuubuzi ku yintaneeti ng’essira lisinga kulissa ku byuma bikalimagezi ne gadgets. Ekuwa ebyuma eby’amasannyalaze eby’enjawulo nga essimu ez’amaanyi, laptop, ebikozesebwa mu kuzannya emizannyo, n’ebikozesebwa ku bbeeyi evuganya. Endagiriro y’omukutu gwa Dsama ye www.dsama.tech. 4. Akatale ka Cressy: Akatale ka Cressy katale ka yintaneeti akagenda kakula mu Iraq nga kagenderera okuyunga abaguzi n’abatunzi mu biti by’ebintu eby’enjawulo omuli engoye z’emisono, ebikozesebwa, eby’okwewunda, ebintu eby’okuyooyoota amaka n’ebirala. Osobola okuzisanga ku mukutu gwa www.cressymarket.com. 5. Baghdad Mall: Baghdad Mall kifo kya Iraq ekimanyiddwa ennyo eky’okusuubula ku yintaneeti nga kirimu ebintu eby’enjawulo okuva ku ngoye okutuuka ku byuma by’omu nnyumba n’ebyuma ebikozesebwa mu byuma ebikozesebwa okuva mu bika ebimanyiddwa mu ggwanga n’ensi yonna ku bbeeyi evuganya. 6.Onlinezbigzrishik (OB): OB egaba ebintu eby’enjawulo okuva ku ngoye okutuuka ku byuma bikalimagezi ate nga mulimu n’ebintu eby’obulamu n’okwewunda wamu n’eby’okulya.Osobola okubisanga ng’ogenda ku mukutu gwabwe ogwa yintaneeti ku https://www.onlinezbigzirshik.com/ iq/. 7.Unicorn Store:Iraq's very own Unicorn Store ewa bakasitoma ebintu eby'enjawulo omuli tech gadgets, ebyuma by'omu maka, ebikozesebwa mu misono n'ebirala. Zifune ku mukutu gwa www.unicornstore.iq. Nsaba omanye nti embeera y’obusuubuzi ku yintaneeti ekyukakyuka buli kiseera, era emikutu emipya giyinza okuvaayo oba egyaliwo giyinza okukyuka. Kirungi okugenda ku mikutu gino oba okunoonya amawulire amapya okukakasa nti ebikwata ku mikutu gy’obusuubuzi ku yintaneeti egiriwo mu Iraq bituufu era nga bya mulembe.

Emikutu emikulu egy’empuliziganya

Iraq nsi ya Middle East era nga yeeyongera okubeerawo mu nsi ya digito omuli n’emikutu gy’empuliziganya. Bino bye bimu ku mikutu gy’empuliziganya egy’ettutumu egyakozesebwa mu Iraq, wamu n’emikutu gyabwe: 1. Facebook (www.facebook.com): Facebook ye nkola y’emikutu gy’empuliziganya esinga okukozesebwa mu Iraq, ng’egatta abantu mu myaka egy’enjawulo n’omuwendo gw’abantu. Esobozesa abakozesa okugabana ebipya, ebifaananyi, obutambi, n’okukwatagana n’emikwano n’ab’omu maka. 2. Instagram (www.instagram.com): Instagram mukutu gw’okugabana ebifaananyi n’obutambi ogufunye obuganzi obw’amaanyi mu bavubuka ba Iraq. Abakozesa basobola okuteeka ebifaananyi oba obutambi obumpi nga buwerekerwako ebigambo oba ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa. 3. Twitter (www.twitter.com): Empeereza ya Twitter eya microblogging nayo erina abakozesa bangi mu Iraq. Esobozesa abakozesa okuteeka ku mukutu gwa Twitter nga mulimu obubaka obumpi obumanyiddwa nga "tweets," obuyinza okugabana mu lujjudde oba mu kyama. 4. Snapchat (www.snapchat.com): App ya Snapchat ey’okuweereza obubaka ku mikutu gya yintaneeti esobozesa abakozesa okugabana ebifaananyi n’obutambi obubula oluvannyuma lw’okulabibwa omuntu abifuna mu sikonda ntono oba essaawa 24 singa byongeddwa ku mboozi yaabwe. 5. Telegram (telegram.org): Telegram ye app y’okuweereza obubaka mu bwangu erimu ebintu ng’obubaka ku ssimu, okukuba essimu, okunyumya mu bibinja, emikutu gy’okuweereza ebirimu ku mpewo, n’obusobozi bw’okugabana fayiro. 6. TikTok (www.tiktok.com): TikTok mpeereza ya yintaneeti emanyiddwa ennyo ey’okugabana vidiyo ng’esobozesa abakozesa okukola vidiyo ennyimpi ezikwataganya emimwa oba ebintu ebiyiiya ebiteekeddwa ku nnyimba z’ennyimba. 7. LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com): LinkedIn ewa abakugu mu Iraq emikisa gy’okukolagana n’enkolagana ekwatagana n’emirimu ng’eyita ku mukutu gwayo ogwa yintaneeti ogwategekebwa okusinga olw’ebigendererwa bya bizinensi ng’okunoonya emirimu oba okuteekawo enkolagana ey’ekikugu. 8. YouTube (www.youtube.com): YouTube egaba vidiyo ez’enjawulo eri abantu ab’enjawulo okuva mu nsi yonna ng’abakozesa basobola okulaba vidiyo z’ennyimba, vlogs, documentaries ate nga nabo bakola omukutu gwabwe bwe baba baagala. Bino bye bimu ku mikutu gy’empuliziganya egy’amaanyi egyakozesebwa mu Iraq; wabula kyetaagisa okumanya nti wayinza okubaawo emikutu emirala egy’ettutumu mu kitundu egy’enjawulo egy’ebitundu oba ebitundu ebimu mu ggwanga.

Ebibiina ebinene eby’amakolero

Ebibiina ebikulu ebikola ku by’amakolero mu Iraq mulimu: 1. Federation of Iraqi Chambers of Commerce: Kino kye kibiina ekikulembedde ekikiikiridde eby’obusuubuzi n’obusuubuzi mu Iraq. Kirimu ebibiina by’abasuubuzi eby’omu kitundu okuva mu bibuga eby’enjawulo okwetoloola eggwanga. Omukutu gwa yintaneeti: https://iraqchambers.gov.iq/ 2. Federation of Iraqi Industries: Ekibiina kino kikiikirira ebitongole by’amakolero n’amakolero mu Iraq, nga essira liteekeddwa ku kutumbula enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna, okutondawo emirimu, n’okuvuganya. Omukutu gwa yintaneeti: http://fiqi.org/?lang=en 3. Ekibiina ky’ebyobulimi mu Iraq: Ekibiina kino kitumbula ebyobulimi ne bizinensi y’ebyobulimi mu Iraq nga kiwa obuwagizi eri abalimi, okutumbula enkola ennungi, n’okwanguyiza eby’obusuubuzi mu kitongole ky’ebyobulimi. Omukutu gwa yintaneeti: http://www.infoagriiraq.com/ 4. Ekibiina kya Iraqi Contractors’ Union: Ekibiina kino kikiikirira abakola kontulakiti abeenyigira mu pulojekiti z’okuzimba mu Iraq yonna. Kigenderera okutumbula omulimu guno nga kiteekawo ebiragiro ebikwata ku kukakasa omutindo, enneeyisa y’ekikugu, enteekateeka z’okutendeka, n’omutindo gw’ebyekikugu mu mulimu gw’okuzimba. Omukutu gwa yintaneeti: http://www.icu.gov.iq/en/ 5. Union of Oil & Gas Companies in Iraq (UGOC): UGOC ekiikirira amakampuni agakola ku kunoonyereza, okufulumya, okulongoosa, okusaasaanya, n’okutunda ebintu ebiva mu mafuta ne ggaasi munda mu Iraq. Kigendereddwamu okutumbula emikisa gy’okusiga ensimbi mu kitongole kino ate nga kikakasa enkulaakulana ey’olubeerera. Omukutu gwa yintaneeti: N/A 6. Federation of Tourism Associations in Iraq (FTAI): FTAI essira erisinga kulissa ku kutumbula eby’obulambuzi ng’omulimu omukulu ennyo mu nkulaakulana y’ebyenfuna n’embeera z’abantu munda mu Iraq nga bayita mu kukwasaganya wakati wa bizinensi ez’enjawulo ezikwata ku by’obulambuzi nga ebitongole by’entambula, wooteeri/ebifo ebisanyukirwamu n’ebirala. Omukutu gwa yintaneeti:http://www.ftairaq.org/

Emikutu gya yintaneeti egy’ebyobusuubuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi

Wano waliwo emikutu gy’empuliziganya egy’ebyenfuna n’ebyobusuubuzi mu Iraq: 1. Minisitule y’ebyobusuubuzi (http://www.mot.gov.iq): Omukutu omutongole ogwa Minisitule y’ebyobusuubuzi guwa amawulire ku nkola z’ebyobusuubuzi, ebiragiro, ebiyingizibwa mu ggwanga, ebifulumizibwa ebweru w’eggwanga, n’emikisa gy’okusiga ensimbi mu Iraq. 2. Bbanka Enkulu eya Iraq (https://cbi.iq): Omukutu gwa Bbanka Enkulu gukuwa ebipya ku nkola z’ensimbi, emiwendo gy’ensimbi, amateeka ga bbanka, n’ebiraga ebyenfuna. Era egaba amawulire ku mikisa gy’okusiga ensimbi n’ebiragiro eri bamusigansimbi abava ebweru. 3. Federation of Iraqi Chambers of Commerce (http://www.ficc.org.iq): Omukutu guno gukiikirira ebirungi bya bizinensi n’ebibiina by’abasuubuzi mu Iraq. Ewa dayirekita ya bizinensi za wano, amawulire agakwata ku by’enfuna, kalenda y’emikolo gy’ebyobusuubuzi, n’obuweereza eri bammemba. 4. Akakiiko k’abasigansimbi mu Iraq (http://investpromo.gov.iq): Omukutu gw’akakiiko k’abasigansimbi gutumbula emikisa gy’okusiga ensimbi mu bitundu eby’enjawulo okwetoloola Iraq. Ewa amawulire ku pulojekiti eziriwo, ebisikiriza bamusigansimbi, amateeka agafuga okusiga ensimbi, n’emitendera gy’okutandikawo bizinensi. 5. Ekibiina ky’abasuubuzi n’amakolero ekya Iraqi American Chamber of Commerce and Industry (https://iraqi-american-chamber.com): Ekibiina kino kyanguyiza enkolagana ya bizinensi wakati w’Abairaq n’Abamerika nga kiwa emikisa gy’okukolagana nga bayita mu mikolo oba okukola ku nsonga ezituuka ku basuubuzi abanoonya okuteeka ssente oba okukola bizinensi mu mawanga gombi. 6. Baghdad Chamber of Commerce (http://bcci-iq.com) – Kino kye kimu ku Chambers nnyingi ez’omu kitundu eziweereddwayo okutumbula bizinensi za wano mu katale ka Baghdad – omuli n’emigaso gyazo– satifikeeti eziweebwa n’enkola enzijuvu okutumbula abasuubuzi n’ebipya ebipya & eby'okukozesa 7.Economic Development Board - Kurdistan Region Government(http://ekurd.net/edekr-com) -Omukutu guno gugatta abayinza okukolagana n’ebitongole bya gavumenti ebikulu mu Minisitule za KRG nga Business Support Directorate & Economic Coordination Unit evunaanyizibwa ku kuyamba ensi yonna amakampuni agafaayo ku nnyiriri facilities.records

Emikutu gy’empuliziganya egy’okubuuza data mu by’obusuubuzi

Waliwo emikutu emitongole egiwerako egy’okubuuza ebikwata ku by’obusuubuzi mu Iraq. Bino bye bimu ku byo wamu ne URL zaabwe: 1. Ekitongole kya Central Organization for Statistics and Information Technology (COSIT): Omukutu gwa COSIT guwa ebibalo ebikwata ku mirimu gy’ebyenfuna n’ebyobusuubuzi mu Iraq. Osobola okufuna ebikwata ku by’obusuubuzi, obungi bw’ebintu ebiyingizibwa mu ggwanga/ebifulumizibwa ebweru w’eggwanga, n’ebiraga ebyenfuna ebirala ng’oyita ku mukutu gwabwe. URL: http://cosit.gov.iq/ Omukutu gwa yintaneeti ogwa http://cosit.gov.iq/ 2. Minisitule y’ebyobusuubuzi: Omukutu gwa Minisitule y’ebyobusuubuzi guwa amawulire ku nkola z’obusuubuzi bw’ebweru, ebiragiro, enkola ya Kasawo, n’emikisa gy’okusiga ensimbi mu Iraq. Era egaba okufuna ebikwata ku by’obusuubuzi nga ebibalo by’okuyingiza/okufulumya ebweru okusinziira ku bitundu n’okumenyaamenya mu nsi. URL: https://www.ebyobusuubuzi.gov.iq/ 3.Iraqi Customs Authority (ICA): Omukutu omutongole ogwa ICA gusobozesa abakozesa okunoonya ebiwandiiko ebikwata ku nkolagana y’okuyingiza/okufulumya ebweru, emisolo, emisolo, emisolo gya kasitooma, n’ebirala. Ewa omukutu omujjuvu ogw’okufuna ebikwata ku by’obusuubuzi ebikwatagana mu ggwanga. URL: http://eby’obuwangwa.mof.gov.iq/ 4.Iraqi Market Information Center (IMIC): IMIC kifo ekiddukanyizibwa gavumenti ekiyamba okunoonyereza ku katale n’okwekenneenya ebikwata ku bitundu eby’enjawulo mu Iraq omuli amafuta/ggaasi ow’obutonde ebweru w’eggwanga/okuyingiza mu makolero,n’emikisa emirala egisobola okubaawo mu bizinensi.Ng’ekimu ku mpeereza yaayo ,era mulimu n’ebikwata ku by’obusuubuzi.URL:http://www.imiclipit.org/ Emikutu gino girina okukuwa amawulire ag’omuwendo agakwata ku mirimu gy’obusuubuzi munda mu ggwanga,nga emiwendo gy’okuyingiza/okufulumya ebweru,okulongoosa enkola,ebika,n’ebikwata ku makolero.Kakasa nti onoonyereza ku mikutu gino obulungi kuba gijja kukuyamba okufuna amagezi ku... Akatale ka Iraq.

Ebifo bya B2b

Iraq nsi erimu emikutu gya B2B egy’enjawulo egigatta bizinensi n’okwanguyiza eby’obusuubuzi. Wano waliwo emikutu gya B2B mu Iraq: 1. Hala Expo: Omukutu guno gwakuguse mu kutegeka emyoleso gy’ebyobusuubuzi n’emyoleso gy’ensi yonna mu Iraq, nga guwa abasuubuzi emikisa okukolagana n’okwolesa ebintu oba empeereza zaabwe. Omukutu gwa yintaneeti: www.hala-expo.com. 2. Akatale ka Facebook: Wadde nga si mukutu gwa B2B gwokka, Facebook Marketplace ekozesebwa nnyo abasuubuzi b’e Iraq okutumbula ebintu byabwe n’okutuuka ku bakasitoma abayinza okubeera bakasitoma mu kitundu. Omukutu gwa yintaneeti: www.facebook.com/akatale. 3. Middle East Trading Company (METCO): METCO kkampuni ya Iraq ekola nga B2B platform, ng’egatta abaguzi n’abatunzi mu makolero ag’enjawulo ng’ebintu eby’obulimi, ebikozesebwa mu kuzimba, eddagala, ebyuma, n’ebirala. Omukutu gwa yintaneeti: www.metcoiraq.com. 4. Akatale ka Iraq (IMP): IMP katale ka yintaneeti akakola ku bintu ebiwerako omuli ebyobulimi, okuzimba, ebyobulamu, amafuta ne ggaasi, ebyuma by’amasimu, ebitundu by’emmotoka, n’ebirala. Egatta abasuubuzi n’abaguzi mu ggwanga n’ensi yonna abaagala okukola bizinensi ne kkampuni ezisangibwa mu Iraq. Omukutu gwa yintaneeti: www.imarketplaceiraq.com. 5.Tradekey Iraq: Tradekey katale ka B2B mu nsi yonna akalimu Iraq mu lukalala lw’amawanga gaayo agalina emikutu egyetongodde egy’okukolagana mu bizinensi n’okuyunga abaguzi ab’ensi yonna ku basuubuzi ba Iraq aba wano mu makolero ag’enjawulo nga emmere n’ebyokunywa, ebyuma ebizimba ebyuma ebyuma ebyuma n’ebirala, Omukutu gwa yintaneeti :www.tradekey.com/ir Bino bye byokulabirako ebitonotono ku nkola za B2B ezisangibwa mu Iraq ennaku zino; wabula nsaba omanye nti okubeerawo kuyinza okwawukana okumala ekiseera nga emikutu emipya gifuluma ate emirala giyinza okufuuka egy’edda oba obutakola nnyo.
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