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Amasoko Nkuru
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Incamake y'igihugu
Nepal, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Nepal, ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Aziya y'Epfo. Igabana imipaka n'Ubushinwa mu majyaruguru n'Ubuhinde mu burasirazuba, mu majyepfo, no mu burengerazuba. Nepal ifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 147.516 kandi izwiho imiterere itandukanye. Umurwa mukuru w'icyo gihugu n'umujyi munini ni Kathmandu. Ururimi rwemewe rwa Nepal ni Nepali. Icyakora, izindi ndimi nyinshi nazo zivugwa kubera imico itandukanye igaragara mu gihugu. Nepal ituwe n'abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 30. Nubwo ari igihugu gito, gifite akamaro gakomeye kubera amateka akomeye n'umurage ndangamuco. Abantu benshi bakurikiza idini ry'Abahindu bakurikirwa na Budisime nk'amadini yabo nyamukuru. Nepal ifite ibintu byinshi bitangaje birimo umusozi wa Everest - impinga ndende ku isi - ikurura abadiventiste baturutse kwisi yose kugirango bakore ingendo. Byongeye kandi, hari indi misozi myinshi ikomeye nka Annapurna na Kanchenjunga itanga ibitekerezo bitangaje. Ubutaka bwigihugu buratandukanye cyane mubibaya byo munsi yubushyuhe bwo mu majyepfo ya Terai no mu turere tw’imisozi hagati y’ibibaya nk’ikibaya cya Kathmandu kizwiho ubwiza nyaburanga. Iyi miterere itandukanye itanga amahirwe menshi kubikorwa byo hanze nko gutembera, gutembera, gutembera, inyamanswa zo mu gasozi muri parike y'igihugu nka Parike ya Chitwan izwi cyane mu bikorwa byo kubungabunga amoko yangiritse nk'ingwe zo mu gihugu cya Bengal na rhinocerose. Byongeye kandi, Nepal ifite akamaro gakomeye mu mateka hamwe n’ahantu ndangamurage ndangamurage wa UNESCO nk'urusengero rwa Pashupatinath (ahantu nyaburanga h’abasengera mu Buhinde), Boudhanath Stupa (imwe mu stupa nini ku isi), Swayambhunath (uzwi cyane ku izina rya Monkey Temple) yerekana umuco umaze ibinyejana byinshi uvanze nta nkomyi. bigezweho. Nyamara, Nepal ihura n’ibibazo byinshi birimo ubukene n’amahirwe make y’iterambere ry’ubukungu byatumye abantu bamwe mu mahanga bashaka amahirwe yo kubona akazi. Ubukungu bw’igihugu bushingiye ahanini ku buhinzi, ubukerarugendo, no kohereza amafaranga mu bakozi bo muri Nepali. Muri rusange, Nepal ni igihugu gikungahaye ku muco kandi gisanzwe gitandukanye gitanga ubunararibonye ku bagenzi bafite impinga ndende, insengero z’amayobera, ndetse no kwakira abashyitsi bo muri Nepali. Ikomeje gutera ubwoba abashyitsi n'ubwiza nyaburanga n'imbaraga z'umwuka.
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Nepal, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Nepal, ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Aziya y'Epfo. Ifaranga ryemewe rya Nepal ni amafaranga yo muri Nepal (NPR). Ifaranga ryo muri Nepali ryerekanwa n'ikimenyetso "रू" cyangwa "amafaranga." kandi igabanijwemo ibice bito bita paisa. Ariko, kubera agaciro gake mubikorwa bya buri munsi, ibiceri bya paisa ntibikiri kuzenguruka. Kugeza ubu, Nepal ifite inoti ziboneka mu madorari 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 na 1000. Ibiceri biboneka biri mumurongo wa 1 na / cyangwa rimwe na rimwe amafaranga menshi nkibiceri byo kwibuka kubirori bidasanzwe. Ku bijyanye n’ivunjisha hamwe n’ifaranga ry’amahanga harimo n’ingenzi nk’amadolari y’Amerika (USD) cyangwa Amayero (EUR), biratandukana bitewe n’imiterere y’isoko n’ibintu by’ubukungu bigira ingaruka kuri Nepal n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo mu bucuruzi. Abashyitsi b'abanyamahanga barashobora kuvunjisha amafaranga yabo muri Répale yo muri Nepal ku biro byemewe byemewe na banki cyangwa amabanki biri mumijyi minini. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko mubisanzwe ari byiza guhana amafaranga ukoresheje inzira zemewe kugirango wirinde inoti mpimbano. Byongeye kandi, mugihe ukora ibikorwa byimari muri Nepal nko guhaha cyangwa gusangirira mubigo byaho hanze yubukerarugendo aho amakarita yinguzanyo adashobora kwakirwa cyane; gukoresha amafaranga byaba ngombwa. Twabibutsa kandi ko kubera ihindagurika ry’ibiciro by’ivunjisha hamwe n’ibishobora kubuzwa gufata amafaranga y’amahanga yatangijwe n’ubuyobozi buri gihe; ni ngombwa kubantu bateganya kumara igihe gito cyangwa kirekire muri Nepal kugirango bakomeze kugezwaho amakuru yerekeye amategeko abigenga akurikizwa ninzego zibanze. Mu gusoza, amafaranga yo muri Nepali akora nk'ifaranga ryemewe rya Nepal hamwe n'inoti zikoreshwa cyane mu bucuruzi bwa buri munsi mu gihe ibiceri bitamenyerewe. Kuboneka kw'amadini kuva ku gaciro gato nk'ifaranga rimwe kugeza ku inoti zifite agaciro gakomeye nk'amafaranga ibihumbi. Abashyitsi ni yagiriwe inama yo kuvunja amafaranga binyuze mu nzira zemewe kandi bakomeze bamenyeshe ibijyanye n’amabwiriza ajyanye no gukoresha amafaranga y’amahanga muri Nepal.
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ifaranga ryemewe ryemewe rya Nepal ni Nepal Rupee (NPR). Kubijyanye no kugereranya igipimo cy’ivunjisha ry’amafaranga akomeye ku isi, dore bimwe bigereranijwe: 1 US $ (USD) ihwanye na 121.16 Amafaranga yo muri Nepal (NPR). 1 Euro (EUR) ihwanye na 133.91 Amafaranga yo muri Nepal (NPR). 1 Pound y'Abongereza (GBP) ihwanye na 155.66 y'amafaranga yo muri Nepal (NPR). 1 Amadolari y'Abanyakanada (CAD) ahwanye na 95.26 y'amafaranga yo muri Nepal (NPR). 1 Amadolari ya Australiya (AUD) ahwanye na 88.06 Amafaranga yo muri Nepal (NPR). Nyamuneka menya ko ibiciro byivunjisha bishobora gutandukana kandi birasabwa kugenzura hamwe nisoko ryizewe cyangwa ikigo cyimari kumakuru agezweho mbere yo kuvunja amafaranga.
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Nepal, igihugu nyaburanga nyaburanga n’umurage gakondo ndangamuco, wizihiza iminsi mikuru myinshi umwaka wose. Iyi minsi mikuru ifite akamaro gakomeye mubuzima bwabaturage ba Nepali kandi itanga ubumenyi kumigenzo yabo n'imyizerere yabo itandukanye. Imwe mu minsi mikuru ikomeye yizihizwa muri Nepal ni Dashain, izwi kandi nka Vijaya Dashami. Iribuka intsinzi yicyiza hejuru yikibi ikamara iminsi 15. Muri kiriya gihe, abagize umuryango bateranira hamwe kugira ngo basengere Uwimana Durga, bizeye imigisha ye n'uburinzi. Abantu bahana impano n'imigisha mugihe abasaza batanga "tika" (uruvange rw'ifu ya vermillion, ingano z'umuceri na yogurt) ku gahanga ka benewabo bato nk'ikimenyetso cy'urukundo rwabo. Undi munsi mukuru ukomeye ni Tihar cyangwa Deepawali, bakunze kwita Umunsi mukuru wumucyo. Yizihizwa iminsi itanu, yubaha ibintu bitandukanye nk'ibikona, imbwa, inka, ibimasa n'abavandimwe binyuze mumihango yo kuramya izwi nka puja. Diyas (amatara yamavuta) acanwa kugirango yirinde umwijima nijoro mugihe amashusho ya Rangoli afite amabara akozwe mubwinjiriro ukoresheje ifu yamabara cyangwa indabyo. Byongeye kandi, Nepal ikora kandi ibirori by’amadini nka Buddha Purnima (Isabukuru y'amavuko ya Buda), yibuka ukumurikirwa kwa Lord Buddha munsi y'igiti cya Bodhi i Lumbini. Abihaye Imana basura abihaye Imana bambaye imyenda yera kandi basenga. Lumbini ubwayo ikurura ababuda baturutse hirya no hino ku isi baza kunamira aha hantu h'urugendo rutagatifu. Byongeye kandi, Abanya Nepal bizihiza Holi bafite imbaraga zisa na mugenzi wu Buhinde. Iri serukiramuco risobanura ubumwe mubantu wirengagije itandukaniro rishingiye kumibereho cyangwa itandukaniro ryamoko mugihe ukinisha gukinisha amabara- byerekana umunezero. Amaherezo haza Chhath Puja- umunsi mukuru wa kera wAbahindu wahariwe cyane cyane gusenga izuba Imana Surya ishaka gutera imbere no kubaho neza kubantu ukunda.Birimo imihango ishingiye ku kwizera hafi yinzuzi & gusenga izuba mugihe izuba rirashe n'izuba rirenze. Iyi minsi mikuru ntabwo yerekana imico itandukanye gusa, ahubwo ihuza abantu kugirango bashimangire ubumwe rusange kandi bateze imbere ubwumvikane. Binyuze mu birori, Abanyanepale bishimira imigenzo yabo mugihe bibuka indangagaciro iyi minsi mikuru ikubiyemo- urukundo, kubahana, nubumwe.
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Nepal ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Aziya yepfo. Igihugu gifite ubutaka butoroshye n’umutungo kamere muto, byagize ingaruka ku bucuruzi bwacyo. Ku bijyanye no kohereza mu mahanga, Nepal ishingiye cyane cyane ku bicuruzwa bikomoka ku buhinzi nk'icyayi, umuceri, ibirungo, n'imyenda. Ibicuruzwa bifite igice kinini cy’amafaranga yinjira mu mahanga. Icyakora, kubera ibintu bitandukanye nk’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere hamwe n’iterambere rishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bihura n’ibibazo mu bijyanye no guhangana no kugenzura ubuziranenge. Ku rundi ruhande, ibyo Nepal itumiza mu mahanga bigizwe ahanini n'ibikomoka kuri peteroli, imashini n'ibikoresho, imitako ya zahabu na feza, ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi kimwe n'ibinyabiziga bifite moteri. Isabwa ry'ibi bicuruzwa riterwa n'ibikenerwa mu gihugu ndetse n'imishinga yo guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo byakozwe na guverinoma. N'ubwo hari imbogamizi ziterwa n’ahantu haherereye ndetse n’ibikorwa remezo bidahagije nk’imihanda cyangwa ibyambu bihuza ibihugu bituranye n’Ubuhinde cyangwa Ubushinwa, Nepal iracyakomeza umubano w’ubucuruzi n’ibihugu bitandukanye ku isi. Abafatanyabikorwa bayo bakomeye mu bucuruzi barimo Ubuhinde (busangiye umupaka ufunguye), Ubushinwa, Amerika, n'Ubudage n'ibindi. Vuba aha, mu rwego rwo gushimangira uburinganire bw’ubucuruzi, Nepal yagize uruhare runini mu kwagura amasezerano y’ubucuruzi bw’ibihugu byombi (FTAs) n’ibihugu bitandukanye.Mu 2020, guverinoma yasinyanye amasezerano na FTA na Bangladesh, kandi imishyikirano irakomeje kugira ngo hashobore kugirana amasezerano na Sri Lanka. , Maleziya, hamwe n’ibindi bihugu byo mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya.Iyi FTA igamije kuzamura amahirwe yo kohereza ibicuruzwa ku bicuruzwa byo muri Nepal mu gihe itanga uburyo butandukanye bwo gutumiza mu mahanga ku gipimo cyo gupiganwa. Muri rusange, imiterere y’ubucuruzi muri Nepal ikomeje kuba ingorabahizi kubera ibintu byinshi by’imbere harimo imbogamizi z’imiterere y’akarere, kutagira inganda zinyuranye zitanga umusaruro, ndetse n’amahirwe make yo gushora imari.Nyamara, imbaraga za leta mu buryo butandukanye binyuze muri FTA zombi zitanga ibyiringiro byo kuzamura ubucuruzi mu bihe biri imbere.
Iterambere ryisoko
Nepal ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Aziya yepfo, giherereye hagati y’ibihugu bibiri by’ubukungu, Ubuhinde n’Ubushinwa. N’ubwo imbogamizi zishingiye ku turere, Nepal ifite amahirwe yo gutera imbere ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Inyungu imwe nyamukuru ya Nepal niho iherereye. Irashobora gukora nk'ingenzi mu kunyura hagati y'amasoko abiri manini - Ubuhinde n'Ubushinwa. Kuba hafi biha Nepal akarusho muburyo bwo kugera kubyo biguzi binini. Mu gukoresha umubano wabo w’ubucuruzi n’abaturanyi bombi, igihugu gishobora gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga no gukoresha ayo masoko yunguka. Byongeye kandi, Nepal ifite umutungo kamere ushobora gukoreshwa mubikorwa byo kohereza hanze. Igihugu gikungahaye ku mashanyarazi kubera imigezi myinshi nubutaka bwimisozi. Gukoresha uyu mutungo bishobora kwemerera kubyara ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu mu gihugu ndetse no kohereza ingufu zisagutse mu bihugu duturanye. Byongeye kandi, ubuhinzi bugira uruhare runini mu bukungu bwa Nepal. Ubutaka burumbuka butanga ibihingwa bitandukanye nkumuceri, ibigori, ingano, icyayi, ikawa, ibirungo, nibindi, byose bifite ubushobozi bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Mu guteza imbere ubuhinzi burambye no gushora imari mu nganda zishingiye ku buhinzi nko gutunganya ibiribwa n’ibikoresho byo gupakira-hamwe n’ibikorwa remezo bitezimbere - Nepal irashobora kongera umusaruro w’ubuhinzi mu gihe ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bifite ireme. Ubukerarugendo ni urundi rwego rufite amahirwe adakoreshwa mu iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Nepal. Hamwe n’ahantu nyaburanga harimo umusozi wa Everest - umusozi muremure ku isi - hamwe n’ahantu ndangamurage ndangamurage wa UNESCO nka Lumbini (aho Lord Buddha yavukiye), ba mukerarugendo biruka kugira ngo babone ibyo umuco wa Nepal utanga. Mugutezimbere ibikorwa remezo byubukerarugendo binyuze muri gahunda yo kongerera ubushobozi abaturage baho bakora ibikorwa bijyanye nubukerarugendo nka serivisi zo kwakira abashyitsi cyangwa siporo yo kwidagadura itangwa na parike y’igihugu cyangwa inzira z’urugendo-- Nepal ishobora gukurura abashyitsi benshi mu gihe nayo yongera amafaranga yinjira muri uyu murenge. Mu gusoza, nubwo udafite amikoro make ugereranije nubukungu bwisi yose; Ibyiza nkaho biherereye hagati y’amasoko y’Ubuhinde n’Ubushinwa byerekana ko ari inzira nyabagendwa, umutungo kamere ukungahaye, ubukungu bushingiye ku buhinzi, n’inganda ziyongera mu bukerarugendo bitanga amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Nepal. Kugira ngo leta ishobore gukoresha neza ubwo bushobozi, guverinoma igomba kwibanda ku kubaka ibikorwa remezo bikomeye, guteza imbere inganda zo mu gihugu binyuze mu ishoramari mu guhanga udushya n’ikoranabuhanga mu gihe tunonosora politiki-y’ubucuruzi-yo gukurura ishoramari ritaziguye.
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ku bijyanye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa cyane ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Nepal, hari ibintu byinshi tugomba gusuzuma. Hano hari amabwiriza yuburyo bwo guhitamo ibicuruzwa byiza: Ubushakashatsi nisesengura: Tangira ukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kubyerekeranye nisoko ryubu, ibyo abaguzi bakunda, nibisabwa muri Nepal. Shakisha ibicuruzwa bikunzwe kandi usesengure inyungu zabo. Ibikenewe hamwe nibyo ukunda: Sobanukirwa ibikenewe byihariye, imico, hamwe nubuguzi bwabaguzi ba Nepali. Wibande ku bicuruzwa bihuza nibyo bakunda, kuko ibi bizongera amahirwe yo gutsinda ku isoko. Isesengura ryabanywanyi: Menya abanywanyi bawe mubyiciro byibicuruzwa kandi usuzume ibyo batanze. Gisesengura ingamba zabyo, ubwiza bwibicuruzwa, imbaraga zo kwamamaza, imiyoboro yo kugabura, hamwe n’isuzuma ry’abakiriya kugirango umenye neza icyakora neza ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Nepal. Ubwishingizi bufite ireme: Menya neza ko ibicuruzwa byatoranijwe byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge. Abaguzi ba Nepali bashima ibicuruzwa byiza cyane bitanga agaciro kumafaranga. Ingamba zo kugena ibiciro: Gura ibicuruzwa byawe kurushanwa ukurikije imbaraga zo kugura zaho mugihe inyungu zinyungu zidahinduka. Reba imisoro cyangwa imisoro itumizwa mu mahanga mugihe ugena ingamba zo kugena ibiciro. Ibitekerezo bya Logistique: Suzuma ibiciro byubwikorezi, kuboneka uburyo bwo kohereza (ikirere cyangwa inyanja), ibisabwa bya gasutamo kimwe nigihe cyo kuyobora mugihe wasuzumye ibicuruzwa bishobora kugurishwa. Kubahiriza amabwiriza: Menyesha amabwiriza yaho nkibyemezo byibicuruzwa cyangwa ibimenyetso bisabwa mbere yo kurangiza guhitamo. Gutandukanya amaturo: Intego yibicuruzwa bitandukanye aho kwibanda gusa kumurongo umwe wihariye. Ibi bikwirakwiza ingaruka mu gihe zita ku bice bitandukanye by’abaguzi ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Nepal. Igenamigambi ryo kwamamaza: Iyo umaze kumenya ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye bikwiranye n’isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Nepal; kora gahunda yuzuye yo kwamamaza yibanda kubo wifuza binyuze mumiyoboro ikwiye - urubuga rwa interineti (imbuga za interineti / amasoko / imbuga nkoranyambaga) cyangwa uburyo bwa interineti (ubucuruzi bwerekana / abagurisha). Gukomeza gusuzuma no guhanga udushya: Gukomeza gukurikirana ibitekerezo byabakiriya, amakuru yo kugurisha, ibikorwa byabanywanyi, hamwe nisoko ryisoko. Hindura ingamba zo guhitamo ibicuruzwa ukurikije kugirango ugendane nibigenda bihinduka. Ukurikije aya mabwiriza, urashobora guhitamo neza ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye kumasoko yubucuruzi bw’amahanga ya Nepal kandi ukongerera amahirwe yo gutsinda muri kano karere.
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Nepal, igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Aziya yepfo, kizwiho umuco ukungahaye hamwe nubwiza nyaburanga butangaje. Ba mukerarugendo basuye Nepal barashobora kwibonera uruvange rw’Abahindu n’Ababuda, kubera ko iki gihugu kibamo insengero nyinshi n’abihaye Imana. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi biranga abakiriya ba Nepal ni ubushake bwabo bwo kubungabunga indangagaciro gakondo. Bashinze imizi mu murage wabo kandi bubaha cyane imigenzo n'imigenzo yabo. Uku kubaha imigenzo akenshi bigira ingaruka kumyitwarire yabo yo kugura, kuko bakunda ibicuruzwa byakorewe mugace byerekana imico yabo. Byongeye kandi, abakiriya ba Nepal bumva neza ibiciro. Hamwe nigice kinini cyabaturage bari mumatsinda yinjiza make, ubushobozi burahinduka ikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka kumyanzuro yubuguzi. Bakunda kugereranya ibiciro mububiko butandukanye mbere yo kugura, burigihe mugushakisha ibicuruzwa byiza cyangwa kugabanuka. Abanya Nepal nabo bashira imbere umubano wihariye mubikorwa byubucuruzi. Icyizere kigira uruhare runini mugihe ukorana nabakiriya muri Nepal; baha agaciro umubano muremure wubakiye kubwumvikane no kwizerana. Kubaka rapport binyuze mubikorwa kenshi cyangwa guhuza ibikorwa birashobora kuzamura amahirwe yubucuruzi muri iri soko. Iyo kwamamaza ku bakiriya ba Nepal, ni ngombwa kwitondera kirazira cyangwa imipaka igaragara muri sosiyete. Kurugero, bifatwa nko gusuzugura gukora ku mutwe wumuntu kuko byera ko ari byera; bityo rero kwirinda ibimenyetso nkibi byaba ubushishozi mugihe cyo guhuza abakiriya. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, kwerekana uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo kwerekana urukundo bishobora kugaragara nkibidakwiye cyangwa bibabaje. Byongeye kandi, kuganira ku ngingo zikomeye nk'idini cyangwa politiki bigomba kwegerwa ubwitonzi keretse bitangijwe n'umukiriya ubwabo. Nibyiza gukomeza kutabogama kubibazo nkibi mugihe wibanda cyane kubigisha kubyerekeye ibicuruzwa / serivisi aho. Mugusobanukirwa ibiranga abakiriya no kubahiriza gasutamo na kirazira mugihe ukora ubucuruzi muri Nepal, ibigo birashobora gukorana neza nabaguzi ba Nepal mugihe byubaka ubufatanye bukomeye bushingiye kumyizerere no kumva umuco.
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo muri Nepal ishinzwe kugenzura iyinjira n’ibisohoka n’ibicuruzwa n’abagenzi mu gihugu. Hano hari ingingo z'ingenzi ugomba kumenya ku bijyanye na gasutamo ya Nepal: 1. Itangazo rya gasutamo: Abantu bose binjira cyangwa bava muri Nepal basabwa kuzuza urupapuro rwerekana imenyekanisha rya gasutamo batanga neza amakuru yimizigo yabo, harimo ibintu byabo bwite, ifaranga, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, nibindi bicuruzwa byose bigomba gukorerwa imisoro cyangwa kubuzwa. 2. Amafaranga atangirwa umusoro: Abagenzi bemerewe kuzana ibintu bimwe na bimwe bitishyurwa mugihe cyagenwe. Kurugero, itabi 200 cyangwa sigari 50 cyangwa garama 250 z'itabi birashobora kuzanwa nta musoro. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, amafaranga y'inzoga aterwa n'ubwoko n'ubwinshi byaguzwe mu maduka yemewe. 3. Ibintu bibujijwe / Ibibujijwe: Ibintu bimwe na bimwe nk'ibiyobyabwenge, intwaro (imbunda / ibyuma), amafaranga y'amiganano / ibikoresho byerekana amajwi n'amashusho, ibikoresho byerekana porunogarafiya / ibitabo bikubiyemo / udutabo / ibinyamakuru / ibirango byangiza icyubahiro cy'igihugu / ibikoresho bya radiyo nta ruhushya rutangwa n'abayobozi babishinzwe. n'ibindi, birabujijwe rwose. 4. Amabwiriza y’ifaranga: Hariho imipaka ku mubare w’amafaranga ashobora kwinjizwa cyangwa gukurwa muri Nepal atabimenyeshejwe - agera ku 5,000 USD cyangwa ahwanye nayo agomba gutangazwa kuri gasutamo afite ibyangombwa bikwiye. 5. Kugenzura imizigo: Imizigo yose igomba gukorerwa X-ray nyuma yo kuhagera no kuva ku bibuga byindege bya Nepal kubera impamvu z'umutekano ndetse no kumenya ibikorwa bya magendu. 6. Umuyoboro utukura / Umuyoboro wicyatsi: Niba ufite icyo utangaza (birenze amafaranga atishyurwa), komeza unyuze kumuyoboro utukura aho imifuka yawe ishobora kugenzurwa nabakozi ba gasutamo. Niba nta kindi kintu gikenewe cyo kumenyekanisha nyuma yo kurenga imipaka yemewe yagenwe n’amategeko agenga gasutamo ya Nepal noneho komeza unyuze mu cyatsi kibisi wirinde kugenzura birambuye keretse ukekwa. 7.Ahantu h’ubucuruzi bwabujijwe / Nepal-Ubushinwa Ahantu hacururizwa ku mipaka: Uruhushya rwihariye rushobora gukenerwa mu bucuruzi hagati y’umupaka uhana imbibi n’Ubushinwa ni ukuvuga: Tatopani / Kodari / Syabrubesi / Rasuwagadhi n'ibindi. Ni ngombwa kumenyera amabwiriza ya gasutamo ya Nepal mbere yo gukora ingendo kugirango winjire neza kandi usohoke. Kutubahiriza amategeko ya gasutamo birashobora kuvamo ibihano, kwamburwa ibintu bibujijwe, cyangwa no gukurikiranwa n'amategeko.
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Nepal, igihugu kidafite inkombe muri Aziya yepfo kizwiho ubwiza bwa Himalaya, gifite politiki y’imisoro itumizwa mu mahanga. Igihugu gisora ​​imisoro itandukanye ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga kugira ngo bigenzure ubucuruzi no kurinda inganda z’imbere mu gihugu. Ubwa mbere, Nepal ishyira ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu byiciro bitandukanye ukurikije imiterere n'intego. Ibyo byiciro birimo ibikoresho fatizo, ibicuruzwa bigezweho, ibicuruzwa bikuru, ibicuruzwa byabaguzi, nibintu byiza. Buri cyiciro gifite igipimo cyacyo cyimisoro. Ibikoresho bito n'ibicuruzwa bigezweho bikenewe mubikorwa byumusaruro bishimira imisoro mike kugirango bashishikarize inganda zaho. Ibi bikoresho akenshi bikenera kunyura muri gasutamo nkuko amategeko abigenga. Ibicuruzwa bikuru nkimashini cyangwa ibikoresho bikoreshwa mubikorwa byo gukora nabyo byakira neza hamwe n’imisoro mike itumizwa mu mahanga. Guverinoma ifite intego yo kuzamura iterambere ry’inganda ituma ibyo bicuruzwa bigerwaho. Ibicuruzwa byabaguzi bidakorerwa mu karere akenshi bihura n’amahoro menshi yo gutumiza mu mahanga kugira ngo arinde ubucuruzi bwaho kandi ateze imbere kwihaza mu gihe kirekire. Ubu buryo ni bumwe mu ngamba za Nepal zo kugabanya gushingira ku bicuruzwa biva mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, ibintu bimwebimwe byiza cyane nka elegitoroniki yo mu rwego rwo hejuru cyangwa ibinyabiziga bihura n’imisoro ihanitse cyane kuko bifatwa nkibicuruzwa bitari ngombwa byinjira mu mahanga bigenewe cyane cyane abaguzi bakize. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko igipimo cy’imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga gishobora gutandukana bitewe n’amasezerano yasinywe hagati ya Nepal n’ibindi bihugu cyangwa uturere. Aya masezerano arashobora gutanga ibiciro byoroheje cyangwa gusonerwa mubihe byihariye. Muri rusange, politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe muri Nepal iharanira kugera ku kwibeshaho mu gutera inkunga inganda zaho mu gihe zicunga neza ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Abatumiza mu mahanga bagomba guhora bamenye amategeko yiganje ajyanye n’imisoro ya gasutamo mbere yo kwinjiza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu. (Kubara ijambo: 271)
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Nepal ni igihugu kidafite inkombe muri Aziya yepfo, kizwiho umurage ndangamuco gakondo hamwe n’ahantu heza cyane. Ku bijyanye na politiki y’imisoro yohereza mu mahanga, Nepal yashyize mu bikorwa ingamba zimwe zo guteza imbere ubucuruzi n’iterambere ry’ubukungu. Muri Nepal, politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga iratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Guverinoma ifite intego yo gushishikariza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu gutanga imisoro no gusonerwa. Inganda zishingiye ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga nk'imyenda, amatapi, ubukorikori, n'imiti yishimira politiki y’imisoro. Izi nzego zakira inyungu nka gahunda yo kugabanya imisoro cyangwa kugabanya imisoro. Ku rundi ruhande, ibicuruzwa bimwe bishobora guhura n’imisoro ihanitse cyangwa ibuzwa bitewe n’ibidukikije cyangwa kurengera isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu. Kurugero, ibicuruzwa nkibiti n’ibinyabuzima bifite amategeko akomeye ashyirwaho n’amategeko y’igihugu ndetse n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga. Byongeye kandi, Nepal kandi yasinyanye amasezerano atandukanye y’ubucuruzi n’ibihugu bituranye n’Ubuhinde na Bangladesh. Aya masezerano agamije koroshya ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka hagabanywa imisoro ku bicuruzwa byihariye bigurishwa hagati yibi bihugu. Gahunda nkiyi ituma abohereza ibicuruzwa muri Nepali bagera kumasoko manini kubiciro byapiganwa. Ibisobanuro nyabyo by'imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga kuri buri cyiciro cy'ibicuruzwa muri Nepal urashobora kubisanga mu itegeko rya gasutamo 2075 (2018). Iki gikorwa gitanga amakuru yuzuye kubyerekeye imisoro ya gasutamo yakwa muburyo butandukanye bwibicuruzwa mugihe cyo gutumiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Muri rusange, guverinoma ya Nepal yemera akamaro ko kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu iterambere ry’ubukungu kandi yashyize mu bikorwa politiki ishyigikira inzego nyinshi kandi inita ku bidukikije ndetse no kurengera isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu.
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Nepal ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Aziya yepfo, kizwiho amateka akomeye, umuco utandukanye, n'ubwiza nyaburanga butangaje. Ku bijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, Nepal ikurikiza inzira zimwe na zimwe kugira ngo hamenyekane ubuziranenge n'ukuri kw'ibicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze. Ubuyobozi bukuru bushinzwe ibyemezo byohereza ibicuruzwa muri Nepal ni ishami rishinzwe gutanga ibicuruzwa no kurengera abaguzi (DoCSCP). Iri shami rishinzwe kugenzura no guteza imbere ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi mu gihugu. DoCSCP itanga ubwoko butandukanye bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bitewe n'imiterere y'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze. Icyemezo kimwe cyingenzi gisabwa nabanyamahanga bohereza ibicuruzwa hanze ni icyemezo cyinkomoko (COO). Iyi nyandiko itanga ibimenyetso byerekana ko ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bikorerwa cyangwa bikorerwa muri Nepal. COO ifasha kumenya ukuri kwibicuruzwa no gukumira uburiganya bushoboka cyangwa ibikorwa byiganano mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ikindi cyemezo cyingenzi cyatanzwe na DoCSCP nicyemezo cya Phytosanitarite, cyemeza ko ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku bimera byujuje ubuziranenge bukenewe bwashyizweho n’ibihugu bitumiza mu mahanga. Iki cyemezo cyemeza ko ibikomoka ku buhinzi biva muri Nepal bitarimo udukoko, indwara, cyangwa ibindi byanduza bishobora kwangiza imyaka y’ibanze iyo bitumijwe mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, ukurikije imirenge cyangwa inganda zihariye zigira uruhare mubyoherezwa mu mahanga nk'imyenda, ubukorikori, cyangwa imiti y'ibyatsi; izindi mpamyabumenyi zirashobora gukenerwa. Izi mpamyabumenyi zishobora kuba zirimo ISO ibyemezo bya sisitemu yo gucunga neza cyangwa ibyemezo nganda ku musaruro w’ubuhinzi. Abashora ibicuruzwa hanze muri Nepal nabo bagomba kubahiriza amabwiriza yihariye yatumijwe mu mahanga yashyizweho n’ibihugu bigana. Ibi bishobora kuba bikubiyemo kubahiriza inzitizi za tekiniki zibangamira ubucuruzi nko gushyiramo ibimenyetso cyangwa gusuzuma ibipimo ngenderwaho nka CE biranga imashini zohereza ibicuruzwa mu Burayi. Mu gusoza, Nepal yohereza ibyemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga ikubiyemo inyandiko zitandukanye zitangwa cyane cyane na DoCSCP. Icyemezo cyemeza kugenzura ibicuruzwa no kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga yerekeye umutekano w’ubuzima cyangwa sisitemu yo gucunga neza. Abatumiza mu mahanga bo muri Nepali bagomba kuguma bamenyereye amabwiriza akwiye yerekeye inganda zihariye mu gihe banubahiriza ibisabwa na gasutamo yashyizweho n'ibihugu bigana
Basabwe ibikoresho
Nepal ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Aziya yepfo. N’ubwo imbogamizi zidasanzwe z’akarere, Nepal yashyizeho umuyoboro unoze kandi wizewe w’ibikoresho byujuje ubucuruzi bw’imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga. Ku bijyanye no gutwara abantu, Nepal ahanini ishingiye ku bwikorezi bwo mu muhanda kubera imisozi. Igihugu gifite urusobe runini rw'imihanda ihuza imijyi n'imijyi itandukanye. Icyakora, ni ngombwa kumenya ko imihanda ishobora gutandukana, cyane cyane mu cyaro. Niyo mpamvu, ni byiza gukoresha inararibonye zitanga ubwikorezi bwaho zimenyereye inzira zaho kandi zishobora guhangana nubutaka butoroshye. Kubikorwa byo gutwara indege, ikibuga cyindege mpuzamahanga cya Tribhuvan i Kathmandu ni irembo rikuru rya Nepal ryinjira mu mizigo mpuzamahanga. Itanga uburyo butandukanye bwo gutwara imizigo kandi yashyizeho imiyoboro n’indege zikomeye ku isi. Niba ukeneye kohereza byihuse cyangwa ufite ibicuruzwa byita ku gihe, imizigo yo mu kirere irashobora kuba amahitamo meza. Ku bijyanye na serivisi zitwara ibicuruzwa mu nyanja, Nepal ntishobora kugera ku byambu ibyo ari byo byose kubera ko ari igihugu kidafite inkombe. Ariko, ibyoherezwa birashobora kunyuzwa muburyo bworoshye mubihugu bituranye nku Buhinde cyangwa Bangaladeshi ukoresheje ibyambu byabo mbere yo kujyanwa ku butaka muri Nepal. Nepal kandi ifite inzira ya gari ya moshi nu Buhinde itanga ubundi buryo bwo gutwara ibicuruzwa. Umuhanda wa gari ya moshi Raxaul-Birgunj hafi yumupaka wamajyepfo ukora nkumuyoboro wingenzi wubucuruzi hagati ya Nepal nu Buhinde. Iyo usuzumye uburyo bwo guhunika cyangwa kubikemura mububiko muri Nepal, hari ububiko bwinshi bwigenga buboneka mugihugu cyose butanga ibikoresho byububiko bifite umutekano bifite tekinoroji igezweho nka sisitemu yo gucunga ibarura hamwe nuburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe. Ni ngombwa guhuza abatwara ibicuruzwa babigize umwuga bafite ubumenyi nubuhanga bwaho mugihe bakora ibikorwa bya logistique muri Nepal. Barashobora gufasha kugendana neza na gasutamo mugihe bakurikiza amabwiriza yo gutumiza / kohereza hanze. Icya nyuma, ukurikije aho uherereye hagati y'Ubushinwa n'Ubuhinde - ubukungu bubiri bwiyongera cyane - Nepal ifite amahirwe menshi yo kuba ihuriro ry'akarere mu bikorwa byo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu bihe biri imbere. Ibi bizarushaho kuzamura ubushobozi bwa Nepal no gutanga amahirwe menshi mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Mu gusoza, Nepal yubatse umuyoboro wizewe w’ibikoresho nubwo ufite ibibazo by’akarere. Ubwikorezi bwo mu muhanda bukomeje kuba uburyo bwo gutwara abantu, mu gihe serivisi zitwara indege ziboneka binyuze ku Kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Tribhuvan. Ku bicuruzwa byo mu nyanja, ibyambu by’ibihugu bituranye birashobora gukoreshwa. Abashinzwe gutwara ibicuruzwa babigize umwuga hamwe n’ububiko bwigenga na bo barahari kugira ngo borohereze imikorere myiza mu gihugu.
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Nepal ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Aziya yepfo, gihana imbibi n'Ubuhinde n'Ubushinwa. Nubwo ingano nini n’ibibazo by’akarere, Nepal ifite inzira nyinshi zingenzi zitanga amasoko n’imurikagurisha ryorohereza iterambere ry’ubucuruzi. Imwe mu nzira zikomeye z’amasoko muri Nepal yoroherezwa binyuze mu masezerano y’ubucuruzi n’ibihugu duturanye. Nepal yunguka amahirwe yo kugera ku masoko atandukanye binyuze mu masezerano y’ibihugu byombi ndetse n’ibihugu byinshi nk’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi bwo muri Aziya yepfo (SAFTA) n’ibindi bihugu bigize SAARC. Ibi bitanga amahirwe kubucuruzi bwo muri Nepali kohereza ibicuruzwa byabo muri ibi bihugu ku giciro cyagabanijwe cyangwa zeru. Byongeye kandi, Nepal ni umunyamuryango w’umuryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi (WTO), uyemerera kugira uruhare mu biganiro by’ubucuruzi ku isi kandi bikungukira mu buryo bwo gukemura amakimbirane ya WTO. Uyu munyamuryango utanga ibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa muri Nepal hamwe nubucuruzi bwiza kwisi yose. Byongeye kandi, hari imurikagurisha ryinshi ry’ubucuruzi ryabereye muri Nepal rikurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga kandi ritanga urubuga rwo kwerekana ibicuruzwa na serivisi. Bimwe mubigaragara harimo: 1. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubucuruzi rya Nepal: Ryateguwe buri mwaka n’ishyirahamwe ry’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Nepal (FNCCI), iri murikagurisha rihuza imurikagurisha ry’imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga mu nzego zitandukanye nk'ubuhinzi, ubukorikori, imyenda, imashini, ubukerarugendo, n'ibindi. 2. Urugendo rwa Himalaya Mart: Iri murika ryibanda ku bukerarugendo rigamije guteza imbere Nepal nk'ahantu heza h’ubukerarugendo bwo kwidagadura. Ikurura ibigo byingendo kwisi, abakora ingendo, indege, amahoteri / resitora bashaka ubufatanye mubucuruzi. 3. Imurikagurisha ry’ubukorikori: ryateguwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’amashyirahamwe y’ubukorikori muri Nepal (FHAN), iri murikagurisha ryibanda ku guteza imbere ubukorikori gakondo bwo muri Nepali nko kubumba, kubaza ibiti, gukora ibyuma n’ibindi. 4. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ryubaka: Ihuriro ryagenewe inganda zijyanye nubwubatsi zirimo ibikoresho byubwubatsi / abatanga ibicuruzwa hamwe nabateza imbere imitungo itimukanwa / amasosiyete yubwubatsi aho bashobora kwerekana ibyo batanze vuba. 5.Genda Organic Expo & Symposium: Igikorwa ngarukamwaka cyibanda ku guteza imbere ubuhinzi-mwimerere n’ibicuruzwa bifitanye isano na Nepal. Ninzira nziza kubakora ibinyabuzima byo muri Nepali kwerekana ibicuruzwa byabo bitarimo udukoko. Iri murikagurisha ry’ubucuruzi ritanga amahirwe ku baguzi bo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga kugira ngo bahuze n’abakora ibicuruzwa byaho, bashake ubufatanye bushoboka, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa / serivisi biva muri Nepal. Byongeye kandi, bagira uruhare runini mu kuzamura ubukungu bwa Nepal bakurura ishoramari ry’amahanga no kuzamura iterambere ry’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Mu gusoza, nubwo idafite aho ihuriye n’igihugu, Nepal ifite inzira z’amasoko mpuzamahanga binyuze mu masezerano y’ubucuruzi n’ibihugu bituranye n’Ubuhinde n’Ubushinwa. Byongeye kandi, imurikagurisha ry’imurikagurisha nk’imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubucuruzi rya Nepal, Himalaya Travel Mart, Imurikagurisha ry’ubukorikori ritanga urubuga aho ubucuruzi bushobora kwerekana ibyo butanga ku isi yose. Izi nzira zitera kuzamuka mu bukungu muri Nepal mu gukurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga no korohereza amahirwe yo guteza imbere ubucuruzi ku masosiyete yo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga akorera mu nzego zitandukanye z’ubukungu.
Nepal, igihugu kidafite inkombe muri Aziya yepfo, kizwiho ibyiza nyaburanga bya Himalaya n'umurage gakondo. Iyo bigeze kuri moteri zishakisha zizwi zikoreshwa muri Nepal, hari amahitamo menshi arahari. Hano hari moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa muri Nepal hamwe na aderesi zabo: 1. Google (www.google.com.np): Nta gushidikanya ko Google ari moteri ishakisha izwi cyane kandi ikoreshwa cyane ku isi. Itanga umukoresha-wifashisha interineti ifite ubushobozi bwo gushakisha, bigatuma ihitamo kubakoresha Nepali. 2. Yahoo! Nepal (np.yahoo.com): Yahoo! Nepal itanga amakuru yaho, serivisi ya imeri, hamwe na moteri ishakisha kubakoresha Nepali. Nubwo bidashobora gukundwa nka Google kwisi yose, iracyafite abakoresha benshi b'indahemuka mugihugu. 3. Bing (www.bing.com): Bing niyindi moteri ishakisha itanga ibintu bitandukanye nko gushakisha urubuga, gushakisha amashusho, gushakisha amashusho, nibindi byinshi. 4. Baidu (www.baidu.com): Nubwo ikoreshwa cyane cyane mubushinwa aho isoko rya Baidu rirenze iry'izindi moteri zishakisha nka Google cyangwa Bing; kubera umuco usa hagati y'Ubushinwa na Nepal n'umubare munini w'abakerarugendo b'Abashinwa basura Nepal buri mwaka; abakoresha benshi bo muri Nepali batangiye gukoresha Baidu mubikorwa byihariye nkamakuru ajyanye n'ubukerarugendo cyangwa umuco w'Abashinwa. 5. DuckDuckGo (duckduckgo.com): DuckDuckGo ni moteri ishakisha ibanga ryibanga idakurikirana amakuru y’abakoresha cyangwa ngo itange ibisubizo byihariye bishingiye ku mateka yo gushakisha. 6 Izi ni ingero nkeya za moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa muri Nepal; icyakora, abantu benshi bakunda gukoresha Google nkibyifuzo byabo byambere kubera ubwiganze bwisi yose hamwe namakuru menshi aboneka binyuze kumurongo wubushakashatsi.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Muri Nepal, impapuro nyamukuru z'umuhondo nububiko bwuzuye bwubucuruzi na serivisi biboneka mugihugu. Bafasha abantu n’imiryango kubona amakuru yinganda zitandukanye, harimo resitora, amahoteri, ibitaro, serivisi zitwara abantu, nibindi byinshi. Hano hari impapuro zingenzi zumuhondo muri Nepal hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Urupapuro rwumuhondo Nepal: Nimwe mubuyobozi bukomeye bwo kumurongo butanga amakuru kubyerekeranye nubucuruzi mubice bitandukanye. Urubuga: https://www.yellowpagesnepal.com/ 2. BizServeNepal: Ubu bubiko butanga urutonde rwinshi rwubucuruzi ku masosiyete yo mu karere ndetse n’amahanga akorera muri Nepal. Urubuga: https://www.bizservenepal.com/ 3. Urupapuro rwumuhondo rwo muri Nepali (NYP): NYP itanga urutonde runini rwibikorwa byaho byashyizwe muburyo bwinganda. Urubuga: http://nypages.net/ 4. NepalYP.com: Nububiko bwa interineti butanga ibisobanuro birambuye hamwe na aderesi kubucuruzi butandukanye muri Nepal. Urubuga: https://www.nepalyp.com/ 5. Urupapuro rwiza rwumuhondo Nepal (BYN): BYN itanga urubuga rukomeye kubakoresha gushakisha ibyiciro bitandukanye byubucuruzi ahantu runaka muri Nepal. Urubuga: http://www.bestyellowpagesnepal.com/ 6. Yoolk Nepali Business Directory & Travel Guide (Yoolk.com): Uru rubuga rurimo urutonde rurambuye hamwe nisuzuma ryubucuruzi mu nganda zitandukanye hamwe nuyobora ingendo bijyanye. Urubuga: https://www.yoolk.com.np/ Izi porogaramu zitanga interineti-yorohereza abakoresha aho abashyitsi bashobora gushakisha kumirenge cyangwa ahantu kugirango babone amakuru arambuye, aderesi, isuzuma ryabakiriya, amanota, nandi makuru ajyanye nubucuruzi bwanditse. Nyamuneka menya ko kuboneka kurubuga bishobora guhinduka mugihe; burigihe nibyiza kugenzura niba imbuga zigikora mbere yo gukoresha.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Nepal, igihugu cyiza kidafite inkombe muri Aziya yepfo, cyabonye iterambere ryinshi mu bucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi mu myaka mike ishize. Hashyizweho imiyoboro myinshi ya e-ubucuruzi, itanga ibicuruzwa na serivisi bitandukanye kubakoresha Nepal. Hano hari bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya e-ubucuruzi muri Nepal hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Daraz (https://www.daraz.com.np): Daraz ni kamwe mu turere two muri Nepal tugura ibintu byinshi kuri interineti. Itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi biva mubyiciro bitandukanye birimo imyambarire, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho byo murugo, ibicuruzwa byiza, nibindi byinshi. 2. Sastodeal (https://www.sastodeal.com): Sastodeal ni irindi soko ryamamaye kumurongo muri Nepal ritanga ibicuruzwa byinshi kubiciro byapiganwa. Irimo ibyiciro nka elegitoroniki, imyenda yimyambarire, ibikoresho byo mu gikoni, ibitabo nibikoresho byo mu biro. 3. Kaymu (https://www.kaymu.com.np): Kaymu ni urubuga rwo guhaha kumurongo aho abantu bashobora kugura no kugurisha ibintu bishya cyangwa byakoreshejwe mubyiciro bitandukanye nka electronics, ibikoresho by'imyambarire, ibikoresho byo munzu nibindi byinshi. 4. NepBay (https://www. 5. Hamrobazar (https://hamrobazaar.com): Hamrobazar ntabwo ari isoko ryo kumurongo gusa ahubwo ni urubuga rwashyizwe mubikorwa bikoreshwa mugugura / kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishya kandi bikoreshwa muri Nepal. 6. Muncha (https://muncha.com): Muncha itanga uburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga impano muminsi mikuru y'amavuko cyangwa iminsi mikuru mugutanga indabyo, shokora cyangwa izindi mpano zihariye muri Nepal. 7.Urwibutso rwa Hub (https: Izi porogaramu zafashije guhindura ubunararibonye mu guhaha muri Nepal zitanga uburyo bworoshye no kubona ibicuruzwa byinshi ku baguzi mu gihugu hose.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Nepal, iherereye muri Aziya yepfo, ifite imbuga nkoranyambaga zikoreshwa cyane nabenegihugu. Ihuriro rifite uruhare runini muguhuza abantu, gusangira amakuru nibitekerezo, no gukomeza kugezwaho amakuru agezweho. Hano hari imbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane muri Nepal hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Facebook (www.facebook.com): Nta gushidikanya ko Facebook ari urubuga rukoreshwa cyane muri Nepal. Iyemerera abakoresha gukora imyirondoro, guhuza inshuti nimiryango, gusangira amafoto na videwo, guhuza amatsinda ajyanye ninyungu zitandukanye, no gukomeza kugezwaho amakuru. 2. Twitter (www.twitter.com): Twitter nurundi rubuga ruzwi cyane rwemerera abakoresha kohereza ibishya cyangwa "tweet" yinyuguti zigera kuri 280. Abanya Nepal benshi bakoresha Twitter kugirango bakurikire ibyamamare bakunda, abanyapolitiki, ibitangazamakuru, cyangwa basangire ibitekerezo byabo kubintu bitandukanye. 3. Instagram (www.instagram.com): Instagram ni urubuga rushingiye ku mashusho rukoreshwa mu gusangira amafoto na videwo. Yamamaye cyane mu rubyiruko rwo muri Nepali rwishimira kwerekana ubuhanga bwabo bwo gufotora kimwe no gukurikira abaterankunga n'ibyamamare. 4. LinkedIn (www. 5. YouTube (www. 6. TikTok (www. 7 8. WeChat (www. 9. Snapchat (www.snapchat.com): Snapchat ni porogaramu yohereza ubutumwa bwa multimediya yemerera abakoresha kohereza inshuti cyangwa amashusho yabuze inshuti. Nubwo bidashobora kuba byiganje muri Nepal ugereranije nizindi mbuga, ifite abakoresha bayo mu rubyiruko rwo muri Nepal. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko kuboneka no gukundwa kwimbuga nkoranyambaga zishobora guhinduka mugihe bitewe nuburyo bugenda bugaragara hamwe nibyifuzo byabakoresha.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Nepal ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Aziya yepfo. Azwiho ibyiza nyaburanga, umurage ndangamuco ukungahaye, hamwe n’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye. Ubukungu bwa Nepal bushingiye ku nganda n’imirenge itandukanye, buri kimwe gihagarariwe n’amashyirahamwe yihariye y’inganda cyangwa ibigo by’ubucuruzi. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Nepal: 1. Ihuriro ry’ingereko z’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Nepal (FNCCI) - FNCCI ni urwego rukuru ruhagarariye ubucuruzi bw’abikorera muri Nepal. Itezimbere kwihangira imirimo, yunganira politiki yorohereza ubucuruzi, kandi itanga serivisi zitandukanye kubanyamuryango bayo. Urubuga: https://www.fncci.org/ 2. Ihuriro ry’inganda zo muri Nepal (CNI) - CNI ihagarariye inganda z’inganda muri Nepal mu nzego zose zirimo inganda, gutunganya ubuhinzi, ingufu, ubukerarugendo, na serivisi. Urubuga: https://cni.org.np/ 3. Ihuriro ry’amashyirahamwe y’ubukorikori muri Nepal (FHAN) - FHAN yibanda ku guteza imbere no kubungabunga ubukorikori gakondo ndetse no gutera inkunga abanyabukorikori bakora muri uru rwego. Urubuga: http://www.fhan.org.np/ 4. Ishyirahamwe ryamahoteri Nepal (HAN) - HAN ihagarariye inganda zakira abashyitsi muri Nepal itanga inkunga kubanyamahoteri mugihe itezimbere ibikorwa byubukerarugendo mu gihugu hose. Urubuga: http://www.han.org.np/ 5.Nepal Association of Tour & Travel Agents (NATTA) - NATTA ifasha guteza imbere no guteza imbere ibikorwa byubukerarugendo haba mumasoko yimbere mugihugu ndetse no mumahanga binyuze mumahirwe yo guhuza abashinzwe ingendo. Urubuga: https: //natta.org.np/ 6.Nepal Tea Garden Association Association (NTGA) - NTGA ihagarariye abafite ubusitani bwicyayi, icunga igiciro, gushinga imishinga ishingiye ku cyayi nibindi Urubuga: http: //www.ntganepal.com 7.Ishyirahamwe ry’imyenda-Nepal (GAR): rigizwe n’abakora imyenda & ritanga inkunga yo kuzamura inganda zimyenda binyuze mubufatanye nabafatanyabikorwa bakomeye urubuga: https: //garnepal.com/ Izi ni ingero nke gusa; Nepal ifite andi mashyirahamwe atandukanye yinganda zihagarariye urwego nka banki n’imari, ubuhinzi, ubwubatsi, ikoranabuhanga mu makuru, nibindi byinshi. Aya mashyirahamwe afite uruhare runini mu guteza imbere no guharanira inyungu z’inganda zabo mu gihugu.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Hano hari imbuga nyinshi zubukungu nubucuruzi zijyanye na Nepal. Dore bike muribi hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubucuruzi no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze (TEPC): Uru ni urubuga rwemewe rwa TEPC, umuryango wa leta ushinzwe guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga no gutanga serivisi zitandukanye ku bohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Urubuga: https://www.tepc.gov.np/ 2. Minisiteri y’inganda, ubucuruzi, n’ibicuruzwa: Urubuga rwemewe rwa Minisiteri rutanga amakuru kuri politiki, amabwiriza, amahirwe yo gushora imari, imibare y’ubucuruzi, n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi muri Nepal. Urubuga: http://moics.gov.np/ 3. Ihuriro ry’ingereko z’ubucuruzi n’inganda zo muri Nepal (FNCCI): FNCCI n’umuryango wambere w’abikorera ku giti cyabo uhagarariye inyungu z’inganda n’ubucuruzi muri Nepal. Urubuga: https://www.fncci.org/ 4. Ishami rya gasutamo (gasutamo ya Nepal): Urubuga rwemewe rwa Minisiteri rutanga amakuru kubyerekeye inzira za gasutamo, igipimo cy’amahoro, ibisabwa byoherezwa mu mahanga-ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, kuvugurura amabwiriza, n'ibindi. Urubuga: http://customs.gov.np/ 5. Ikigo gishinzwe ishoramari Nepal (IBN): IBN ishinzwe korohereza ishoramari ritaziguye ry’amahanga mu nzego zinyuranye binyuze muri serivisi imwe idirishya ku bashoramari. Urubuga: http://ibn.gov.np/ 6. Nepal Rastra Bank (Banki Nkuru): Urubuga rwemewe rwa banki nkuru rutanga amakuru kubyerekeye ivugururwa rya politiki y’ifaranga, igipimo cy’ivunjisha, imibare ijyanye n'ububiko bw'ivunjisha, n'ibindi bipimo by'ubukungu. Urubuga: https://nrb.org.np/ 7. Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe guteza imbere icyayi n’ikawa (NTCDB): NTCDB yibanda ku guteza imbere icyayi n’ikawa, kuzenguruka, gutunganya, kwamamaza n'ibikorwa byohereza ibicuruzwa muri Nepal. Urubuga: http://ntcdb.itdg.org. Izi nizo mbuga zikomeye zubukungu nubucuruzi bijyanye na Nepal zishobora gutanga amakuru yingirakamaro mubukungu bwayo, politiki y'ubucuruzi, amahirwe yo gushora imari, kohereza / kwinjiza amakuru, nibindi bisobanuro bifatika bikenewe mugukora ubucuruzi cyangwa kwishora hamwe namasosiyete yo muri Nepal.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hariho urubuga rwamakuru rwubucuruzi rwinshi rushobora kubaza ibikorwa byubucuruzi bwa Nepal. Hano hari amahitamo make hamwe na aderesi zabo kurubuga: 1. Ishami rya gasutamo, Nepal: Urubuga rwa leta rwemewe rutanga imibare yubucuruzi namakuru ajyanye nibitumizwa hanze. Urubuga: https://www.customs.gov.np/ 2. Minisiteri y’inganda, ubucuruzi, n’ibicuruzwa, Nepal: Uru rubuga rutanga amakuru y’ubucuruzi ndetse namakuru akenewe yerekeye politiki y’ubucuruzi, amasezerano, n’amahirwe yo gushora imari muri Nepal. Urubuga: https://www.mics.gov.np/ 3. Nepal Rastra Bank (Banki Nkuru ya Nepal): Itanga amakuru yuzuye yubukungu harimo igipimo cy’ivunjisha, imibare yohereza mu mahanga-ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, imibare y’imishahara y’igihugu. Urubuga: https://www.nrb.org.np/ 4. Ububikoshingiro bw’umuryango w’abibumbye: Iyi data base yemerera abakoresha gushakisha amakuru y’ubucuruzi ku bicuruzwa birenga 170 harimo na Nepal. Urubuga: https://comtrade.un.org/ 5 Urubuga: https://wits.worldbank.org/ Nyamuneka menya ko izi mbuga zishobora kuba zifite urwego rutandukanye cyangwa rwibanze ku bintu bimwe na bimwe by’ubucuruzi bwa Nepal. Nibyiza gushakisha buri rubuga kugiti cyawe ukurikije ibyo usabwa. Wibuke kohereza mu buryo butaziguye amagambo akoreshwa cyangwa amabwiriza mugihe ukoresha amakuru yakusanyirijwe mubikorwa byubucuruzi cyangwa imishinga yubushakashatsi

B2b

Nepal ni igihugu kidafite inkombe muri Aziya yepfo, kizwiho umuco ukungahaye n'ubwiza nyaburanga butangaje. Iyo bigeze kuri B2B ya platform muri Nepal, hari amahitamo menshi aboneka ahuza inganda nimirenge itandukanye. Hano hari amwe muma platform ya B2B azwi muri Nepal: 1. Nepalb2b.com: Uru rubuga rwibanda ku guhuza ubucuruzi muri Nepal no guteza imbere ibikorwa byubucuruzi. Itanga urutonde rwuzuye rwibicuruzwa na serivisi zitangwa n’amasosiyete yo muri Nepal, hamwe nibisobanuro byabo. Urubuga: nepalb2b.com 2. Exportersnepal.com: Nkuko izina ribigaragaza, iyi platform ya B2B igenewe cyane cyane guhuza ibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa muri Nepal hamwe nabaguzi mpuzamahanga. Irerekana ibicuruzwa byinshi byoherezwa mu mahanga biva mu nganda zitandukanye nk'imyenda, ubukorikori, ubuhinzi, n'ibindi. Urubuga: abatumiza ibicuruzwa.com 3.Trademandu.com: Trademandu ikora nk'isoko ryo kumurongo aho ubucuruzi bushobora kugura no kugurisha ibicuruzwa mubyiciro bitandukanye nka electronics, imideri, ibikoresho byimashini, ubuzima & ibicuruzwa byiza nibindi .. Urubuga: trademandu.com 4.Nepalexportershub.org: Uru rubuga rwibanda ku kuzamura ibicuruzwa byoherezwa muri Nepali ku isi hose bitanga igitabo cy’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga hamwe n’amakuru arambuye ku bicuruzwa.Urubuga rugaragaza kandi amakuru agezweho ajyanye n’ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi muri Nepal ku babishaka.Webiste: nepalexportershub.org. 5.Ebigmarket.com. .np Izi porogaramu zikora nkibikoresho byingenzi kubucuruzi bushaka guhuza nabafatanyabikorwa baho cyangwa mpuzamahanga kugirango ubufatanye bushoboka cyangwa amahirwe yubucuruzi kumasoko atera imbere ya Nepal.Urubuga rwavuzwe haruguru rugomba kuguha andi makuru yerekeye serivisi zabo nuburyo ushobora kuzikoresha kubyo ukeneye byihariye.
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