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Amasoko Nkuru
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Incamake y'igihugu
Australiya, izwi ku izina rya Commonwealth ya Ositaraliya, ni igihugu kinini giherereye mu majyepfo y’isi. Nicyo gihugu cya gatandatu kinini ku isi ku buso bwose, gifite kilometero kare miliyoni 7.7. Australiya irazwi cyane kubera ibinyabuzima bidasanzwe hamwe n’ahantu heza cyane. Irimo urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima bitandukanye kuva kuri Great Barrier Reef, kimwe mu bintu bitangaje bitangaje ku isi, kugeza mu butayu nka The Outback, ikubiyemo igice kinini cy'imbere ku mugabane. Igihugu gituwe n'abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 25. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni Canberra, ariko Sydney niwo mujyi munini kandi utuwe cyane. Icyongereza ni ururimi rwemewe ruvugwa muri Ositaraliya. Australiya ifise imibereho ihanitse kandi iri ku mwanya wa mbere mu bice bitandukanye by’isi nk’ubuvuzi bwiza, imbaraga z’uburezi, n’ubwisanzure mu bukungu. Ubukungu bwabwo bwateye imbere neza hamwe n’inzego zikomeye nko gucukura amabuye y'agaciro (amakara n’icyuma), ubuhinzi (ingano n’ubwoya), inganda (imodoka n’imashini), ubukerarugendo (cyane cyane kubera ibimenyetso nyaburanga nka Ayers Rock cyangwa Uluru), n’inganda za serivisi ibyo bifasha urwego rwikoranabuhanga rugenda rwiyongera. Gahunda ya politiki muri Ositaraliya ishingiye kuri demokarasi hamwe n'umwamikazi Elizabeth wa II bamenyekanye nk'umwamikazi wa Ositaraliya. Guverinoma ikorera mu bwami bw’inteko ishinga amategeko ishingiye ku itegekonshinga hamwe na Minisitiri w’intebe watowe uyobora. Hariho intara esheshatu - New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Ositaraliya yepfo, Australiya y’Uburengerazuba - hamwe n’intara ebyiri zikomeye - Umurwa mukuru wa Ositaraliya (ACT) aho Canberra iherereye n’intara y’Amajyaruguru- bose bafite leta zabo zikorana mu bibazo by’igihugu. Umuco wa Australiya ufite imizi y'Abasangwabutaka kuva mu myaka ibihumbi 60 igihe Abasangwabutaka batuye bwa mbere iki gihugu; bakomeje kugira akamaro gakomeye mu muco muri iki gihe hamwe n’itsinda ry’abimukira baherutse guturuka hirya no hino ku isi bagize sosiyete ya none yo muri Ositaraliya itanga ubudasa mu guteka, imbyino, umuziki, siporo n’abandi. Mu gusoza, Ositaraliya ntabwo igaragara gusa kubera ubwiza nyaburanga butangaje gusa ahubwo inagaragaza ubukungu bwateye imbere, uburezi bufite ireme ndetse n’ubuzima, ndetse n’umuryango w’imico itandukanye ituma iba ahantu hifuzwa haba mu ngendo no mu mibereho.
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Ifaranga rya Australiya ni idorari rya Australiya (AUD). Bikunze kwitwa "Aussie" mubiganiro bidasanzwe. Amadolari ya Australiya ni ifaranga ryemewe rya Ositaraliya n’intara zayo zo hanze, kimwe no gukoreshwa n’ibihugu bimwe na bimwe birwa bya pasifika. Amadolari ya Ositaraliya agabanijwemo amafaranga 100, hamwe n'ibiceri biboneka mu madorari 5, 10, 20, na 50. Inoti zitangwa mu madorari 5, $ 10, $ 20, $ 50, na 100. Australiya ifise uburyo bugezweho bwimari hamwe nubukungu buhamye bukora neza kurwego rwisi. Banki nkuru y’igihugu ya Ositaraliya (RBA) ni banki nkuru ishinzwe gutanga no kugenzura amadolari ya Ositarariya. RBA igira uruhare runini mu kubungabunga ibiciro no kuzamura ubukungu. Amadolari ya Australiya yemerwa cyane mugihugu mugikorwa cya buri munsi nko guhaha, kurya, cyangwa kwishyura fagitire. Ariko, ni ngombwa kumenya ko mugihe amakarita akomeye yinguzanyo nka Visa cyangwa Mastercard yemerwa ahantu henshi harimo amahoteri n’abacuruzi benshi; ibigo bito cyangwa icyaro birashobora guhitamo kwishyura amafaranga. Serivise zivunjisha ziraboneka byoroshye muri Ositaraliya ku bibuga byindege cyangwa amabanki niba ukeneye guhindura amafaranga yawe muri AUD. Byongeye kandi, ATM irashobora kuboneka byoroshye mumijyi aho ushobora gukuramo amafaranga ukoresheje ikarita yawe yo kubikuza / ikarita y'inguzanyo. Muri rusange, ifaranga rya Ositaraliya rishingiye ku bukungu bwacyo butajegajega bushyigikiwe na sisitemu ikora neza kandi ikaboneka mu buryo butaziguye ibiceri n'inoti mu madini atandukanye bigatuma byorohereza abaturage ndetse na ba mukerarugendo kimwe no gucuruza neza amafaranga.
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ifaranga ryemewe rya Ositaraliya ni Amadolari ya Ositarariya (AUD). Ikigereranyo cyo kuvunja hafi ya AUD hamwe nifaranga rikuru ni ibi bikurikira: 1 AUD = 0,74 USD 1 AUD = 0.60 EUR 1 AUD = 53.47 JPY 1 AUD = 0.51 GBP 1 AUD = 0.92 CAD Nyamuneka menya ko ibi bipimo byerekana kandi birashobora gutandukana gato ukurikije uko isoko ryifashe nibindi bintu bigira ingaruka ku gipimo cy’ivunjisha.
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Australiya ifite iminsi mikuru myinshi yigihugu yizihizwa umwaka wose. Kimwe mu byingenzi ni umunsi wa Ositaraliya, uzaba ku ya 26 Mutarama. Bibuka ukuza kwa Fleet ya mbere muri Cove ya Sydney mu 1788 kandi bikaba intangiriro yubukoloni bwi Burayi muri Ositaraliya. Uyu munsi ukunze kurangwa nibirori bitandukanye, nka barbecues, ibitaramo, parade, hamwe na fireworks. Undi munsi mukuru w'ingenzi ni umunsi wa Anzac ku ya 25 Mata. Yubaha kandi yibuka abanyaustraliya bose bagize uruhare kandi bapfira mu ntambara za gisirikare kuva Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose. Ibikorwa byo mu museke, ingendo, n'imihango yo kwibuka bibera mu gihugu hose kugira ngo bashimire ubutwari n'ubwitange. Pasika nayo ni umunsi mukuru ukomeye wizihizwa mugihugu hose. Bibaho hagati ya Werurwe na Mata buri mwaka kandi bibuka izuka rya Yesu Kristo mu bapfuye nyuma yo kubambwa. Ubusanzwe abanya Australiya bishimira weekend ndende hamwe no guterana kwimiryango, guhiga amagi kubana, ibikorwa byitorero, ibirori, picnike cyangwa BBQs. Usibye iyi minsi mikuru y'igihugu, buri ntara nayo yizihiza iminsi mikuru yayo bwite ifitiye akamaro akarere. Ingero zimwe ni umunsi w'abakozi (muri leta zitandukanye ku matariki atandukanye), Isabukuru y'Umwamikazi (Ku wa mbere wa kabiri muri Kamena usibye Ositaraliya y'Uburengerazuba), Umunsi w'igikombe cya Adelayide (ku wa mbere wa kabiri Werurwe), Umunsi w'igikombe cya Melbourne (ku wa kabiri wa mbere Ugushyingo), kugira ngo tuvuge a bake. Muri rusange, iyo minsi mikuru iha abanya Australiya amahirwe yo guhurira hamwe nkigihugu cyangwa umuryango wo kwishimira umuco wabo nindangagaciro mugihe bubaha amateka cyangwa abantu bagize uruhare mugihugu cyabo mugihe runaka.
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Australiya ni umukinnyi ukomeye ku isi mu bijyanye n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Yahindutse mubukungu bwateye imbere cyane kandi bwunze ubumwe kwisi yose, bushingiye cyane kubucuruzi mpuzamahanga kugirango butere imbere. Igihugu kizwiho ubutunzi bwinshi bw'umutungo kamere nk'amakara, ubutare bw'icyuma, zahabu, na gaze gasanzwe. Umwirondoro woherezwa muri Ositaraliya ahanini wiganjemo ibicuruzwa, hamwe n’amabuye y'agaciro n’ibicanwa bigize igice kinini cy’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Amakara n’ibicuruzwa by’ibanze byoherezwa muri Ositaraliya, bikurikirwa cyane n’amabuye y'icyuma na zahabu. Aya masoko arakenewe cyane kwisi yose, cyane cyane mubushinwa ndetse nibindi bihugu bya Aziya bashaka kongera ingufu mu nganda zabo. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, serivisi zahindutse urwego rukomeye mubyoherezwa muri Ositaraliya. Serivisi nk'uburezi, ubukerarugendo, serivisi z’imari, na serivisi z'umwuga bigira uruhare runini mu kwinjiza igihugu mu bucuruzi. Ku bijyanye n’abafatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi, Ubushinwa bugaragara nk’umufatanyabikorwa ukomeye muri Ositaraliya ku bicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Umubano w’ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu byombi wazamutse cyane mu myaka yashize bitewe n’uko Ubushinwa bukenera umutungo wa Ositarariya. Abandi bafatanyabikorwa bakomeye mu bucuruzi barimo Ubuyapani (cyane cyane kuri LNG), Koreya yepfo (ahantu nyaburanga hagaragara amabuye y'agaciro), Ubuhinde (kohereza amakara), na Amerika. Amasezerano y’ubucuruzi n’ibihugu yorohereje uburyo bwo kubona isoko no gushimangira umubano w’ubukungu. Nk’ubukungu bwuguruye bufite amateka yo guteza imbere amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu (FTAs), Ositaraliya irashaka cyane amasoko mashya ku isi kugira ngo itandukanye ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Yasoje FTA zitandukanye n’ibihugu nka Singapore, Chili, Ubushinwa ibihugu bya ASEAN, Ubuyapani, Koreya, kandi biherutse gusinyana na FTA na Indoneziya - bigamije kuzamura amahirwe yo kubona isoko. Muri rusange, Ositaraliya ifite uburinganire bwiza mu bucuruzi kubera inganda zikungahaye ku mutungo utumiza amafaranga menshi yoherezwa mu mahanga; icyakora, yishingikiriza cyane kubitumizwa mu mahanga - cyane cyane imashini & EQs goods ibicuruzwa by’abaguzi ， n’imodoka - kugirango bishyigikire ibyo mu gihugu & ibikenerwa mu musaruro
Iterambere ryisoko
Australiya, izwi kandi nka Land Down Under, ifite amahirwe menshi yo kwagura isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Iki gihugu ntabwo gifite ingamba zishingiye ku turere gusa ahubwo gifite n'ubukungu bukomeye kandi butajegajega, ku buryo ari ahantu heza h’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ubwa mbere, Australiya ifite umutungo kamere nkamabuye y'agaciro, ibigega byingufu, nibikomoka ku buhinzi. Amikoro yamye asabwa cyane kwisi yose. Hamwe ningamba zifatika zo kwamamaza hamwe nikoranabuhanga rigezweho, ubucuruzi bwa Ositaraliya burashobora gukoresha ubwo buryo kugirango buhuze amasoko mpuzamahanga. Icya kabiri, Ositaraliya ikomeza amategeko akomeye yubahiriza ubucuruzi bwiza kandi arengera uburenganzira bwumutungo wubwenge. Ibi birashiraho uburyo bwiza bwubucuruzi kubashoramari babanyamahanga bashaka kwinjira mumasoko ya Australiya cyangwa gushiraho ubufatanye namasosiyete yaho. Byongeye kandi, Ositaraliya yasinyanye amasezerano n’ubucuruzi menshi ku buntu (FTAs) n’ibihugu bitandukanye ku isi. Izi FTA zorohereza kugabanya ibiciro cyangwa gukuraho ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga hagati y’ibihugu by’abafatanyabikorwa. Kurugero, amasezerano yubucuruzi bwubushinwa na Ositaraliya (ChAFTA) yazamuye cyane ubucuruzi bwibihugu byombi hagati yibi bihugu byombi kuva bwashyirwa mubikorwa muri 2015. Byongeye kandi, kuba Ositaraliya yegereye Aziya bitanga amahirwe menshi mu bijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa na serivisi ku masoko akura vuba nk'Ubushinwa n'Ubuhinde. Icyiciro cyo hagati kizamuka muri ubu bukungu bwa Aziya gisaba ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge biva mu nzego nk'ubuhinzi, serivisi z'ubuvuzi, serivisi z'uburezi n'ibindi Ositaraliya irusha abandi. Byongeye kandi, Ositaraliya ifite abakozi bafite ubumenyi buhanitse kandi bafite ubumenyi mu nzego zitandukanye zirimo serivisi z’imari, iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi n’undi mutungo wo kwagura ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Ariko; mugihe ushakisha amasoko mashya mumahanga afite amahirwe menshi yo kuzamuka; amasosiyete ashaka kwaguka ku isoko rya Ositaraliya ashobora guhura n’ibibazo byinshi nko gutandukanya umuco n’ibisabwa gukurikiza amategeko mu nganda zimwe na zimwe nk'ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa cyangwa imiti bitewe n'umutekano muke ushyirwa mu bikorwa n'abayobozi. Mu gusoza; hitawe ku mutungo kamere wacyo, aho uherereye, ingamba zemewe n'amategeko, imishinga ya FTAs ​​iriho ubu, kuba hafi ya Aziya hamwe n’abakozi bafite ubumenyi buhanitse; nta gushidikanya ko Ositaraliya ifite amahirwe menshi yo kwagura isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga, bityo bigatanga amahirwe meza ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga kuri gutera imbere no gutsinda muriyi miterere yubukungu.
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ku bijyanye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye kubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Ositaraliya, hari ibintu byinshi bigomba kwitabwaho. Australiya izwiho amasoko atandukanye hamwe nibyifuzo byabaguzi byihariye, guhitamo ibicuruzwa byiza rero birashobora kugira ingaruka nziza kubucuruzi bwawe. Ubwa mbere, ni nkenerwa gukora ubushakashatsi no gusobanukirwa ibyo umukiriya wa Australiya akeneye nibyo akunda. Abanyaustraliya barashimika cyane ku bwiza, kubungabunga ibidukikije, no kwita ku buzima. Kubwibyo, kwibanda kubicuruzwa byujuje ibi bipimo birashobora guhitamo neza. Kurugero, ibiryo kama nibinyobwa cyangwa imyambaro irambye iragenda ikundwa mubaguzi ba Australiya. Usibye gusuzuma ibyo abakiriya bakunda, ni ngombwa kumenya imigendekere igaragara ku isoko rya Ositaraliya. Kugendana nibigezweho bigufasha gukuramo ibisabwa mbere yuko byuzura amarushanwa. Komeza kugezwaho amakuru yimyambarire, iterambere ryikoranabuhanga, nimpinduka zubuzima mugihugu. Byongeye kandi, uzirikane amategeko ayo ari yo yose yemewe nk'impamyabumenyi cyangwa ibimenyetso bisabwa byihariye mu byiciro bimwe na bimwe muri Ositaraliya. Guharanira kubahiriza aya mabwiriza bizarinda inzitizi iyo ari yo yose mu kwinjiza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu. Ubushakashatsi ku isoko bugira uruhare runini mu gufata ibyemezo bijyanye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa. Gisesengura amakuru ajyanye nubunini bwisoko, intego yabategarugori yerekana demografiya, isesengura ryabanywanyi nibindi, bizatanga ubushishozi kumahirwe ashobora guturuka mumishinga yinjiza / yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Hanyuma, icy'ingenzi ， gushiraho umubano n'abacuruzi baho cyangwa abadandaza barashobora kugufasha kwagura no gufasha muguhitamo ibicuruzwa bifatika byubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Ositaraliya. Aba bafatanyabikorwa bafite ubushishozi bwingirakamaro muburyo bukenewe kandi barashobora kukuyobora kubintu bikenewe cyane. Mu gusoza ， guhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye mubucuruzi bwububanyi n’amahanga muri Ositaraliya bisaba ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kubyifuzo byabakiriya 、 kumenya imigendekere igaragara ， kubahiriza amategeko agenga amategeko ， no kubaka ubufatanye murwego rwisaranganya ryaho。Byitondeye neza ibi bintu ， urashobora kunoza amahirwe yawe yo gutsinda mugihe winjiye mumasoko ya Australiya。
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Ibiranga abakiriya muri Ositaraliya: Australiya izwiho urugwiro no kwakira serivisi zabakiriya. Abanyaustraliya baha agaciro kwihuta, gukora neza, no kubahana mugihe c'imikoranire y'abakiriya. Bashima uburyo bwihariye kandi biteze ko ubucuruzi butanga urwego rwo hejuru rwumwuga. Muri rusange abanya Australiya basubijwe inyuma kandi ntibisanzwe. Bahitamo ijwi risanzwe mu itumanaho, bigaragarira muburyo bwabo bwo kuvuga no kwandika imeri cyangwa ubutumwa. Gukomeza ibiganiro byoroheje kandi ugakomeza gusetsa birashobora gufasha kugirana umubano nabakiriya ba Australiya. Umubano ni ingenzi kubanya Australiya mugihe c'imikoranire y'ubucuruzi. Kubaka ikizere hamwe nabakiriya binyuze mu itumanaho risanzwe no gutanga amasezerano ni ngombwa. Abanyaustraliya bakunda kuba abakiriya b'indahemuka niba bumva ko bahabwa agaciro na sosiyete. Kirazira y'abakiriya muri Ositaraliya: Hariho imyitwarire imwe nimwe ubucuruzi bugomba kwirinda mugihe ukorana nabakiriya ba Australiya: 1. Kuba usunika cyane: Abanyaustraliya bahitamo uburyo bwo kugurisha bworoshye. Bashobora kumva batamerewe neza mugihe abahagarariye ibicuruzwa bivuyemo bikabije cyangwa bitaryarya. 2. Kwirengagiza ibyo abakiriya bakeneye: Aussies ishima ubwitonzi bwihariye kubucuruzi bwumva ibyo bakeneye cyangwa ibibazo byabo. 3. Kutubahiriza igihe: Nkabantu ku giti cyabo, abantu ba Australiya biteze kubahiriza igihe cyamasosiyete mugihe cyo kubonana cyangwa gutanga serivisi. 4. Kubura gukorera mu mucyo: Ubuhemu cyangwa guhisha amakuru afatika birashobora kwangiza ikizere hagati yubucuruzi n’abakiriya. 5.Uburyo bukabije: Mugihe ubupfura ari ngombwa, imvugo irenze urugero cyangwa protocole ikaze irashobora kubonwa nkibidasanzwe nabakiriya ba Australiya. Gusobanukirwa ibyo biranga no kwirinda kirazira bizagera kure mugushiraho umubano ukomeye nabakiriya ba Australiya, byemeze uburambe bwiza kumpande zombi zirimo
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Australiya irafise uburyo bukomeye bwo kwimuka hamwe na gasutamo kugira ngo umutekano n'umutekano bigabanuke. Umupaka wa Ositaraliya (ABF) ushinzwe gucunga no kubahiriza aya mabwiriza. Iyo winjiye muri Ositaraliya, ni ngombwa kumenya inzira zikurikira za gasutamo. Ubwa mbere, abagenzi bose basabwa gutangaza ibintu bimwe na bimwe bahageze, nkibiryo, ibikoresho byibimera, imbunda, n imiti. Kudatangaza ibyo bintu bishobora kuvamo ibihano cyangwa ihazabu. Hariho kandi amategeko abuza kuzana ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe mu gihugu. Kurugero, hari imipaka yo kuzana itabi nibicuruzwa byitabi kugirango ubikoreshe kugiti cyawe. Birasabwa kugenzura urubuga rwa gasutamo rwa Australiya kurutonde rwuzuye rwibintu bibujijwe mbere yo gukora ingendo. Abagenzi barashobora kandi gukenera kunyura mubikorwa bya gasutamo ku bibuga byindege cyangwa ku byambu. Ibi birashobora kubamo kugenzura imizigo ukoresheje imashini ya X-cyangwa kugenzura intoki n'abayobozi. Byongeye kandi, abashyitsi bashobora kubazwa ibibazo bijyanye nintego yabo yo gusurwa cyangwa igihe cyo kumara. Amategeko y’akato muri Ositaraliya arakomeye cyane kubera impungenge zo kurinda urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bidasanzwe mu gihugu. Abagenzi bagomba kwitondera kuzana ibikoresho byose byibimera (harimo nimbuto), ibikomoka ku nyamaswa nkubwoya cyangwa amababa, cyangwa umusaruro mushya utabifitiye uburenganzira. Ubwanyuma, ni ngombwa ko ibyangombwa byose byingendo bitwarwa mugihe cyo kwinjira muri Ositaraliya. Passeport yemewe ifite ibyangombwa bya viza isabwa kubashyitsi benshi keretse iyo baturutse mubihugu bisonewe na visa. Muncamake, mugihe usuye Australiya umuntu agomba kumenyera amategeko akomeye ya gasutamo kandi akayakurikiza. Gutangaza ibintu bibujijwe kuhagera no kubahiriza amategeko y’akato bizafasha mu buryo bworoshye kwinjira mu gihe hubahirizwa ingamba zo kurengera ibidukikije muri Ositaraliya
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Australiya nigihugu gikurikiza politike ihamye y’imisoro ku bicuruzwa byinjira mu mbibi zayo. Guverinoma ya Ositaraliya ishyiraho imisoro ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga mu rwego rwo kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu no guharanira ko habaho ipiganwa ryiza. Iyi misoro izwi nkamahoro cyangwa amahoro, kandi ibiciro byayo biratandukanye bitewe nubwoko bwibicuruzwa. Serivisi ishinzwe kurinda gasutamo n’umupaka muri Ositaraliya itanga iyi misoro, itangwa hashingiwe ku gaciro k’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga. Ibiciro birashobora kuva kuri 0% kugeza kuri magana ijana kwijana, hamwe nimpuzandengo ya 5%. Nyamara, inzego zimwe zoroshye nkubuhinzi n’imyenda bifite igipimo cy’ibiciro kiri hejuru. Hariho kandi imisoro yihariye igamije kurinda inganda zaho cyangwa gukemura amasezerano yubucuruzi n’ibindi bihugu. Kurugero, Australiya yagiranye amasezerano yubucuruzi bwisanzuye (FTAs) hamwe nibihugu bitandukanye nkUbushinwa, Ubuyapani, Koreya yepfo, nibindi. Muri aya masezerano ya FTA, ibicuruzwa bimwe bishobora kungukirwa nigabanuka ryumusoro cyangwa zeru iyo byujuje ibisabwa byumvikanyweho. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bifite agaciro kari munsi ya AU $ 1000 (nkubu) ntibikurura umusoro ku bicuruzwa ariko bishobora gutanga umusoro ku bicuruzwa na serivisi (GST), ubu bikaba bishyizwe kuri 10%. Ariko, iyi mbago irashobora guhinduka buri gihe ishingiye kuri politiki ya leta. Muri rusange, politiki y’imisoro itumizwa muri Ositaraliya igamije gushyira mu gaciro hagati yo kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu mu gihe byorohereza ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Irashimangira amarushanwa akwiye kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bihangane neza n’ibicuruzwa bikomoka mu gihugu mu bijyanye n’ibiciro ndetse n’ubuziranenge mu gihe bitanga leta byinjira binyuze mu misoro yashyizweho ku bicuruzwa byo mu mahanga byinjira ku isoko ry’igihugu.
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Politiki yo gusoresha ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Ositaraliya igamije guteza imbere ubukungu, guteza imbere inganda zaho, no kwinjiza leta amafaranga. Igihugu gishyiraho imisoro itandukanye ku bicuruzwa byoherejwe mu mahanga kugira ngo habeho irushanwa ryiza mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga no kurinda ibicuruzwa biva mu gihugu. Imwe muri politiki nyamukuru y’imisoro ni Umusoro ku bicuruzwa na serivisi (GST), usoresha umusoro wa 10% ku bicuruzwa byinshi bigurishwa muri Ositaraliya. Nyamara, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga muri rusange bisonewe muri GST, byemeza ko ibicuruzwa bya Ositaraliya bikomeza guhatanwa ku masoko yo hanze. Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa bimwe bishobora gutangirwa imisoro yihariye yoherezwa hanze. Iyi misoro isanzwe ishyirwa kumutungo kamere nkamakara, ubutare bwibyuma, na peteroli. Amafaranga yinjira muri iyi misoro akoreshwa kenshi mugutezimbere ibikorwa remezo cyangwa ibikorwa byibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, Ositaraliya ifite gahunda y’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi n’ibindi bihugu bigenga igipimo cy’amahoro ku bicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu agamije kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho ibiciro ku bicuruzwa byihariye bigurishwa hagati y’ibihugu, guteza imbere umubano w’ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu mu gihe biha amahirwe yo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko guverinoma ya Ositaraliya isuzuma buri gihe politiki y’imisoro bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ubukungu cyangwa isoko ry’isi yose. Kubwibyo, abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba gukomeza kumenyeshwa amakuru yose cyangwa impinduka zakozwe ninzego zibishinzwe. Muri rusange, politiki yo gusoresha ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Ositaraliya ishyigikira inganda zo mu gihugu ndetse no guhangana ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu rwego rwo gushimangira ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihe birinda ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga binyuze mu misoro igenewe no gusonerwa.
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Australiya izwiho inganda zikomeye zohereza ibicuruzwa hanze kandi ifite gahunda itunganijwe neza kugirango harebwe ubuziranenge nukuri kubyoherezwa mu mahanga. Igihugu gifite uburyo bukomeye bwo kwemeza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigomba kubahiriza. Kimwe mu byemezo nyamukuru byoherezwa muri Ositaraliya ni ikirango cya Australiya Made. Ikirangantego nikimenyetso kizwi cyane cyibicuruzwa bikozwe cyangwa bihingwa muri Ositaraliya, byerekana ubuziranenge, umutekano, nubuziranenge bwimyitwarire. Yizeza abaguzi haba mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga ko bagura ibicuruzwa nyabyo bya Ositaraliya. Kugira ngo wemererwe kuranga ikirango cya Australiya Made, ibicuruzwa bigomba kuba byujuje ibipimo byagaragajwe na Australiya Made Campaign Ltd (AMCL). Muri ibi bipimo harimo impinduka zifatika zibera muri Ositaraliya, byibuze 50% byumusaruro wabonetse muri Ositaraliya. Ibicuruzwa bigomba kandi gukoresha ibikoresho byingenzi byaho cyangwa ibice aho bikenewe. Byongeye kandi, ibigo bishaka kohereza ibicuruzwa mu buhinzi muri Ositaraliya bigomba kubona icyemezo cya Phytosanitarite mu ishami ry’ubuhinzi, amazi n’ibidukikije. Iki cyemezo cyemeza ko ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku bimera byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga bwa phytosanitarike no kugabanya ingaruka zose ziterwa n’udukoko cyangwa indwara mu gihe cyo gutwara. Ikindi cyemezo gikomeye gisabwa nibihugu byinshi kwisi ni Icyemezo cyinkomoko (COO). Iyi nyandiko ihamya ko ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byabonetse byuzuye, byakozwe, bikozwe cyangwa bitunganyirizwa muri Ositaraliya nkuko bisobanurwa n’amategeko agenga inkomoko. Usibye izo mpamyabumenyi rusange, inganda zimwe na zimwe zifite ibyo zisabwa mu kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze ya Ositaraliya. Kurugero, abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze nibicuruzwa kama barashobora kubona ibyemezo bya organic muri gahunda zemewe nka NASAA Certificate Organic (NCO) cyangwa ibirango byemewe bya ACO byemewe. Muri rusange, binyuze muri ibyo byemezo bitandukanye byoherezwa mu mahanga hamwe n’uburyo bwashyizwe mu bikorwa mu gihugu hose mu nganda nk’ubuhinzi n’inganda n’izindi; abaguzi barashobora kwizera badashidikanya kugura ibicuruzwa nyabyo biva muri Ositaraliya mugihe bakomeza ubuziranenge bujyanye nibisabwa ku isi.
Basabwe ibikoresho
Australiya izwiho imiterere nini, imigi itandukanye, hamwe n’ibinyabuzima bidasanzwe. Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho no gutwara abantu muri iki gihugu, hari ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi tugomba gusuzuma. Ubwa mbere, Australiya nigihugu kinini kijanye nabantu bake ugereranije. Ibi bivuze ko imiyoboro yo gutwara abantu yashyizweho kugirango ikore intera ndende neza. Serivise zitwara indege zikoreshwa muburyo bwihuse cyangwa butanga igihe hagati yimijyi minini. Kurugero, Qantas Freight itanga serivise nini zo murugo zihuza imijyi minini yose ya Australiya. Icya kabiri, Ositaraliya ifite umuyoboro witerambere wateye imbere mugihugu cyose. Ubwikorezi bwo mumuhanda bugira uruhare runini mugutwara ibicuruzwa imbere no hagati yakarere aho serivisi za gari ya moshi cyangwa indege zishobora kutagerwaho. Ibigo nka Toll Group kabuhariwe mu gukemura amakamyo, bitanga serivisi zuzuye zitwara imihanda mu gihugu hose. Byongeye kandi, uturere two ku nkombe za Ositaraliya twishingikiriza cyane ku bikoresho byo mu nyanja bitewe n’uko ari umugabane w’izinga ukikijwe n’inyanja. Ibyambu bikomeye nk'icyambu cya Melbourne na Port ya Sydney bikora nk'irembo rikomeye ry'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Amasosiyete atwara ibicuruzwa nka Maersk Line atanga inzira zisanzwe zo kohereza zihuza ibyambu bya Ositaraliya n’ahantu hose ku isi. Usibye uburyo bwa gakondo bwibikoresho, Australiya yabonye ubwiyongere bwibikorwa bya e-bucuruzi mumyaka yashize. Hamwe numubare wabantu bagura kumurongo imbere mugihugu ndetse no mumahanga, uburyo bwiza bwo gutanga ibirometero byanyuma byabaye ngombwa. Ibigo nka Australiya Post bitanga serivisi ziposita nubutumwa bwihuse mugihugu hose. Ubwanyuma, kubera amabwiriza akomeye y’umutekano w’ibinyabuzima ashyirwa mu bikorwa n’abayobozi ba Ositarariya, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa inzira za gasutamo igihe cyo gutumiza cyangwa kohereza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu. Kugisha inama abakora kuri gasutamo babimenyereye nka DHL Global Forwarding birashobora gufasha gukora neza uburyo bwo gutwara abantu mugihe hubahirijwe amabwiriza yose akenewe. Mu gusoza, imiterere y’ibikoresho bya Ositaraliya ikubiyemo guhuza ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere kugira ngo byihute hagati y’imijyi minini; gutwara umuhanda wo gukora urugendo rurerure; kohereza mu nyanja ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga; uburyo bwiza bwo gutanga ibirometero byanyuma byerekeranye na e-ubucuruzi; no kubahiriza inzira zikomeye za gasutamo ziyobowe nabakozi ba gasutamo babimenyereye. Muri rusange, Ositaraliya itanga serivisi zinyuranye zo gutanga ibikoresho kugirango zunganire ibicuruzwa muri iki gihugu kinini kandi gitandukanye.
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Australiya izwiho ubukungu bukomeye hamwe ninganda zinyuranye, zikurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga mpuzamahanga kugirango babone ibicuruzwa no gushyiraho ubufatanye mubucuruzi. Hariho inzira nyinshi zingenzi zitanga amasoko hamwe nubucuruzi byerekana uruhare runini muguhuza abatanga Australiya hamwe nabaguzi kwisi. Imwe mu nzira nyamukuru zitanga amasoko mpuzamahanga muri Ositaraliya ni urubuga rwa interineti rwitwa "Abashoramari bo muri Ositaraliya." Ikora nk'ubuyobozi bwubucuruzi bwa Australiya mubice bitandukanye, byorohereza kugendana no gutumanaho byoroshye hagati yabatanga ibicuruzwa n'abaguzi mpuzamahanga. Ihuriro ryemerera abaguzi mumahanga gushakisha ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi bashishikajwe no guturuka muri Ositaraliya. Undi muyoboro ukomeye mu gutanga amasoko mpuzamahanga ni binyuze muri gahunda za guverinoma ya Ositarariya nka Austrade (Komisiyo ishinzwe ubucuruzi muri Ositaraliya) na AusIndustry. Iyi miryango iteza imbere cyane ubucuruzi bwo hanze itegura ubutumwa bwubucuruzi, gahunda zihuza ubucuruzi, n’amahugurwa y’inganda. Borohereza umubano utaziguye hagati yamasosiyete yo muri Ositaraliya ashaka kohereza ibicuruzwa byabo cyangwa serivisi ku isi yose hamwe n’abaguzi mpuzamahanga bashobora kwerekana ko bifuza gufatanya na bagenzi babo bo muri Ositaraliya. Usibye iyi miyoboro, hari n’imurikagurisha ryinshi ryakozwe mu mwaka wose rikurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga bakomeye mu nganda zitandukanye. Kimwe muri ibyo birori ni iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga ry’ibiribwa rya Sydney, ryerekana inganda zikomeye z’ibiribwa muri Ositaraliya ku masoko yo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga. Iri serukiramuco ntirigaragaza gusa ibicuruzwa byinshi byibiribwa ahubwo ritanga amahirwe yo guhuza ibikorwa aho ubucuruzi bushobora guhura nabashobora gutumiza mu mahanga ku isi. Iyindi murikagurisha rikomeye ni "PACIFIC," ikorwa mu myaka ibiri i Sydney. Yibanze ku kwerekana ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, ibikoresho, na sisitemu zijyanye n'ubushobozi bwo kwirwanaho mu mazi. Ibi birori bikurura abayobozi bashinzwe gutanga amasoko mu mashyirahamwe y’ingabo ku isi baza gushakisha ibisubizo bishya bitangwa n’amasosiyete yo muri Ositaraliya muri uru rwego. Byongeye kandi, imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ibikoresho bya Melbourne (MIFF) ryita cyane cyane ku bakora ibikoresho byo mu nzu, abashushanya, abagurisha, abadandaza kimwe n’abubatsi ndetse n’abashushanya imbere bashaka ibicuruzwa byo mu nzu byiza bikozwe muri Ositaraliya. MIFF itanga urubuga rwiza rwo guhuza ibicuruzwa byo mu nzu bizwi cyane ku isi mu gihe byemerera abagurisha baho kwerekana ibihangano byabo. Ibindi bicuruzwa bizwi cyane birimo imurikagurisha ry’ibikinisho byo muri Ositaraliya n’imurikagurisha ryabereye i Melbourne, bikurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka ibikinisho bishya, imikino, n’amahirwe yo gutanga uruhushya muri Ositaraliya. Byongeye kandi, hariho imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’imodoka rya Brisbane, rikurura ibitekerezo by’inzobere mu nganda z’imodoka ku isi yose zishaka kureba ibigezweho mu rwego rw’imodoka za Ositaraliya. Izi ni ingero nkeya gusa kumiyoboro myinshi hamwe nubucuruzi bwerekana kuboneka kugirango uhuze abaguzi mpuzamahanga nabatanga ibicuruzwa muri Ositaraliya. Hamwe n'ubukungu bukomeye hamwe n'inganda zitandukanye, Australiya itanga amahirwe menshi yo gushakisha isoko no guteza imbere ubucuruzi.
Australiya, kuba igihugu cyateye imbere mu ikoranabuhanga, gifite moteri nyinshi zishakisha zikoreshwa cyane nabenegihugu. Zimwe muri moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa muri Ositaraliya zirimo: 1. Google (https://www.google.com.au) Google niyo moteri ishakisha isi yose kandi niyo ihitamo cyane kubakoresha interineti muri Ositaraliya. Itanga urubuga rwuzuye nubushakashatsi bwo gushakisha. 2. Bing (https://www.bing.com.au) Bing nubundi moteri ikoreshwa cyane muri Ositaraliya itanga uburyo bunini bwo gushakisha kurubuga. Itanga ibikoresho byihariye nk'ishusho, videwo, amakuru, no gushakisha ikarita. 3. Yahoo (https://au.yahoo.com) Yahoo ikomeje kuba umukinnyi ukomeye ku isoko rya moteri ishakisha muri Ositaraliya hamwe na serivisi zitandukanye zirimo gushakisha, imeri, amakuru agezweho, ibikubiyemo imyidagaduro, n'ibindi. 4. DuckDuckGo (https://duckduckgo.com) DuckDuckGo izwiho kuba ifite ubuzima bwite bukomeye kuko idakurikirana amakuru y’abakoresha cyangwa amakuru yihariye mu gihe itanga ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gushakisha urubuga ku bakoresha Australiya. 5. Ecosia (https://www.ecosia.org/) Ecosia ni moteri ishakisha ibidukikije yangiza ibidukikije ikoresha amafaranga yinjira mu gutera ibiti ku isi. Yamamaye mubanya Australiya bumva ibidukikije bashaka gutanga umusanzu mwiza mugihe bakoresha igikoresho cyiza cyo gushakisha. 6. Gushakisha Safari (https://search.safari-search.net/) Ishakisha rya Safari niyagurwa rya mushakisha ritanga uburambe bwihuse kandi bwizewe kubanya Australiya ukoresheje amasoko atangwa nabatanga amakuru bazwi. 7. OzBargain (https://www.ozbargain.com.au/) OzBargain ntabwo ari moteri yubushakashatsi gakondo ahubwo ni urubuga rwabaturage aho abanyaustraliya bashobora kubona ibintu byiza mugihugu hose binyuze mumikoreshereze yabakoresha amakuru yo kugabana kugabanywa mubyiciro byinshi. Izi nimwe murimwe zikoreshwa cyane muri moteri zishakisha muri Ositaraliya nkubu; icyakora, ibyifuzo birashobora guhinduka mugihe hamwe nikoranabuhanga rigenda ryiyongera hamwe nabinjira bashya kumasoko.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Urupapuro nyamukuru rwumuhondo muri Australiya ni: 1. Urupapuro rwumuhondo Australiya: Ubu ni ububiko bwa interineti bwemewe kubucuruzi muri Ositaraliya. Itanga amakuru yamakuru, amakarita, hamwe nisuzuma ryinganda zitandukanye mugihugu. Urubuga: www.urubuga.com.au 2. Urupapuro rwera Australiya: Ubu bubiko bwerekana urutonde rwa terefone, aderesi, hamwe namakuru arambuye kubantu bo muri Ositaraliya. Urashobora gushakisha abantu mwizina cyangwa aderesi kurubuga rwabo. Urubuga: www.urubuga.com.au 3. Local Local: True Local nubuyobozi bukunzwe mubucuruzi bwemerera abakoresha gushakisha ubucuruzi ukurikije ahantu hamwe nicyiciro. Itanga kandi isuzuma ryabakiriya nu amanota kugirango ifashe abakoresha gufata ibyemezo neza muguhitamo serivisi cyangwa ibicuruzwa. Urubuga: www.truelocal.com.au 4. Yelp Australiya: Yelp ni urubuga ruzwi cyane rusubirwamo aho ushobora gusanga ubucuruzi bwaho, gusoma ibisobanuro byabakiriya, kureba amafoto, no kubona icyerekezo aho giherereye. Bafite ububiko bunini bwubucuruzi bwa Ositaraliya bukora inganda zitandukanye. Urubuga: www.yelp.com.au 5.Igitabo.com.com 6.Dlook.com.au: Dlook ni urubuga rwerekana urutonde rwubucuruzi aho ushobora kuvumbura ibigo bya Australiya byaho ukurikije ibicuruzwa na serivisi. Ububiko nuburorero buke bwamahitamo menshi aboneka muri Australiya kugirango ubone amakuru ajyanye nubucuruzi, serivisi, nabantu bakoresha urupapuro rwumuhondo kumurongo.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Australiya, kuba igihugu cyateye imbere gifite umuvuduko mwinshi wa enterineti, gifite imiyoboro myinshi ya e-ubucuruzi. Dore ibyingenzi hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Amazone Australiya - www.amazon.com.au: Igice cya Australiya cyigihangange ku isi, gitanga ibicuruzwa byinshi mubyiciro bitandukanye. 2. eBay Australiya - www.ebay.com.au: Isoko rizwi cyane kumurongo aho abantu nubucuruzi bashobora kugura no kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishya cyangwa byakoreshejwe. 3. Kogan.com - www.kogan.com/au: Azwiho ibiciro byo gupiganwa, Kogan atanga ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bitandukanye byabaguzi nka terefone zigendanwa, TV, nibikoresho byo murugo. 4. Gufata - www.catch.com.au: Ubusanzwe izwi nka Catch of the Day, itanga amasezerano kubicuruzwa byinshi birimo imideri, ibikoresho byo murugo, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, nibindi byinshi. 5. JB Hi-Fi - www.jbhifi.com. 6. Iconic - www.theiconic.com.au: Ihuriro rikomeye ryerekana imideli itanga ibintu byimyenda iva mubirango bizwi cyane byo mu karere ndetse n’amahanga ku myambaro y'abagabo kugeza ku myambaro y'abagore. 7. Woolworths Kumurongo –www.shop.woolworths.com.au: Urubuga rwo kugura ibiribwa kumurongo rutanga ibiribwa bitandukanye birimo ibiryo bishya bigezwa kumuryango wawe 8.Cole Kumurongo- https://shop.coles.com.au: Bisa na Woolworths kumurongo itanga ibiribwa byatanzwe kumuryango wawe 9.Ubucuruzi bwa Qantas-https: //shopping.qantaspoints-offers.qantaspoints-deals.aeviayzn.net Ibyo bigufasha guhaha ibicuruzwa bitandukanye ukoresheje amanota ya Qantas winjizwa nindege cyangwa ibindi bikorwa bijyanye na Qantas Airways. Izi ni zimwe mu mbuga zikomeye za e-ubucuruzi zikorera muri Ositaraliya; hari nibindi byinshi byita kumasoko niche cyangwa inganda zihariye nkibikoresho (urugero, Urusengero & Webster), ibikoresho byamatungo (urugero, Petbarn), cyangwa ibicuruzwa byubuzima nubwiza (urugero, ububiko bwa Chemist).

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Australiya nigihugu kizwiho umuco wimibereho myiza hamwe niterambere ryabaturage kumurongo. Hariho imbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane zikoreshwa cyane nabanya Australiya guhuza no gusangira. 1. Facebook (https://www.facebook.com): Facebook ni urubuga rukoreshwa cyane muri Ositaraliya. Iyemerera abakoresha gukora imyirondoro, guhuza inshuti, gusangira ibishya, amafoto, videwo, no kwinjira mumatsinda atandukanye. 2. Instagram (https://www.instagram.com): Ifoto izwi cyane hamwe no gusangira amashusho muri Ositaraliya. Abakoresha barashobora gukurikira imyirondoro yabo hanyuma bagashakisha ibirimo bishingiye kuri hashtags cyangwa ahantu. 3. Twitter (https://www.twitter.com): Twitter ni urundi rubuga rukunze gukoreshwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga muri Ositaraliya aho abakoresha bashobora gusangira ubutumwa bugufi cyangwa tweet hamwe n'abayoboke babo. Itanga amakuru-yamakuru agezweho, ingingo zigenda, kandi itanga itumanaho ritaziguye binyuze mubitekerezo. 4. LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com): LinkedIn ni urubuga rwumwuga ruhuza abahanga baturutse mu nganda zitandukanye muri Ositaraliya. Ifasha abakoresha kubaka umuyoboro wabigize umwuga, gushakisha amahirwe yakazi, no gusangira ibintu bijyanye ninganda. 5. Snapchat (https: 6. TikTok (https://www.tiktok.com/): TikTok imaze kwamamara cyane mu myaka yashize mu rubyiruko rwo muri Ositaraliya n'amashusho yayo magufi yerekana guhanga impano mu bwoko butandukanye. 7.YouTube (https://youtube.com): YouTube itanga icyegeranyo kinini cyibintu byatanzwe nabakoresha harimo amashusho yindirimbo, inyigisho za vlogs amashusho yerekana amashusho ibitaramo & ibitaramo bya Live nibindi. 8.Reddit (https://reddit.com): Reddit yamenyekanye cyane mubanya Australiya nkihuriro ryibiganiro kuri interineti aho bashobora guhura nabantu bahuje ibitekerezo kubintu bitandukanye bishimishije binyuze muri subreddits 9.Whatsapp: Nubwo WhatsApp itari imbuga nkoranyambaga ikomeje gukundwa bidasanzwe mu Banyaustraliya kuko ituma ubutumwa bwiherereye, amajwi n'amashusho yo guhamagara amatsinda aganira amashusho no gusangira amashusho. 10.Discord (https://discord.com): Ubusanzwe yatunganijwe kubakinnyi, Discord itanga amajwi, videwo, hamwe n’itumanaho ryandika ryemerera abanyaustraliya guhuza mumiryango yibanda ku nyungu zisangiwe haba gukina cyangwa izindi ngingo. Izi mbuga nkoranyambaga zigira uruhare runini mu miterere ya sisitemu ya Ositaraliya, ihuza abantu bava mu bice bitandukanye kandi itanga urubuga rwo kwigaragaza, guhuza imiyoboro, no gukomeza kugezwaho amakuru y'ibyabaye.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Australiya ifite ubukungu butandukanye hamwe ninganda zinyuranye, buriwese ufite amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Ositaraliya hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Urugereko rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Ositaraliya (ACCI) - www.australianchamber.com.au Uhagarariye ingereko z’ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi muri Ositaraliya, ACCI yibanze ku kunganira politiki iteza imbere ubukungu ndetse n’ubucuruzi bushyigikiwe. 2. Itsinda ry’inganda za Ositaraliya (Ai Itsinda) - www.aigroup.com.au Ai Group ihagarariye ubucuruzi mubikorwa, ubwubatsi, ubwubatsi, nizindi nzego. Batanga ubuvugizi, inama kumubano wakazi, serivisi zamahugurwa kubanyamuryango. 3. Ishyirahamwe ry’abacuruzi ku rwego rwigihugu (NRA) - www.nra.net.au NRA ni umuryango uhagarariye urwego rw’ubucuruzi muri Ositaraliya utanga serivisi zifasha abadandaza nkinama zamategeko na gahunda zamahugurwa yo gucuruza. 4. Ishyirahamwe ryubaka abubatsi muri Ositaraliya (MBAA) - www.masterbuilders.com.au MBAA yitangiye guhagararira inganda zubaka n’ubwubatsi itanga ibikoresho nka gahunda zamahugurwa, ubumenyi bwa tekinike, no kunganira politiki. 5. Amabuye y'agaciro ya Ositaraliya (MCA) - www.minerals.org.au MCA yashinzwe guhagararira amasosiyete akora ubushakashatsi ku bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro akorera mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ya Ositaraliya, MCA igamije guteza imbere imikorere irambye mu gihe iharanira politiki ijyanye n'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. 6. Ihuriro ry’ubukerarugendo n’ubwikorezi (TTF) - www.ttf.org.au TTF ihagarariye abakinnyi bakomeye bo mu rwego rwubukerarugendo harimo indege, iminyururu y’amahoteri, abakora ingendo n’ibindi, bigamije iterambere rya politiki ishyigikira iterambere ry’ubukerarugendo n’ishoramari. 7. Inama ishinzwe imari (FSC) - www.fsc.org.au FSC ni urwego ruhagarariye ibigo by'imari nka banki, amasosiyete yubwishingizi nibindi, byibanda kubunganira politiki murwego rwa serivisi zimari. Izi ni ingero nkeya z'amashyirahamwe akomeye y'inganda muri Ositaraliya; icyakora izindi nzego nyinshi nazo zifite amatsinda yinganda zihagarariye inyungu zabo haba kurwego rwigihugu ndetse na leta. Birakwiye ko dushakisha ubushakashatsi bushingiye ku nganda zihariye zinyungu.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Australiya, nk'imwe mu bukungu buza imbere mu karere ka Aziya-Pasifika, ifite imbuga za interineti zitandukanye z'ubukungu n'ubucuruzi zitanga amakuru y'agaciro ku bucuruzi no ku bantu ku giti cyabo. Dore bimwe byingenzi: 1. Ishami ry’ububanyi n’amahanga n’ubucuruzi (DFAT) - Urubuga rwemewe rwa leta rushinzwe umubano mpuzamahanga wa Ositaraliya, harimo politiki y’ubucuruzi, amasezerano, n’ibibazo byo kubona isoko. Urubuga: https://www.dfat.gov.au/trade/ 2. Austrade - Ikigo cy’igihugu cya Ositaraliya gishinzwe guteza imbere ubucuruzi n’ishoramari mu mahanga. Itanga ibikoresho byingenzi kumahirwe yo kohereza hanze, raporo yubutasi bwisoko, ibyabaye, na serivisi zunganira. Urubuga: https://www.austrade.gov.au/ 3. Business. Urubuga: https://www.ubucuruzi.gov.au/ 4. Ibiro bishinzwe ibarurishamibare muri Ositaraliya (ABS) - ABS itanga imibare irambuye y’ubukungu yerekeye ibintu bitandukanye by’ubukungu bwa Ositarariya harimo umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bwa GDP, imibare y’inganda n'ibindi. Urubuga: https://www.abs.gov.au 5. Banki nkuru y’igihugu ya Ositaraliya (RBA) - Nka banki nkuru yigihugu; Urubuga rwa RBA rukubiyemo amakuru yingenzi kubyerekeye ihindagurika ryinyungu; iterambere rya politiki yifaranga nibindi, bigira ingaruka zitaziguye mubyemezo byubucuruzi. Urubuga: https://www.rba.gov.au/ 6. Isoko ry’imigabane ya Ositaraliya (ASX) - ASX n’isoko ry’ibanze rya Ositaraliya aho amasosiyete ashobora gutondekanya imigabane yayo mu bucuruzi rusange; itanga amakuru menshi yimari kugirango ifashe abashoramari gufata ibyemezo byuzuye. Urubuga: https://www.asx.com.au/ 7. Inama yohereza ibicuruzwa muri Ositaraliya (ECA) - ECA ishyigikira imishinga mito n'iciriritse hamwe n’ibikorwa byo kohereza mu mahanga itanga gahunda yo guhugura ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga igamije kubaka ubumenyi bukenewe mu ngamba mpuzamahanga zo gutsinda mu bucuruzi. Urubuga: http://exportcinama.kuwaitchamber.org.kw/ 8. Urubuga rwamashyirahamwe yihariye yinganda - Inganda za Ositaraliya nkubuhinzi, ubucukuzi bwamabuye y'agaciro, ubukerarugendo, nibindi, bifite amashyirahamwe yihariye ashyigikira inzego. Aya mashyirahamwe atanga amakuru ajyanye ninganda na serivisi zunganira ubucuruzi. Urugero: - Ihuriro ry’abahinzi b’igihugu (NFF) - https://www.nff.org.au/ - Amabuye y'agaciro ya Ositaraliya - https://minerals.org.au/ Izi mbuga zitanga amakuru menshi ashobora kongera ubumenyi bwimiterere yubukungu bwa Ositaraliya kandi bikorohereza kwishora mubikorwa byubucuruzi bwigihugu.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hariho urubuga rwinshi rwibibazo byubucuruzi muri Ositaraliya bitanga amakuru ajyanye nibikorwa byubucuruzi bwigihugu. Dore urutonde rwa zimwe mururu rubuga hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Ibiro bishinzwe ibarurishamibare muri Ositaraliya (ABS) - ABS itanga imibare yuzuye ku bintu bitandukanye, harimo n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Urubuga rwabo rwemerera abakoresha gushakisha amakuru yo gutumiza no kohereza hanze kubicuruzwa, igihugu, nibindi bipimo. Urubuga: www.abs.gov.au 2. Ishami ry’ububanyi n’amahanga n’ubucuruzi (DFAT) - ExpressStats Express ya DFAT itanga amakuru arambuye y’imibare yerekeye ibyoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bya Ositarariya hamwe n’ibihugu n’uturere dutandukanye. Abakoresha barashobora gushakisha ibicuruzwa cyangwa inganda zihariye zo gusesengura ubucuruzi. Urubuga: www.dfat.gov.au/trade/statistics/Page/tradestats-express.aspx 3. Austrade - Austrade nikigo cya leta ya Australiya gishinzwe guteza imbere ubucuruzi, ishoramari, n’amahirwe y’uburezi mpuzamahanga. Igikoresho cabo cyo gushishoza cyemerera abakoresha gushakisha amakuru yubucuruzi mugihugu cyangwa umurenge kugirango bamenye amasoko cyangwa amahirwe yubucuruzi. Urubuga: www.austrade.gov.au/amahanga/ishoramari/ikimenyetso-cyerekezo/ubukungu 4. Komisiyo ishinzwe ubucuruzi n’ishoramari muri Ositaraliya (AusTrade) - AusTrade itanga ibikoresho bijyanye n’iterambere ry’isoko ryoherezwa mu mahanga, ubuyobozi bw’ubucuruzi, ubushishozi bw’isoko, n’ibindi, bituma ubucuruzi bwumva imiterere y’isoko mu bihugu bigamije mbere yo kwishora mu bucuruzi ku isi. Urubuga: www.austrade.gov.au/ 5.Trademap- Ikirangantego ni urubuga rworohereza abakoresha rutanga imibare y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga ituruka ahantu henshi ku isi harimo na Ositaraliya Urubuga: https: Izi mbuga zitanga ibikoresho byingirakamaro kubantu n’abashoramari bashishikajwe no kumenya imikorere y’ubucuruzi bwa Ositaraliya mu nzego zitandukanye nkibicuruzwa byacurujwe, ibihugu by’abafatanyabikorwa / uturere dukora ubucuruzi bw’ibihugu byombi, ibigezweho, n'ibindi. Nyamuneka menya ko zimwe mururu rubuga zishobora gusaba kwiyandikisha cyangwa zikagira aho zigarukira kugera ku makuru amwe, ariko muri rusange zitanga amakuru menshi yo gufasha mu gusesengura ubucuruzi no gufata ibyemezo.

B2b

Australiya ibamo amahuriro menshi ya B2B akorera inganda nimirenge itandukanye. Dore bimwe byingenzi: 1. Alibaba Australiya (www.alibaba.com.au): Iyi porogaramu izwi cyane ku isi B2B ihuza ubucuruzi bwa Ositaraliya n’abaguzi mpuzamahanga n’abatanga ibicuruzwa. Itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi mubyiciro byinshi. 2. UbucuruziAustralia (www.tradeaustralia.com.au): Uru rubuga rugamije kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa na serivisi bya Aussie kwisi yose. Ifasha ubucuruzi bwaho guhuza nabaguzi mpuzamahanga, butanga ubushishozi bwisoko, kandi butanga inkunga mubikorwa byubucuruzi. 3. eWorldTrade Australiya (www.australia.eworldtrade.com): Isoko rya B2B kumurongo rya interineti rifasha ubucuruzi bwa Australiya kwerekana ibicuruzwa / serivisi kubantu batandukanye kwisi yose kugirango bagure abakiriya babo. 4. Inganda zishakisha (www.industrysearch.com.au): Yibanze ku bicuruzwa na serivisi by’inganda, uru rubuga rutuma abakora muri Ositaraliya, abatanga ibicuruzwa, ndetse n’abagurisha bashobora guhuza abakiriya babo mu gihugu. 5. FoodService Australiya (www.foodserviceaustralia.com.au): Yateguwe byumwihariko mu nganda zita ku biribwa, uru rubuga rwa B2B ruhuza resitora, cafe, amahoteri, n’amasosiyete agaburira hamwe n’ibicuruzwa by’ibiribwa n’ibikoresho. 6. Umujyi wa Sourcing (sourcingcity.net.au): Ihuriro ryisoko ryita cyane cyane mubikorwa byamamaza ibicuruzwa muri Ositaraliya muguhuza abadandaza nabacuruzi / abatanga ibicuruzwa batanga ibintu byihariye. 7. Amasoko yo guhinga (www.farmtender.com.au): Isoko ryihariye ryurwego rwubuhinzi aho abahinzi bashobora kugura cyangwa kugurisha imashini / ibikoresho kimwe nibindi bicuruzwa nkamatungo cyangwa ibihingwa. 8 . Ihuriro ritanga inzira kubucuruzi bwa Australiya mubice bitandukanye guhuza, kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa / serivisi, no kwagura ibikorwa byabo haba mugihugu ndetse no kwisi yose.
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