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Amasoko Nkuru
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Incamake y'igihugu
Eritereya, izwi ku izina rya Leta ya Eritereya, ni igihugu giherereye mu burasirazuba bwa Afurika. Irahana imbibi na Sudani mu burengerazuba, Etiyopiya mu majyepfo, Djibouti mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba, kandi igabana umupaka w'amazi na Yemeni. Eritereya yabonye ubwigenge muri Etiyopiya mu 1993 nyuma y'intambara imaze igihe kinini yitwaje intwaro yamaze imyaka mirongo itatu. Ubuso bwa kilometero kare 117,600, Eritereya ifite ahantu nyaburanga hatandukanye kuva ku misozi kugera mu bibaya. Umurwa mukuru n'umujyi munini w'igihugu ni Asmara. Hafi y’abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 6, Eritereya ituwe n’amoko menshi arimo Tigrinya (nini cyane), Tigre, Saho, Bilen, Rashaida n'abandi. Indimi zemewe zivugwa muri Eritereya ni Tigrinya n'Icyarabu; ariko Icyongereza nacyo kivugwa cyane kubera amateka yacyo nk'abakoloni b'Abataliyani mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose. Amadini menshi akorerwa muri Eritereya ni Islamu ikurikirwa n'ubukristo. Mu bukungu, bitewe nuburinganire bwaho hafi yinzira nini zoherezwa hamwe numutungo kamere nka zahabu, umuringa, zinc, n'umunyu wabitswe, Eritereya ifite amahirwe menshi yo kuzamuka mubukungu. Guverinoma yibanze ku guteza imbere imishinga y'ibikorwa remezo nk'imihanda n'ibyambu kugira ngo ishoramari ry’amahanga. Sosiyete yo muri Eritereya izenguruka indangagaciro z'umuryango zifitanye isano ikomeye. Imigenzo nkimihango yikawa ikunze kugaragara mubiterane rusange. Abanya Eritereya bishimira ibihangano byabo n'ubukorikori gakondo birimo gukora imitako ikomeye n'imyenda idoze cyane ihagarariye amatsinda atandukanye. Icyakora, Eritea ihura n’ibibazo birimo gukandamizwa muri politiki, kwihanganira amapfa, n’ubwisanzure buke bw’abaturage. Guverinoma y’igihugu ibuza ubwisanzure mu gutanga ibitekerezo, abatavuga rumwe na politiki, ndetse n’itangazamakuru ryigenga. Kubera iyo mpamvu, imiryango itandukanye iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu yazamuye impungenge kuri ibyo bibazo abantu batuye hano. Mu gusoza, Eritea, igihugu gito, cyuzuyemo ibibazo bya politiki, ubukungu, n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage, gikomeje guharanira umutekano n'iterambere.
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Eritereya, izwi ku izina rya Leta ya Eritereya, ni igihugu giherereye mu ihembe rya Afurika. Kugeza ubu, Eritereya ntabwo ifite ifaranga ryayo bwite. Isoko ryemewe ryemewe mubikorwa bya buri munsi mubyukuri ni Umunyetiyopiya Birr (ETB). Amateka, igihe Eritereya yabonye ubwigenge muri Etiyopiya mu 1993, yazanye ifaranga ryayo ryitwa Eritereya nakfa. Icyakora, kubera ihungabana rya politiki n’ibibazo by’ubukungu igihugu cyahuye nacyo mu myaka yashize, harimo amakimbirane n’ibihugu bituranye n’ibihano byafashwe n’imiryango mpuzamahanga, guverinoma yafashe icyemezo cyo gutesha agaciro no guhagarika igipimo cy’ivunjisha ry’ifaranga ryabo. Nkigisubizo, yatakaje agaciro kayo ugereranije nandi mafranga yamahanga. Kuva icyo gihe, ubucuruzi n’abantu ku giti cyabo bakoresha cyane cyane Etiyopiya Birr mu bucuruzi bwa buri munsi muri Eritereya. Uku kwishingikiriza ku ifaranga ry’amahanga byateje ibibazo bimwe mu bukungu haba ku baturage ndetse no mu bucuruzi. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko gukoresha ifaranga ry’ikindi gihugu bishobora gutera ingorane mu mishyikirano y’ubucuruzi n’ingaruka z’ivunjisha ku baturage bakora ubucuruzi n’ibindi bihugu. Kubura ifaranga ryigenga binagabanya kugenzura leta kuri politiki y’ifaranga no guhungabana mu bukungu. Mu gusoza, Eritereya yishingikirije ku Banyetiyopiya Birr nk'uburyo bukuru bw'amasoko yemewe n'amategeko kubera ibintu byabayeho mu mateka n'ibibazo by'ubukungu igihugu cyugarije. Kutagira ifaranga ryigenga byigenga bitera imbogamizi ariko kuri ubu ni igice cyemewe mubuzima bwa buri munsi kubantu baba muri Eritereya.
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Amasoko yemewe na Eritereya ni Nakfa. Kugeza ubu, Eritereya ntiratangaza ku mugaragaro igipimo cy’ivunjisha ryemewe n’ifaranga rikomeye ku isi. Nyamara, ukurikije uko isoko ry’ivunjisha ryifashe, ku isoko ritemewe, amadolari 1 y’Amerika angana na nakas 15 kugeza 17. Nyamuneka menya ko iyi mibare ari igereranyo gusa kandi ibintu bifatika birashobora guhinduka. Birasabwa kugisha inama amakuru yanyuma yo kuvunja mugihe bikenewe.
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Eritereya, igihugu giherereye mu ihembe rya Afurika, gifite iminsi mikuru myinshi ikomeye y'igihugu ifite umuco n'amateka. Iyi minsi mikuru yizihizwa nishyaka ryinshi kandi igahuza abantu kubaha imigenzo numurage wabo. Umunsi wubwigenge numwe mubiruhuko byingenzi muri Eritereya. Yizihijwe ku ya 24 Gicurasi, ni umunsi Eritereya yabonye ubwigenge muri Etiyopiya mu 1991 nyuma y'urugamba rurerure kandi rw'amaraso. Muri ibyo birori harimo parade, ibitaramo bya muzika, imbyino gakondo, na disikuru zigaragaza ibyo igihugu kimaze kugera ku bwigenge. Undi munsi mukuru w'ingenzi ni umunsi w'abahowe Imana, wizihizwa ku ya 20 Kamena buri mwaka. Uyu munsi urashimira abitanze ubuzima bwabo mugihe cyo guharanira ubwigenge bwa Eritereya. Abantu basura amarimbi kugirango bibuke intwari zaguye bashyira indabyo n'indabyo ku mva zabo. Abanya Eritereya kandi bizihiza umunsi w’ubumwe bw’igihugu ku ya 24 Ugushyingo. Uyu munsi mukuru wibutse ishingwa rya federasiyo hagati ya Eritereya na Etiyopiya mu 1952 mbere yuko yomekwa na Etiyopiya nyuma. Yubaha ibyifuzo byubumwe mubihugu byombi mugihe imenya imico n'imigenzo. Meskel (Gushaka Umusaraba Ukuri) ni umunsi mukuru wa gikirisitu wa orotodogisi ya Etiyopiya ya kera wizihizwa cyane muri Eritereya. Yizihizwa buri mwaka ku ya 27 Nzeri cyangwa hafi yiyi tariki ukurikije ibarwa ya kalendari y'Itorero rya orotodogisi muri Etiyopiya, irerekana ivumburwa ry'umusaraba wa Yesu Kristo na Saint Helena i Yeruzalemu mu kinyejana cya kane nyuma ya Yesu. na bonfires gucanwa byerekana akamaro kayo mu idini. Muri rusange, ibi birori byerekana amateka akomeye ya Eritea, kwihangana, imico itandukanye, no gushimangira ishema ryigihugu mubenegihugu bayo mugihe bibuka ibihe byingenzi byahinduye igihugu cyabo uko gihagaze muri iki gihe.
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Eritereya, iherereye mu ihembe rya Afurika, ni igihugu gito gituwe n'abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 5.3. Ubukungu bw'igihugu bushingiye cyane ku buhinzi, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, na serivisi. Ku bijyanye n'ubucuruzi, Eritereya yohereza cyane cyane ibicuruzwa nk'amabuye y'agaciro (zahabu, umuringa, zinc), amatungo (inka n'ingamiya), imyenda, n'ibikomoka ku buhinzi nk'imbuto n'imboga. Abafatanyabikorwa bayo bakomeye barimo Ubutaliyani, Ubushinwa, Arabiya Sawudite, Sudani, na Qatar. Ku rundi ruhande, Eritereya itumiza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye birimo imashini n'ibikoresho byo gucukura no kubaka. Itumiza kandi ibicuruzwa mu biribwa nk'umuceri n'ingano kubera kwihaza mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'ubuhinzi. Amasoko akomeye yatumijwe muri Eritereya harimo Ubushinwa, Ubutaliyani Misiri, na Turukiya. Guverinoma yashyizeho uduce twinshi tw’ubucuruzi kugira ngo dukurure ishoramari ry’amahanga mu nzego nk’inganda mu bijyanye no gukurura ishoramari ritaziguye (FDI). Uturere twubuntu dutanga imisoro kugirango duteze imbere inganda nkimyenda yimyenda ifasha ibikenerwa mu gihugu. Icyakora ， ni ngombwa kuvuga ko Eritereya yahuye n’ibibazo byinshi bya politiki n’ibihugu bituranye n’ibibazo by’umupaka byagize ingaruka ku kuzamuka kw’ubukungu. Izi mbogamizi zibangamira amahirwe y’ubufatanye mpuzamahanga mu bucuruzi bushobora gufasha mu iterambere ry’ubukungu mu gutanga amasoko mashya ku bicuruzwa byaho. Muri rusange igihombo cy’ubucuruzi gikomeje kuba ikibazo gikomeye ku bukungu bwa Eritereya kuko gihanganye n’ubushobozi buke bwo kohereza mu mahanga hagati y’ibibazo bitandukanye by’imbere harimo n’ibikorwa remezo bidahagije. Byongeye kandi ， ibihano byashyizwe mu bikorwa n’ibihugu bimwe na bimwe kubera impungenge z’uburenganzira bwa muntu byagize ingaruka ku mahirwe mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi kuri iki gihugu。 Mu gusoza situation Ubucuruzi bwa Eritereya muri iki gihe bugaragaza ubukungu bushingiye cyane ku buhinzi mu gihe bugerageza gutandukana binyuze mu ishoramari mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro Trade Ubucuruzi bw’ubuntu. Nubwo bimeze bityo, def defisit yubucuruzi ikomeje kuba ingorabahizi hamwe n’ibibazo bya politiki bigabanya amahirwe yo kuzamuka。
Iterambere ryisoko
Eritereya ifite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Nkigihugu giherereye mu ihembe rya Afrika, gifite uburyo bwo kugera kumihanda minini yo kohereza. Ibi biha Eritereya uburyo bwiza bwo gucuruza ibicuruzwa na serivisi ku masoko yo mu karere no ku isi. Imwe mu nzego zingenzi zigira uruhare mu bucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi bwa Eritereya ni ubucukuzi. Igihugu gifite amabuye y'agaciro menshi nka zahabu, umuringa, zinc, na potas. Hamwe n’ishoramari rikwiye mu bikorwa remezo n’ikoranabuhanga, Eritereya irashobora gukurura amasosiyete y’amahanga ashishikajwe no gukuramo ubwo butunzi bw'agaciro. Ibi ntabwo byazamura ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga gusa ahubwo binatanga amahirwe yo kubona akazi no kuzamura ubukungu. Urwego rw’ubuhinzi rutanga kandi ibyiringiro by’iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Eritereya. Igihugu gifite ubutaka burumbuka bukwiriye guhingwa ibihingwa bitandukanye birimo ibinyampeke, imbuto, imboga, ikawa, na pamba. Mu kunoza imikorere y’ubuhinzi hifashishijwe tekiniki zigezweho no gushora imari muri gahunda yo kuhira, Eritereya irashobora kongera ubushobozi bw’umusaruro kugira ngo ishobore gukemura ibibazo by’imbere mu gihugu mu gihe yigaragaza nk’isoko ryizewe ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Byongeye kandi, ubukerarugendo bugaragaza indi nzira yo kuzamura ubukungu binyuze mu iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Eritereya ifite ahantu hihariye h'amateka nk'ubukorikori bwa Asmara bwubukorikori bwemewe na UNESCO ku rutonde rw'umurage w'isi. Byongeye kandi, ifite inkombe nziza zinyanja itukura itunganijwe neza mubikorwa byubukerarugendo bwo ku mucanga nko guswera no kwibira. Guteza imbere ibyo bikurura ba mukerarugendo mpuzamahanga bishobora kugira uruhare runini mu kongera amafaranga y’amahanga. Nubwo ubu bushobozi bunini bwo guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwo hanze mubice bitandukanye byavuzwe haruguru, Eritereya ihura n’ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bigomba gukemurwa neza: kubura ibikorwa remezo bihagije birimo imiyoboro itwara abantu; uburyo buke bwo kubona amahirwe yo gutera inkunga; amakimbirane ya politiki agira ingaruka ku mibanire y’ibihugu by’ibihugu bituranye byadindije ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka. Kugira ngo hafungurwe burundu ubushobozi bw’ubucuruzi bwo hanze, ni ngombwa ko abayobozi ba leta ya Eritereya bibanda cyane ku gukemura ibibazo remezo bikenerwa, bigatuma hashyirwaho ibikoresho by’ibikoresho by’ibikoresho, ndetse no gushyira ingufu mu bikorwa by’ububanyi n'amahanga bigamije gushimangira umubano mwiza n’imibanire myiza n’abaturanyi kugira ngo umutekano w’ubufatanye n’ubufatanye. Muri rusange, hamwe nishoramari rikwiye mubice byingenzi, hamwe nimbaraga zo gutsinda ibibazo Eritereya ifite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga no kugira uruhare mu kuzamuka kw’ubukungu.
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ku bijyanye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bizwi ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Eritereya, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ubukungu bw’igihugu, ibyo abaguzi bakunda, ndetse n’ibikenewe. Hano hari inama nkeya zuburyo bwo gukomeza guhitamo ibi bicuruzwa bigurishwa: 1. Kora ubushakashatsi ku isoko: Tangira usobanukirwa nubukungu nubushobozi bwa Eritereya. Menya inganda n’inganda zingenzi igihugu gifite inyungu zo guhatanira amasoko cyangwa amasoko agaragara. 2. Suzuma ibyo abaguzi bakunda: Wige umuco waho, imibereho, hamwe nubushobozi bwo kugura abakiriya ba Eritereya. Reba ibicuruzwa bihuye nibyo bakeneye hamwe nibyo bakunda mugihe utanga kandi ikintu kidasanzwe cyangwa kitaboneka mugace. 3. Wibande ku musaruro w’ubuhinzi: Urebye ubukungu bw’ubuhinzi, ibikomoka ku buhinzi bifite amahirwe menshi yo kohereza muri Eritereya. Shakisha amahitamo nkibishyimbo bya kawa, ibirungo (nka cumin cyangwa turmeric), imbuto (imyembe cyangwa papayi), cyangwa imboga (inyanya cyangwa igitunguru). 4. Guteza imbere ubukorikori: Ubukorikori bushimisha abakiriya mpuzamahanga kubera umwihariko wabo n'umuco wabo. Shishikariza abanyabukorikori gukora ubukorikori gakondo nk'ububumbyi, imyenda iboshywe nka shaweli cyangwa ibitambaro, ibiti, ibiti, ibiseke bikozwe mu bikoresho byaho. 5. Gutezimbere ibintu bitunganya ubuhinzi: Tekereza gushora imari mubikorwa byo gutunganya ubuhinzi muri Eritereya kugirango hongerwe agaciro umusaruro wubuhinzi nkibishyimbo bya kawa muri kawa yubutaka biteguye koherezwa hanze; ibi birashobora kongera ibicuruzwa mugihe ufunguye amasoko mashya. 6.Kumenyekanisha imyenda gakondo: Isoko ryimyambarire yukuri yerekana umuco wa Eritereya ukoresheje imyenda n'ibishushanyo byaho - ibi birashobora gukurura ba mukerarugendo kimwe nabaguzi babanyamahanga bashishikajwe nimyambarire idasanzwe. 7.Gusuzuma ubushobozi bw'amabuye y'agaciro: Gusuzuma inganda zicukura amabuye y'agaciro bishobora gufasha kumenya amabuye y'agaciro aboneka mu gihugu ashobora gushakishwa ku isi yose nka zahabu, tantalumu, nikel, umuringa n'ibindi 8.Reba ibisubizo byingufu zishobora kuvugururwa: Erectria yerekana ingufu zituruka kumirasire y'izuba.Kubera akarere gakakaye, ubushyuhe bwamazi yizuba, amatara yizuba birashobora kuba umutungo wingenzi mugutezimbere. 9. Kubaka ubufatanye: Gushiraho umubano nubucuruzi bwaho, amashyirahamwe, n’amashyirahamwe yubucuruzi muri Eritereya. Gufatanya kugirango ubone ubumenyi kubisabwa ku isoko, inzitizi zo kwinjira no kuvumbura amahirwe ashoboka. 10. Menya neza ubuziranenge no kubahiriza: Shyira imbere ingamba zo kugenzura ubuziranenge kugirango ubungabunge ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga byoherezwa mu mahanga. Kurikiza ibisabwa n'amategeko kugirango amategeko agenga ubucuruzi n'impamyabumenyi. Wibuke ko gutsinda kw'ibicuruzwa ibyo ari byo byose ku masoko yo hanze biterwa n'ubushakashatsi bunoze, guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, guhora ukurikirana imigendekere y'isoko, no guhuza ibicuruzwa bidoda ukurikije ibyo abaguzi bakeneye.
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Ibiranga abakiriya muri Eritereya: 1. Kwakira abashyitsi: Abaturage ba Eritereya bazwiho kwakira neza no kwakira abashyitsi. Bafata abashyitsi icyubahiro cyinshi kandi bakira ibimenyetso, bigatuma abashyitsi bumva bari murugo. 2. Kubaha abasaza: Mu muco wa Eritereya, abasaza bafite umwanya wubahwa kandi barubahwa cyane. Abakiriya, cyane cyane abakiri bato, bakunda kwerekana ko bubaha abantu bakuze mugihe bakorana nabo muburyo butandukanye. 3. Imyumvire ikomeye yabaturage: Abanya Eritereya bafite imyumvire ikomeye yabaturage kandi bashyira imbere ubwumvikane bwamatsinda kuruta ibyo buri muntu akeneye. Abakiriya barashobora guha agaciro ibikorwa byo gufata ibyemezo rusange aho kuba inzira yumuntu ku giti cye mugihe cyo kugura cyangwa ibiganiro byubucuruzi. 4. Umuco wo guhahirana: Guhahirana birasanzwe mumasoko no mubucuruzi buciriritse muri Eritereya. Kuganira ibiciro biteganijwe mugihe uguze ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi kubacuruzi baho cyangwa abanyabukorikori. Ni ngombwa ko abakiriya bitabira ibiganiro byinshuti mugihe bakomeje ikinyabupfura. Kirazira cyangwa ibyiyumvo byumuco: 1.Kwiyumvisha amadini: Iyobokamana rifite uruhare runini mubuzima bwa benshi bo muri Eritereya, bityo rero umuntu agomba kwegera ibiganiro by’amadini yitonze kandi akubaha imyizerere cyangwa imigenzo itandukanye ihura nazo mugihe cyo gukorana nabakiriya. 2.Ibiganiro bya politiki: Ingingo za politiki zirashobora gukomera kubera amakimbirane yashize, ibibazo by’uburenganzira bwa muntu, cyangwa izindi mpaka zijyanye nabyo mu mateka y’igihugu; nibyiza rero kwirinda kwishora mubiganiro byashizwe muri politiki keretse utumiwe nabakiriya ubwabo. 3.Ururimi rw'umubiri: Ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bishobora kwemerwa ahandi bishobora gufatwa nkaho bibabaje mu muco w’umuco wa Eritereya - nko gutunga urutoki umuntu cyangwa kwereka ibirenge byawe umuntu wicaye - ni ngombwa rero kuzirikana imvugo yumubiri. mugihe ukora ibikorwa byubucuruzi. 4.Uruhare rwuburinganire nuburinganire: Inshingano zuburinganire gakondo ziracyariho muri societe; Niyo mpamvu, abakiriya bagomba kwitondera ibibazo bijyanye n’uburinganire nko gukemura uruhare rw’umugore mu bihe byihariye kandi bakirinda ibitekerezo bishingiye ku myumvire ijyanye n’akazi cyangwa imbaraga z’umuryango. Nibyiza kwegera abakiriya ba Eritereya bafite umuco wo kumva umuco, kubaha imigenzo yaho, no gusobanukirwa nibiranga umwihariko wabo kugirango habeho itumanaho ryiza no kubaka umubano ukomeye.
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Eritereya ni igihugu giherereye mu ihembe rya Afurika. Ifite imigenzo ihamye neza na sisitemu y’abinjira ku mipaka yayo. Imicungire ya gasutamo y'igihugu igamije kugenzura no kugenzura urujya n'uruza rw'ibicuruzwa, abantu, n'ibinyabiziga byambukiranya imipaka. Iyo winjiye cyangwa uvuye muri Eritereya, hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe byingenzi ugomba kuzirikana bijyanye na gasutamo: 1. Ibyangombwa bisabwa: Abagenzi bagomba kuba bafite pasiporo yemewe hasigaye nibura amezi atandatu. Ubusanzwe viza isabwa kandi kugirango yinjire muri Eritereya, nubwo abaturage bo mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe bashobora gusonerwa iki cyifuzo. Nibyiza kugenzurwa na ambasade ya Eritereya cyangwa konsuline hafi yo gukora ingendo. 2. Ibintu bibujijwe: Ibintu bimwe birabujijwe gutumizwa cyangwa koherezwa muri Eritereya nta ruhushya rwabanje, harimo imbunda, ibiyobyabwenge, ibikoresho byerekana porunogarafiya, n’ibicuruzwa byiganano. 3. Amafaranga atangirwa umusoro: Abagenzi bemerewe kuzana ibintu byabo kubwibyo bakoresha nta musoro; icyakora, hashobora kubaho imbogamizi kumubare wibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bifatwa nkugukoresha kugiti cyawe (urugero, ibicuruzwa by itabi n'inzoga). 4. Menyesha ibicuruzwa by'agaciro: Niba utwaye ibintu by'agaciro nka elegitoroniki ihenze cyangwa imitako iyo winjiye muri Eritereya, ni ngombwa kubitangaza mu buryo bweruye kuri gasutamo ukihagera kugira ngo hatabaho ubwumvikane buke nyuma. 5. Amabwiriza y’ifaranga: Hariho amategeko abuza kwinjiza amafaranga menshi y’amahanga mu gihugu nta gutangaza neza nk'uko amategeko ya Eritereya abiteganya. Nibyiza kumenyera aya mabwiriza mbere. 6.Ibibujijwe ku bihangano ndangamuco: Kohereza ibicuruzwa mu muco nkibintu byavumbuwe kera cyangwa ibintu by’amateka bifite amateka atabiherewe uruhushya n’inzego zibishinzwe birashobora guteza ingaruka z’amategeko haba muri Eritereya ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga. 7.Kubaha gasutamo & Etiquette: Iyo usabana nabashinzwe za gasutamo cyangwa abandi baturage mugihe muri Eritereya, ni ngombwa kwerekana ko bubaha umuco wabo kandi bagakurikiza amahame yimyitwarire. Aya mabwiriza agamije gutanga amakuru rusange yerekeye sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo muri Eritereya. Abagenzi bagomba kuzirikana ko amabwiriza ashobora guhinduka, kandi burigihe nibyiza kugisha inama inkomoko cyangwa gushaka ubuyobozi mubuyobozi bubishinzwe mbere yingendo.
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Eritereya, iherereye mu ihembe rya Afurika, ifite politiki y’imisoro itumizwa mu mahanga kugira ngo igenzure ibicuruzwa byinjira mu gihugu. Amahoro yatumijwe mu mahanga ashyirwa ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye bitumizwa mu mahanga mu rwego rwo kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu no kwinjiza leta amafaranga. Igipimo cy’imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga kiratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Kurugero, ibikenerwa byibanze nkibiryo byibiribwa, imiti, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe by’ubuhinzi bihabwa imisoro yo hasi cyangwa yasonewe ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga kugira ngo bibe byoroshye kandi biboneka. Ku rundi ruhande, ibintu byiza cyane nk'imodoka, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, n'ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bikurura imisoro iva mu mahanga. Aya mahoro yo hejuru agamije guca intege cyane ibicuruzwa bidakenewe no guteza imbere umusaruro waho niba bishoboka. Byongeye kandi, Eritereya yashyize mu bikorwa imisoro y’inyongera ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bigaragara ko byangiza cyangwa bitangiza ibidukikije. Ibi birimo ibicuruzwa byitabi, ibinyobwa bisindisha kimwe nibikoresho byo gupakira bidashobora kwangirika. Ikigamijwe ntabwo ari ukubyara amafaranga yinyongera gusa ahubwo tunashishikarize gukoresha ibicuruzwa mugihe urengera ibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, rimwe na rimwe Eritereya ihindura igipimo cy’imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga ishingiye ku bitekerezo by’ubukungu n’imishyikirano y’ubucuruzi n’ibindi bihugu cyangwa imiryango mpuzamahanga nk’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’ubucuruzi (WTO). Iri hindurwa rishobora kubamo kugabanya ibiciro ku byiciro byihariye bitumizwa mu mahanga cyangwa gusonerwa by'agateganyo mu bihe byihutirwa cyangwa mu bihe bikomeye. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko ibyangombwa bisabwa nka imenyekanisha rya gasutamo na fagitire ikwiye birakenewe ku bicuruzwa byose byinjira muri Eritereya. Kutubahiriza aya mabwiriza birashobora gutuma ibihano cyangwa kwamburwa ibicuruzwa n’ubuyobozi bwa gasutamo. Muri rusange, politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe muri Eritereya igamije kurinda inganda z’ingenzi hashyirwaho ibiciro bitandukanye by’ibiciro bishingiye ku byiciro by’ibicuruzwa. Byongeye kandi, irashaka kwinjiza amafaranga mu iterambere ry’igihugu mu gihe iteza imbere imikorere y’imikoreshereze ijyanye n’intego zo kubungabunga ibidukikije
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Eritereya, igihugu giherereye mu ihembe rya Afurika, gifite politiki yuzuye yo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Igihugu gisora ​​imisoro ku bicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze hashingiwe ku bintu bitandukanye nk'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa n'agaciro kacyo. Politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga ya Eritereya igamije guteza imbere ubukungu n’iterambere mu kwinjiza leta kandi ikanarinda inganda zo mu gihugu. Igihugu gishyiraho imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga cyane cyane ku mutungo kamere, ibikomoka ku buhinzi, n’ibicuruzwa byakozwe. Igipimo cy’imisoro kiratandukanye bitewe nibicuruzwa byihariye byoherezwa hanze. Kurugero, Eritereya ikoresha igipimo cyimisoro itandukanye kubintu nkamabuye y'agaciro (harimo zahabu n'umuringa), ibikomoka ku bworozi (nk'impu n'impu), ikawa, imyenda, ibiryo bitunganijwe, ibikoresho by'imashini, imiti, n'ibindi bicuruzwa byakozwe. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko Eritereya ishishikariza ibikorwa byo kongerera agaciro imbibi zayo. Kubwibyo, irashobora gutanga imisoro yo hasi cyangwa na zeru yoherezwa mubicuruzwa bitunganijwe cyangwa byahinduwe byanyuze mubikorwa bikomeye byo gukora mugihugu. Kugirango hubahirizwe aya mabwiriza n'ibisabwa mu misoro mugihe cyoherezwa mu mahanga, ababifitemo inyungu bagomba kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa byabo neza kuri bariyeri. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze basabwa gutanga ibyangombwa nkenerwa birimo inyemezabuguzi zubucuruzi zisobanura ibicuruzwa hamwe nimpushya zemewe niba bishoboka. Politiki yo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Eritereya irashaka gushyira mu gaciro hagati yo kuzamura ubukungu binyuze mu byoherezwa mu mahanga mu rwego rwo kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu. Mugushiraho imisoro kubicuruzwa bimwe byoherezwa hanze hashingiwe kubwoko bwabyo hamwe ningamba zo kongera agaciro mumipaka ya Eritereya birashishikarizwa cyane. Aya makuru atanga incamake ya politiki yo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze muri Eritereya; icyakora amakuru arambuye arashobora kuboneka mumasoko ya leta bireba cyangwa amashyirahamwe yubucuruzi mbere yo kwishora mubikorwa ibyoherezwa hanze na Eritereya.
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Eritereya ni igihugu giherereye mu ihembe rya Afurika. Yabonye ubwigenge muri Etiyopiya mu 1993 kandi kuva icyo gihe yibanda ku guteza imbere ubukungu bwayo binyuze mu nganda zitandukanye. Kugirango hamenyekane ubuziranenge n’amategeko y’ibicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze, Eritereya yashyizeho uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Icyemezo cyo kohereza hanze muri Eritereya kirimo intambwe nyinshi. Icyambere, abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bakeneye kwandikisha ubucuruzi bwabo mubigo bya leta bireba nka minisiteri yubucuruzi ninganda. Iyandikwa ryemeza ko ikigo cyohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga byemewe n'amategeko kandi cyujuje ibisabwa byose. Icya kabiri, abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba kubona ibyangombwa cyangwa impushya zo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Izi mpushya ziratandukanye bitewe nubwoko bwibicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze, nkibicuruzwa byubuhinzi cyangwa ibicuruzwa byakozwe. Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi irashobora gutanga ibyemezo by’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, mu gihe izindi minisiteri cyangwa inzego zishinzwe kugenzura ibyemezo by’inzego zitandukanye. Icya gatatu, abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba kubahiriza amahame n’ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga kugira ngo babone ibyemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga. Ibi bikubiyemo kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bwumutekano, bifite ibimenyetso bikwiye kandi bipfunyika, kandi byujuje ibisabwa byihariye byashyizweho n’ibihugu bitumiza mu mahanga. Usibye izi ntambwe, abatumiza mu mahanga bo muri Eritereya bashobora kandi gukenera gutanga ibyangombwa bijyanye na gasutamo ndetse n’ubucuruzi bw’imari mugihe cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Iyi mpapuro ifasha gukurikirana ibicuruzwa no gushyiraho umucyo mubikorwa byubucuruzi. Ni ngombwa ko abatumiza ibicuruzwa muri Eritereya bamenyera ibisabwa byihariye kuri buri soko ryifuza kohereza hanze. Ibihugu bitandukanye bifite amategeko atandukanye yerekeye gutumiza mu mahanga, nk’ingamba z’isuku cyangwa igipimo cy’ibiciro. Abashora ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba kumenya ibyo basabwa mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa byabo mumahanga. Muri rusange, kubona ibyemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Eritereya bikubiyemo kwandikisha ibikorwa byawe mu nzego zibishinzwe, kubona uruhushya / ibicuruzwa byihariye iyo bisabwa n'amategeko cyangwa amabwiriza; kubahiriza ibipimo ngenderwaho mpuzamahanga; gutanga ibyangombwa bikenewe kugirango gasutamo; gusobanukirwa amabwiriza agenga isoko; kwemeza gukorera mu mucyo inzira yo kohereza hanze
Basabwe ibikoresho
Eritereya, iherereye mu ihembe rya Afurika, ni igihugu kizwiho umwanya uhagaze neza ku nkombe z'Inyanja Itukura. Mu myaka yashize, Eritereya yashyize ingufu mu kuzamura ibikorwa remezo by’ibikoresho kugira ngo byorohereze ubucuruzi no kuzamura ubukungu. Dore bimwe mubyifuzo bya serivisi y'ibikoresho muri Eritereya: 1. Icyambu cya Massawa: Icyambu cya Massawa nicyo cyambu kinini kandi gikomeye muri Eritereya. Ikora nk'irembo ryo gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga atari muri Eritereya gusa ahubwo no ku bihugu bituranye n’inyanja nka Etiyopiya na Sudani. Icyambu gitanga serivisi zinyuranye nko gutunganya kontineri, ibikoresho byo kubika imizigo, gukuraho gasutamo, no gukora neza ubwato. 2. Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Asmara: Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Asmara nicyo kibuga gikuru muri Eritereya gikora ingendo zo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga. Ifite uruhare runini mu gutwara ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere mu gihugu kandi byorohereza umubano n’ibindi bice by’isi. Hamwe nibikorwa remezo bigezweho hamwe nubushobozi buhanitse bwo gutwara imizigo, ikibuga cyindege gitanga ibisubizo byizewe bya logistique. 3. Umuhanda wumuhanda: Umuhanda wumuhanda muri Eritereya wateye imbere cyane mumyaka yashize hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rigamije guhuza uturere dutandukanye mugihugu neza. Kubaka imihanda mishya byongereye uburyo bwo kugera ahantu hitaruye aho ubwikorezi bwari butoroshye. 4. Imirongo yo kohereza: Imirongo itandukanye yo kohereza ikora inzira zisanzwe zerekeza ku byambu bya Eritereya ziva mu bihugu mpuzamahanga nk'Uburayi, Aziya, n'Uburasirazuba bwo hagati. Abatwara abantu benshi ku isi batanga serivisi zo kohereza ibicuruzwa haba mu mahanga muri Eritereya no kohereza muri yo. 5.Ibikoresho byo guhunika: Ibigo byinshi byigenga bitanga ibikoresho byububiko mumijyi minini nka Asmara cyangwa Massawa bitanga uburyo bwo kubika neza kubintu bitandukanye birimo ibintu byangirika. 6.Abakozi bashinzwe gukuraho ibicuruzwa: Amategeko ya gasutamo ya Eritereya arashobora kuba ingorabahizi; bityo rero gushaka umukozi wizewe wa gasutamo byizewe bishobora gufasha muburyo bworoshye bwo kwinjira cyangwa gusohoka ku byambu cyangwa ku bibuga byindege. Azafasha abatumiza mu mahanga / abatumiza mu mahanga ibyangombwa bisabwa, ibyiciro by’imisoro, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa byihuse. 7. Gutwara abantu mu karere: Ibigo bitandukanye byita ku bikoresho bitanga serivisi zo gutwara abantu mu gihugu kugirango bimure imizigo iva ku byambu igana ku mwanya wa nyuma muri Eritereya cyangwa mu bihugu duturanye. Kugera ku bwikorezi bwo mu muhanda byoroha hamwe n’imishinga yo kwagura imiyoboro igenda yiyongera. 8.Abatumiza mu mahanga mpuzamahanga: Abatwara ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga bafasha mu gucunga inzira y'ibikoresho bahuza ibicuruzwa, bagategura ibisubizo bitwara abantu benshi, kandi bakemeza ko hubahirizwa amabwiriza ya gasutamo. Bashobora gutanga inkunga y'ibikoresho mu bikorwa byo gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga. Mu gusoza, Eritereya yagiye gushora imari mu bikorwa remezo by’ibikoresho kugira ngo byoroherezwe gutwara ibicuruzwa mu gihugu neza no guteza imbere ubucuruzi n’ibindi bihugu. Icyambu cya Massawa, ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Asmara, hamwe n’umuhanda uhuza umuhanda ni umutungo w’ingenzi ugira uruhare mu iterambere ry’ibikoresho . Byongeye kandi, kuba ibikoresho byububiko, abashinzwe ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo, abatwara ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga, hamwe n’abatanga serivisi z’ubwikorezi byizewe barusheho kuzamura ubushobozi bwa Eritereya muri rusange.
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Eritereya ni igihugu gito giherereye mu ihembe rya Afurika. Nubunini bwayo, ifite inzira zingenzi ziterambere ryamasoko mpuzamahanga namurikagurisha. 1. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rya Asmara: Iki gikorwa ngarukamwaka kibera Asmara, umurwa mukuru wa Eritereya. Ihuza ubucuruzi bwaho ndetse n’amahanga kugirango berekane ibicuruzwa na serivisi. Imurikagurisha rikurura abaguzi mu nganda zitandukanye zirimo ubuhinzi, inganda, ubwubatsi, n’ikoranabuhanga. 2. Umuhanda w’ubucuruzi wa Eritereya-Etiyopiya: Nyuma y’amasezerano y’amahoro aherutse kuba hagati ya Eritereya na Etiyopiya, hashyizweho umuhanda w’ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu byombi. Ibi bitanga umuyoboro wingenzi kubaguzi mpuzamahanga kubona ibicuruzwa biva mubihugu byombi. 3. Icyambu cya Assab: Icyambu cya Assab ni kimwe mu byambu bikomeye bya Eritereya bigira uruhare runini mu koroshya ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ikora nk'ibicuruzwa byinjira cyangwa biva mu gihugu. Abaguzi mpuzamahanga benshi bakoresha iki cyambu mu gutumiza ibicuruzwa nk'imashini, ibinyabiziga, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho fatizo, n'ibicuruzwa. 4.Ubukungu bw’ubukungu bw’ubukungu: Eritereya yashyizeho uturere tw’ubukungu mu rwego rwo gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga no guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga.Batanga uburyo bwiza bwo gukora ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga. 5.Ubufatanye butumizwa mu mahanga: Eritereya yashyizeho ubufatanye n’ibihugu bituranye nka Sudani aho hafashwe ingamba zihuriweho zo koroshya ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka. Hifashishijwe uburyo bw’imisoro ku nyungu, abaguzi barashobora kubona ibicuruzwa ku giciro gito, bigatuma bikurura ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga binyuze ubwo bufatanye. 6.Iterambere ry’ubuhinzi: Ubuhinzi bugira uruhare runini mu bukungu bwa Eritereya. Gahunda y’inganda zishingiye ku buhinzi zigamije guteza imbere ubuhinzi bw’inganda nko gutunganya ibiribwa, gukuramo peteroli, umusaruro w’ipamba n'ibindi. Kugira ngo bikurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga, guverinoma ishishikariza ishoramari mu gutanga inkunga, gukora ni inzira ishoboka yo gutanga amasoko 7.Urwego rwo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro: Eritereya ikungahaye ku bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro nka zahabu, umuringa, zinc, na potas.Ibyo byatumye ishoramari mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro biganisha ku mahirwe ku baguzi mpuzamahanga bashishikajwe no kugura amabuye y'agaciro cyangwa gushora imari mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. 8.Inganda zikora inganda: Inganda z’imyenda ya Eritereya zagiye ziyongera gahoro gahoro, bikurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga. Guverinoma ishyigikiye iterambere ry’imyenda itanga inkunga kandi ishyiraho parike y’inganda. Abaguzi barashobora gushakira imyenda yiteguye, imyenda, nigitambara biva muri uyu murenge. 9.Iterambere ry'Ibikorwa Remezo: Eritereya yagiye ishora imari mu mishinga iteza imbere ibikorwa remezo. Harimo kubaka umuhanda, iterambere ryamazu, imishinga yingufu nkingomero ninganda zamashanyarazi.Amahirwe akomoka muriyi mishinga akurura amasosiyete mpuzamahanga yubwubatsi nabatanga imashini, ibikoresho, ibikoresho nibindi. Mu gusoza, Eritereya itanga inzira zinyuranye z’amasoko mpuzamahanga binyuze mu imurikagurisha ry’ubucuruzi, kugera ku cyambu, n’ubufatanye. Izi nzira zitanga amahirwe meza ku baguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka gushakisha imishinga y’ubucuruzi, amasezerano y’ubucuruzi, cyangwa ishoramari mu nganda za Eritereya.
Hariho moteri nyinshi zishakisha zikoreshwa muri Eritereya. Dore urutonde rwa bamwe muribo hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Bing (www.bing.com): Bing ni moteri ishakisha izwi cyane itanga urubuga, gushakisha amashusho, gushakisha amashusho, gushakisha amakuru, nibindi byinshi. Itanga ibisubizo byaho ukurikije aho umukoresha aherereye. 2. Yandex (www.yandex.com): Yandex niyindi moteri ishakisha ikoreshwa cyane muri Eritereya. Itanga gushakisha kurubuga, amashusho, videwo, ikarita, ingingo zamakuru, nizindi serivisi. 3. Google (www. . 4. Sogou (www. 5. DuckDuckGo (duckduckgo.com): DuckDuckGo azwiho uburyo bwibanze bwibanga bwo gushakisha kurubuga. Ntabwo ikurikirana cyangwa ibika abakoresha amakuru yihariye cyangwa akamenyero ko gushakisha. 6. Shakisha Yahoo (shakisha.yahoo.com): Ishakisha rya Yahoo ritanga ibintu bitandukanye birimo gushakisha kurubuga ukoresheje algorithm ya Yahoo wenyine hamwe namakuru yamakuru, gushakisha amashusho, gushakisha amashusho biva ahantu henshi. 7. 8: Qwant (qwant.com/en/): Qwant ni moteri yubushakashatsi ishingiye ku Burayi bushingiye ku buzima bwite bushyira imbere ubuzima bwite bw'abakoresha mu gihe butanga ibisubizo ku rubuga hamwe n'amashusho no gushakisha amakuru.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Eritereya ni igihugu giherereye ku ihembe rya Afurika, gihana imbibi na Sudani, Etiyopiya, na Djibouti. Nubwo ari kimwe mu bihugu bikiri bito muri Afurika, gifite amateka akomeye n'umuco utandukanye. Niba ushaka impapuro zingenzi z'umuhondo muri Eritereya, dore amahitamo make hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Urupapuro rwumuhondo wa Eritereya (www.er.yellowpages.net): Ubu bubiko bwa interineti butanga amakuru ajyanye nubucuruzi, serivisi, nimiryango mumirenge itandukanye yo muri Eritereya. Irimo ibyiciro nka hoteri, resitora, ubukode bwimodoka, amabanki, ibitaro, ibigo byuburezi, nibindi byinshi. 2. Ethiopian Airlines - Ibiro bya Asmara (www.ethiopianairlines.com): Ethiopian Airlines ni imwe mu masosiyete mpuzamahanga akomeye akorera Eritereya. Ibiro byabo bitanga amakuru arambuye yo gutumaho indege cyangwa ibibazo byose bifitanye isano muri Eritereya. 3. Sheraton Asmara Hotel +251 29 1121200 (www.marriott.com/asmse): Hoteli Sheraton Asmara ni hoteri ishushanya mu murwa mukuru wita ku bakora ingendo n’imyidagaduro batanga amacumbi meza kandi meza. 4. Banki ya Eritereya (+291 1 182560 / www.bankoferitrea.org): Banki nkuru ya Eritereya igira uruhare runini mu gucunga politiki y’ifaranga ry’igihugu hamwe no guharanira ko ubukungu bwifashe neza mu rwego rwa banki. 5. Ubuyobozi bw'icyambu cya Massawa +291 7 1162774: Icyambu cya Massawa ni irembo rikomeye ryo gutumiza no kohereza muri Eritereya. Kubaza ubuyobozi bwabo birashobora kuguha amakuru ajyanye na serivisi zo kohereza cyangwa izindi mpungenge zijyanye n'ibikoresho. 6. Asmara Brewery Ltd (+291 7 1190613 / www.asmarabrewery.com): Uruganda rwa Asmara rukora ibinyobwa bisindisha bizwi mu gihugu kandi birashobora kuboneka kugira ngo ubaze ibicuruzwa byabo cyangwa imiyoboro yabyo. Nyamuneka menya ko kuboneka no kumenya ukuri bishobora gutandukana, birasabwa rero kugenzura inshuro ebyiri kurubuga cyangwa kuvugana nabo kubwamakuru agezweho.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Hano haribikorwa bike bya e-ubucuruzi muri Eritereya: 1. Amaduka: Shoptse nimwe murwego ruyobora e-ubucuruzi muri Eritereya. Itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi, birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imyambaro, ibikoresho byo murugo, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga rwa Shoptse ni www.shoptse.er. 2. Zaky: Zaky nubundi buryo bukunzwe kuri e-ubucuruzi muri Eritereya. Itanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye nkibikoresho byimyambarire, ibikoresho, ibicuruzwa byubwiza, nibikoresho byo murugo. Urashobora gusura urubuga rwabo kuri www.zaky.er. 3. MekoradOnline: MekoradOnline nisoko ryo kumurongo ritanga icyegeranyo cyibicuruzwa bitandukanye kuva kuri elegitoroniki kugeza mubikoresho kugeza kubiribwa nibindi. Urashobora kubona urubuga rwabo kuri www.mekoradonline.er. 4. Amaduka ya Asmara kumurongo: Asmara Online Shop ni urubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi rwita cyane cyane kubatuye umujyi wa Asmara muri Eritereya ariko rukanakorera abakiriya mugihugu cyose. Batanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye nkimyenda, ibikoresho, ibitabo, nibikoresho byo munzu. Urubuga rwabo ruraboneka kuri www.asmaraonlineshop.er. 5. Centre y'Ubucuruzi ya Qemer: Centre y'Ubucuruzi ya Qemer ni iduka rya interineti ritanga amahitamo menshi y'ibicuruzwa nka elegitoroniki, ibikoresho byo mu gikoni, imyambaro, ibikinisho, n'ibindi muri Eritereya. Shakisha amaturo yabo kurubuga rwabo kuri www.qemershoppingcenter.er. Izi ni zimwe mu mbuga za e-ubucuruzi zikoreshwa muri Eritereya aho ushobora gusanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byoroshye binyuze muburambe bwo kugura kumurongo.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Muri Eritereya, igihugu cyo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, usanga imbuga nkoranyambaga zitagerwaho kubera ko leta ibuza gukoresha interineti. Guverinoma igenzura cyane ibikorwa byo kuri interineti kandi yashyizeho amategeko akomeye ku ikoreshwa ry'imbuga nkoranyambaga. Kubera iyo mpamvu, hari imbuga za interineti zemewe gusa ziboneka mu gihugu: 1. Shaebia: Ni portal yamakuru ya leta ya Eritereya ikora nkurubuga rwo gusangira amakuru namakuru. Urubuga: www.shaebia.org 2. Haddas Eritra: Ikinyamakuru cya buri munsi kiyobowe na leta gitanga amakuru mashya kumakuru yigihugu ndetse n’amahanga, politiki, siporo, umuco, nibindi byinshi.Hashobora kubaho kuba Haddas Eritra igaragara kurubuga rutandukanye nka Facebook cyangwa Twitter. 3. Shabait.com: Urundi rubuga rugenzurwa na leta rutangaza amakuru ajyanye na politiki, ubukungu, sosiyete, umuco ndetse n'imyidagaduro mu ndimi nyinshi zirimo Icyongereza na Tigrinya. 4. Madote.com: Uru rubuga rwigenga rwa interineti rutanga ingingo zinyuranye zikubiyemo ingingo nkibibazo byubu, ibibazo byubumenyi rusange & ibisubizo mubice bitandukanye nka siyanse nubuhanga nibindi, ibibazo byuburenganzira bwa muntu nibindi. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko izo mbuga zemewe atari imbuga nkoranyambaga aho abakoresha bashobora gusabana hagati yabo mu bwisanzure ahubwo bagatanga uburyo bwo kugenzura amakuru amwe n'amwe yemejwe na guverinoma. Byongeye kandi, kubera uburyo buke bwo kugera kuri interineti na politiki yo kugenzura muri Eritereya; imbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane ku isi nka Facebook *, Instagram *, Twitter * cyangwa YouTube * ntishobora kuboneka ku bantu baba mu gihugu. . Twabibutsa ko aya makuru adashobora gufata neza ibyagezweho vuba cyangwa urubuga rushya rwatangijwe muri Eritereya kubera ko amategeko ya interineti ashobora guhinduka mugihe. Kumakuru agezweho yerekeye imbuga nkoranyambaga ziboneka mu gihugu ubwacyo cyangwa ubundi buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose bushobora kuba bwihariye muri Eritereya, byaba byiza ugishije inama abaturage cyangwa abantu bamenyereye uko ibintu bimeze ubu.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Eritereya, izwi ku izina rya Leta ya Eritereya, ni igihugu giherereye mu ihembe rya Afurika. Nubwo ari igihugu gito ugereranije, gifite amashyirahamwe n’imiryango myinshi izwi cyane bigira uruhare mu iterambere ry’ubukungu. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Eritereya: 1. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Eritereya (ECCI) - ECCI igira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi muri Eritereya. Ifasha ubucuruzi gutanga amahirwe yo guhuza imiyoboro, serivisi zunganira ubucuruzi, no koroshya ubufatanye na bagenzi babo mpuzamahanga. Urubuga rwemewe ni: http://www.eritreachamber.org/ 2. Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ya Eritereya (ENAMCO) - Kubera ko ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ari imwe mu nzego z’ingenzi mu bukungu bwa Eritereya, ENAMCO ihagarariye inyungu z’amasosiyete acukura amabuye y'agaciro akora mu mabati, umuringa, zinc, zahabu, ifeza, n’andi mabuye y'agaciro. Bakora mu gukurura ishoramari no guharanira iterambere rirambye muri uru ruganda. 3. Ishyirahamwe ritunganya ibikomoka ku buhinzi (APPA) - Urebye ubukungu bw’ubuhinzi ahanini, APPA igamije kuzamura umutekano w’ibiribwa binyuze mu buhinzi bwiza ndetse no kunoza uburyo bwo gutunganya ibihingwa nk’amasaka, umuceri, ingano, ibigori, sayiri n'ibindi. 4. Ishyirahamwe ry’ubukerarugendo (TSA) - Guteza imbere ubukerarugendo byabaye ingenzi cyane mu kuzamura ubukungu bwa Eritereya; TSA ishyigikira abakora ingendo bashiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho bitanga abashyitsi uburambe nyabwo mugihe cyo kubungabunga umurage ndangamuco nkububiko bwihariye bwa Asmara cyangwa inyubako zamateka ya Massawa. 5.Ishyirahamwe ryabashoramari bubaka-Hashyizweho kugenzura ibikorwa byubwubatsi mumirenge itandukanye kuva imishinga yimiturire kugeza iterambere ryibikorwa remezo. 6.EITC. Nyamuneka menya ko ayo mashyirahamwe ari ingero zishingiye kumakuru aboneka mugihe cyo kwandika; hashobora kubaho andi mashyirahamwe yihariye yinganda muri Eritereya yita kumirenge yihariye. Byongeye kandi, zimwe murubuga ntizishobora kuboneka cyangwa zishobora kuba zarahindutse mugihe kizaza, birasabwa rero gushakisha amakuru agezweho ukoresheje moteri zishakisha.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Hano hari imbuga nyinshi zubukungu nubucuruzi zijyanye na Eritereya. Dore bike muri byo: 1. Minisiteri y'Itangazamakuru: Uru rubuga rutanga amakuru ku nzego zitandukanye z'ubukungu bwa Eritereya, nk'ubuhinzi, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ubukerarugendo, n'amahirwe yo gushora imari. Irimo kandi amakuru agezweho nibisohoka byemewe. Urubuga: http://www.shabait.com/ 2. Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ishoramari muri Eritereya (EIPC): Nk’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe guteza imbere ishoramari ritaziguye ry’amahanga muri Eritereya, urubuga rwa EIPC rutanga amakuru arambuye ku bijyanye n’ikirere cy’ishoramari, politiki, ibitera inkunga, n'amahirwe y'umushinga. Urubuga: http://www.eipce.org/ 3. Ibiro bishinzwe ibarurishamibare mu gihugu (NSO): Urubuga rwa NSO rukora nk'isoko y'agaciro ku mibare y’ubukungu n’imibare ijyanye n’inzego zinyuranye nk’ubuhinzi, inganda, uburinganire bw’ubucuruzi, igipimo cy’akazi, igipimo cy’ifaranga, na raporo z’ibarura ry’abaturage. Urubuga: https://eritreadata.org.er/ 4. Urugereko rw’Ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Eritereya (CCIE): Uru rubuga rutanga uburyo bwo kubona urutonde rw’ubucuruzi rw’ubucuruzi bw’ibanze hamwe n’amakuru ajyanye n’inyungu z’abanyamuryango zitangwa na CCIE. Itanga kandi amahirwe yo guhuza ba rwiyemezamirimo. Urubuga: http://cciepro.urubuga.com.er/ 5. Ikigo gishinzwe imiyoborere (PAA): Urubuga rwa PAA nisoko yingenzi kubacuruzi nabashoramari bashishikajwe no gushakisha uburyo bwo gutwara abantu mu nyanja muri Eritereya. Ibisobanuro ku bikorwa remezo byicyambu nka Port ya Massawa murashobora kubisanga hano. Urubuga: https://asc-er.com.er/port-ubuyobozi.php Wibuke ko mugihe izi mbuga zitanga amakuru yingirakamaro kubyerekeranye nubukungu muri Eritereya; kuvugana ninzego za leta cyangwa ibigo bireba birashobora gutanga ibisobanuro birambuye kubijyanye nibisabwa cyangwa amabwiriza ajyanye nubucuruzi cyangwa ishoramari. Nyamuneka menya ko bitewe nuburyo bukomeye bwibikoresho byo kumurongo byavuzwe haruguru; birasabwa kugenzura niba bahari mbere yo gukoreshwa

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hano hari imbuga nyinshi ushobora gusangamo amakuru yubucuruzi kuri Eritereya. Dore bike muri byo: 1. Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye: Iyi ni data base yubucuruzi mpuzamahanga ikorwa n’ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye rishinzwe ibarurishamibare. Urashobora gushakisha amakuru yubucuruzi bwa Eritereya uhitamo igihugu nimyaka yimyaka yamakuru. Urubuga ni: https://comtrade.un.org/ 2. Amakuru ya Banki y'Isi: Banki y'Isi itanga uburyo bwo kugera ku bipimo bitandukanye by'ubukungu harimo amakuru y’ubucuruzi kuri buri gihugu. Urashobora gusura urubuga rwabo hanyuma ugashakisha amakuru yubucuruzi ya Eritereya ukoresheje ububiko bwabo. Urubuga ni: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/trade-statistics 3. Ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’ubucuruzi (ITC): ITC, ikigo gihuriweho n’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’ubucuruzi n’umuryango w’abibumbye, gitanga imibare y’ubucuruzi yuzuye harimo ibyoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibitumizwa mu bihugu bitandukanye ku isi, harimo na Eritereya. Urubuga rwabo ni: https://www.intracen.org/ 4. Ubukungu bwubucuruzi: Ubucuruzi bwubucuruzi butanga ibipimo byubukungu namakuru yubucuruzi bwamateka kubihugu byisi yose, harimo na Eritereya. Urashobora kugera kububiko bwabo kuri: https://tradingeconomics.com/ Nyamuneka menya ko kuboneka no kumenya neza amakuru yubucuruzi bishobora gutandukana kururu rubuga kuko biterwa ninkomoko yemewe itanga raporo kuri ayo mashyirahamwe cyangwa leta zitangaza ayo makuru kurubuga rwabo rwigihugu.

B2b

Eritereya, iherereye mu ihembe rya Afurika, ni igihugu gito gituwe n'abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 3.5. Nubwo ihura n’ibibazo byinshi, harimo kugera kuri interineti ntarengwa no guteza imbere ubukungu, haracyariho urubuga rwa B2B ruboneka ku bucuruzi muri Eritereya. 1. Isoko nyafurika (www.africanmarket.com.er): Uru rubuga rugamije guteza imbere ubucuruzi muri Afrika muguhuza ubucuruzi mubice bitandukanye. Ubucuruzi bwa Eritereya bushobora gutondekanya ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi kuri uru rubuga kandi bugahuza n'abaguzi n'abafatanyabikorwa mu bindi bihugu bya Afurika. 2. Ishyirahamwe ry’ubucuruzi rya Etiyopiya n’Uburayi (www.eeba.org.er): Mu gihe iri shyirahamwe ryibanda cyane cyane ku guteza imbere ubucuruzi hagati ya Etiyopiya n’Uburayi, ritanga kandi amahirwe ku bucuruzi bwa Eritereya bwo kwerekana ibicuruzwa na serivisi ku bantu benshi ku isi. 3. GlobalTrade.net: Uru rubuga rwa interineti rukora nk'isoko mpuzamahanga rya B2B ku nganda zitandukanye ku isi. Ubucuruzi muri Eritereya burashobora kwiyandikisha kururu rubuga, gukora imyirondoro n’ibicuruzwa kugirango bikurure abaguzi baturutse mu bice bitandukanye byisi. 4 Ubucuruzi bwa Eritereya burashobora gukoresha iyi platform kugirango yongere ibikorwa byayo kurenga imipaka yigihugu. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko kubera imbogamizi nkibibazo byo guhuza umurongo wa interineti n’imbogamizi z’ubukungu zihura n’ubucuruzi bwinshi muri Eritereya, kuboneka kwa B2B byabugenewe bishobora kugarukira ugereranije n’ibindi bihugu bifite ubukungu bwateye imbere. Nyamara, izi mbuga zitanga amahirwe kubigo byaho gushakisha ubufatanye mpuzamahanga mubucuruzi nubwo hari ibibazo.
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