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Incamake y'igihugu
Repubulika ya Ceki, izwi kandi ku izina rya Ceki, ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati. Igabana imbibi zayo n'Ubudage mu burengerazuba, Otirishiya mu majyepfo, Silovakiya mu burasirazuba, na Polonye mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba. Hatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 10.7, Repubulika ya Ceki ibamo umurage utandukanye w’umuco n’akamaro k’amateka. Umurwa mukuru n'umujyi munini ni Prague, uzwi cyane kubera ubwubatsi butangaje harimo n'ikigo kizwi cyane cya Prague na Charles Bridge. Igihugu gifite amateka akomeye kuva mu binyejana byinshi. Yahoze mu Bwami bwa Otirishiya na Hongiriya mbere yo kubona ubwigenge mu 1918. Mu gihe cy'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose ndetse no mu gihe cy'Intambara y'ubutita yakurikiyeho, Repubulika ya Tchèque yaguye ku butegetsi bw'Abasoviyeti ariko ibasha kwimukira muri repubulika ishingiye kuri demokarasi nyuma ya Revolution ya Velvet mu 1989. Repubulika ya Ceki ifite ubukungu bwateye imbere hamwe n’inganda nk’inganda, serivisi, n’ubukerarugendo zitanga umusanzu ku buryo bugaragara. Ifite kimwe mu bicuruzwa byinjira mu gihugu hejuru y’umuturage mu bihugu by’Uburayi bwo hagati kandi bifite umwanya w’ingenzi mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU). Ifaranga rikoreshwa hano ryitwa koruna ya Ceki (CZK). Imico yabereye muri Repubulika ya Tchèque irashimishije cyane mu minsi mikuru myinshi ya muzika nka Prague Spring International Festival Festival ikurura abahanzi baturutse hirya no hino ku isi. Byongeye kandi, Abanya Ceki bazwiho gukunda umupira wamaguru wa ice hamwe numupira wamaguru. Igikoni cyo muri Tchèque gitanga amafunguro meza nka goulash (isupu yinyama) itangwa hamwe nuduseke cyangwa svíčková (inyama zinka za marine) ziherekejwe nisosi ya cream. Ibinyobwa bizwi byaho birimo ibirango byinzoga zizwi kwisi nka Pilsner Urquell cyangwa Budweiser Budvar. Ubwiza nyaburanga bw'iki gihugu nabwo bwiyongera ku bwiza bwabwo. Umujyi mwiza wa Cesky Krumlov cyangwa amasoko yubushyuhe ya Karlovy Vary ni ingero zimwe na zimwe z’ubukerarugendo buzwi cyane muri Ceki. Muri make, Repubulika ya Ceki igaragara nkigihugu cyateye imbere mu bukungu gifite amateka akomeye, umurage ndangamuco, n'ahantu heza cyane. Nigihugu gitanga uruvange rwiza-rwisi-rwiza hamwe niterambere rigezweho, rukaba ahantu nyaburanga hasurwa nabashyitsi ndetse ninzu nziza kubenegihugu.
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Ifaranga rya Repubulika ya Ceki ni koruna ya Ceki (CZK). Koruna yatangijwe mu 1993 nyuma y’iseswa rya Cekosolovakiya, koruna yabaye ifaranga ryemewe rya Repubulika ya Ceki. Koruna imwe igabanijwemo 100 haléřů (haléř). Kode y'ifaranga rya koruna ya Ceki ni CZK, kandi ikimenyetso cyayo ni Kč. Inoti zikwirakwizwa ziraboneka mu madini atandukanye nka 100 Kč, 200 Kč, 500 Kč, 1.000 Kč, 2000 Kč na 5,000 Kč. Ibiceri biraboneka mumadini ya 1 Kč, 2 Kč, 5K č, 10K č, 20 k č no hejuru. Igipimo cy’ivunjisha rya CZK gihindagurika n’ifaranga rikomeye nka euro cyangwa amadorari y’Amerika. Amabanki n'ibiro byo kuvunja biroroshye kuboneka mugihugu cyose kugirango uhindure amafaranga atandukanye muri CZK. Banki nkuru ishinzwe gucunga no kugenzura politiki y’ifaranga izwi nka Banki nkuru y’igihugu ya Ceki (Česká národní banka), ikunze kwitwa ČNB. Ifite uruhare runini mu kubungabunga ibiciro by’imbere mu gihugu binyuze muri politiki y’ifaranga. Muri rusange, ifaranga rya Repubulika ya Tchèque ryerekana uburyo bw’imari bwashyizweho neza hamwe n’ivunjisha rihamye ryorohereza ibikorwa by’imbere mu gihugu n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga neza.
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ifaranga ryemewe rya Repubulika ya Ceki ni koruna ya Ceki (CZK). Kubijyanye no kugereranya igipimo cy’ivunjisha hamwe n’amafaranga akomeye ku isi, dore indangagaciro zimwe: 1 USD ≈ 21 CZK 1 EUR ≈ 25 CZK 1 GBP ≈ 28 CZK 1 JPY ≈ 0.19 CZK Nyamuneka menya ko ibiciro byivunjisha bishobora guhinduka kandi burigihe nibyiza kugenzura hamwe nisoko ryizewe cyangwa ikigo cyimari kubihe nyabyo nibiciro byemewe.
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Repubulika ya Tchèque, izwi kandi ku izina rya Ceki, ifite iminsi mikuru myinshi n’ibirori by’igihugu by’ingenzi mu muco n’amateka y’igihugu. Dore bimwe mubiruhuko byingenzi byizihizwa muri Repubulika ya Ceki: 1. Umunsi wubwigenge (Den Nezávislosti): Bizihijwe ku ya 28 Ukwakira, uyu munsi urizihiza ishingwa rya Cekosolovakiya mu 1918 ndetse n’ubwigenge bwakurikiye ku butegetsi bwa Otirishiya na Hongiriya. 2. Noheri (Vánoce): Kimwe n'ibihugu byinshi ku isi, Abanya Ceki bizihiza Noheri ku ya 24 Ukuboza. Imiryango iraterana kugirango ihanahana impano, yishimira amafunguro gakondo nka karp ikaranze hamwe na salade y ibirayi, kuririmba karoli, no kwitabira misa ya nijoro. 3. Pasika (Velikonoce): Pasika ni umunsi mukuru w'idini wizihizwa muri Repubulika ya Ceki. Harimo imigenzo itandukanye nko gushushanya amagi ukoresheje tekinike gakondo nka ibishashara batik cyangwa marbling, gukubita amaguru yumukobwa n'amashami yubushake kugirango ubuzima bwiza, no kwitabira urugendo. 4. Umunsi wa Mutagatifu Cyril na Methodius (Den slovanských věrozvěstů Cyrila a Metoděje): Bizihizwa ku ya 5 Nyakanga buri mwaka, uyu munsi wubaha Intore Cyril na Methodius bari abamisiyoneri bamenyesheje ubukirisitu abaturage b'Abasilave mu Bwami bukomeye bwa Moraviya. 5. Umunsi wa Gicurasi (Svátek práce): Ku ya 1 Gicurasi buri mwaka, Abanya Ceki bishimira ibyo bagezeho mu murimo hamwe na parade yateguwe n’amashyirahamwe mu mijyi minini. 6. Umunsi wo Kwibohoza (Den osvobození): Wizihizwa ku ya 8 Gicurasi buri mwaka; birerekana ko Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose yarangiye igihe ingabo z'Abasoviyeti zavaga Prague mu butegetsi bw'Abadage mu 1945. 7. Gutwika Abapfumu Ijoro (Pálení čarodějnic cyangwa Čarodejnice): Ku ya 30 Mata buri mwaka, hacanwa umuriro mu gihugu hose kugira ngo ushushanye gutwika abarozi no kwirinda imyuka mibi, byerekana ko impeshyi igeze. Iyi minsi mikuru igira uruhare runini mu mico gakondo ya Repubulika ya Tchèque kandi igaha abaturage n'abashyitsi amahirwe yo kwishora mu biribwa gakondo, imigenzo gakondo, imigenzo, n'ibirori bikomeye.
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Repubulika ya Ceki ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati. Ifite ubukungu bwateye imbere cyane kandi bwuguruye, bituma iba kimwe mu bihugu byateye imbere mu karere. Imiterere y’ubucuruzi mu gihugu igaragaza imikorere y’ubukungu ikomeye. Ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bigira uruhare runini mu bukungu bwa Repubulika ya Ceki, bingana n’igice kinini cya GDP. Igihugu cyohereza cyane cyane imashini n'ibikoresho, imodoka, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imiti, n'ibicuruzwa bitandukanye. Bamwe mu bafatanyabikorwa bakomeye mu bucuruzi barimo Ubudage, Silovakiya, Polonye, ​​Ubufaransa, na Otirishiya. Ubudage buhagaze nk’ahantu h’ingenzi twohereza ibicuruzwa mu bucuruzi bwa Tchèque kubera ko byegeranye n’imiterere n’ubucuruzi bukomeye hagati y’ubucuruzi. Byohereza cyane cyane ibinyabiziga nibice byimodoka mubudage. Irindi soko ryingenzi ryohereza ibicuruzwa hanze ni Slowakiya kubera isano iri hagati y’ibihugu byombi. Ku rundi ruhande, Repubulika ya Ceki itumiza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye hirya no hino ku isi kugira ngo bikemuke mu gihugu. Ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga ni imashini n'ibikoresho, ibikoresho fatizo birimo lisansi n'amabuye y'agaciro (nk'amavuta ya peteroli), imiti (harimo na farumasi), ibikoresho byo gutwara abantu (nk'imodoka zitwara abagenzi), imashini z'amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho ndetse na elegitoroniki. Korohereza ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga gutembera neza hamwe n’ibindi bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (Repubulika ya Ceki yabaye umunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi mu 2004) ndetse n’ibihugu bitari Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi nk’Ubushinwa cyangwa Uburusiya; ibikorwa remezo byo gutwara abantu harimo imiyoboro y'imihanda igira uruhare runini muri ibyo bikorwa. Mu myaka yashize, guverinoma yashyizeho ingamba zo gutandukanya abafatanyabikorwa babo mu bucuruzi kurenga ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bashimangira umubano w’ubukungu n’ibihugu bya Aziya-Pasifika binyuze muri gahunda nka "Umuhanda wa Belt & Road Initiative" uyobowe n’Ubushinwa cyangwa ugasinya amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu nka Comprehensive Amasezerano yubukungu nubucuruzi na Kanada cyangwa EU-Singapore Amasezerano yubucuruzi yubusa nibindi .. Muri make, Repubulika ya Tchèque yishingikirije cyane ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga mu kuzamura ubukungu.Ni urwego rukomeye rw’inganda rugira uruhare runini mu gutanga amasoko ku isi.Nkimwe mu bihugu by’ubukungu bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bihagaze neza, bikomeza kwerekeza ku cyerekezo cyiza cy’ishoramari ry’amahanga kandi kigaragaza ubushake buhamye bwo kwagura umubano w’ubucuruzi uretse ubufatanye gakondo.
Iterambere ryisoko
Repubulika ya Ceki, iherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati, ifite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Igihugu gifite ibikorwa remezo byateye imbere, abakozi bafite ubumenyi, hamwe n’ubucuruzi bwiza butuma bikurura abashoramari mpuzamahanga. Imwe mu mbaraga zingenzi z’isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’ububanyi n’amahanga ya Repubulika ya Tchèque niho iherereye. Iki gihugu giherereye mu Burayi rwagati, kibera irembo ry’amasoko y’uburayi bw’iburengerazuba n’iburasirazuba. Iyi nyungu ya geografiya ituma ubucuruzi bukorera muri Repubulika ya Ceki bworoha kugera no kwagura ibikorwa byabwo mubihugu duturanye. Byongeye kandi, Repubulika ya Ceki ifite abakozi bize cyane kandi bafite ubumenyi. Igihugu gifite kimwe mu bipimo byinshi by’abanyeshuri barangije kaminuza kuri buri muntu mu Burayi. Uru rufatiro rukomeye rwuburezi ruha imbaraga abakozi bafite ubumenyi nubuhanga buhanitse bukenewe mu nganda zishingiye ku guhanga udushya nk'ikoranabuhanga, inganda, n'ubushakashatsi. Byongeye kandi, Repubulika ya Tchèque itanga uburyo bwiza bw’ubucuruzi hamwe n’imisoro ihiganwa ku bashoramari b’amahanga. Guverinoma ishyigikiye byimazeyo kwihangira imirimo itanga inkunga n’inkunga yo gutera inkunga udushya dushya ndetse n’ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse (SMEs). Uyu mwuka wubucuruzi ushishikariza ibigo byo mumirenge itandukanye gushinga igihagararo muri Repubulika ya Ceki. Byongeye kandi, kwishyira hamwe kw’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU) biha ubucuruzi kugera ku isoko ry’abaguzi ry’abaturage barenga miliyoni 500. Uyu munyamuryango yorohereza ubucuruzi hagati y’ibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa muri Ceki n’ibindi bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi nta mbogamizi cyangwa amahoro. Ubwanyuma, ubukungu butandukanye bwa Repubulika ya Ceki butanga amahirwe mu nganda zitandukanye. Inzego zingenzi zirimo gukora amamodoka, gukora imashini, imiti, serivisi za IT, gutunganya ibiryo, Mu gusoza, Repubulika ya Tchèque yerekana imbaraga zikomeye zo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga kubera aho iherereye, abakozi bafite ubumenyi, ibidukikije byiza, Abanyamuryango ba EU, n'ubukungu butandukanye. Abashoramari bashaka kwaguka mpuzamahanga bagomba gutekereza ku isoko rishya kuko ritanga amahirwe menshi yo kuzamuka.
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ku bijyanye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bizwi cyane mu bucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Repubulika ya Ceki, hari ibyiciro bimwe na bimwe bikunda gukora neza ku isoko. Ibyiciro byibicuruzwa byujuje ibyifuzo byabaguzi kimwe ninganda zikenerwa mu gihugu. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi byatoranijwe neza ni ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n'ikoranabuhanga. Repubulika ya Ceki yibanda cyane ku iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga no guhanga udushya. Kubwibyo, nibyiza gushyiramo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bizwi nka terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, imashini zikoresha imikino, hamwe n’ibikoresho byo mu rugo byubwenge mu guhitamo kwawe. Ikindi gice cyiterambere cyisoko ni ibice byimodoka nibikoresho. Repubulika ya Ceki ifite inganda zikomeye z’imodoka hamwe n’inganda nyinshi zikomeye ziri mu mbibi zayo. Nkigisubizo, harakenewe cyane ibicuruzwa nka pine, bateri, akayunguruzo, hamwe na sisitemu yo kumurika imodoka. Byongeye kandi, kwibanda kumyambarire n'imyambarire birashobora gutanga umusaruro. Abaguzi ba Tchèque barushijeho gushishikazwa n’imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga n’imyambarire igezweho. Guhitamo imyenda nkimyenda yo hanze, inkweto, ibikoresho (harimo imitako), hamwe na athleisure kwambara birashobora kubashimisha. Ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa nabyo ni ibintu by'ingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho muguhitamo ibicuruzwa byubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Repubulika ya Ceki. Kugaragaza amahitamo kama cyangwa ubuzima bwiza bishobora gukurura abaguzi bita kubuzima baha agaciro ibikorwa byubuhinzi birambye. Icya nyuma ariko rwose ntabwo ari ingenzi ni imitako yo munzu n'ibikoresho - urwego rusanzwe rugaragaza iterambere rihamye kubera isoko ryimiturire ikomeye mugihugu. Mugutanga ibikoresho byiza byo mu nzu nka sofa, ameza afite ibishushanyo mbonera cyangwa ibishushanyo gakondo bihujwe nibikoresho bigezweho cyangwa uburyo bushya bwo gukora ibicuruzwa bishobora kureshya abakiriya. Muri make, 1) Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki & IT: Reba terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, imashini zikina imikino n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo byubwenge. 2) Ibice byimodoka & ibikoresho: Wibande kumapine, bateri, kuyungurura, hamwe na sisitemu yo kumurika imodoka. 3) Imyambarire & Imyambarire: Shyiramo imyenda yo hanze, inkweto zigezweho, imitako, & imyenda ya athleisure 4) Ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa: Guteza imbere uburyo kama / ubuzima bwiza bufata abakunda ubuhinzi burambye. 5) Imitako yo murugo & ibikoresho: Erekana ibikoresho bikurura ibikoresho bikoreshwa muburyo bugezweho & gakondo. Guhitamo ibicuruzwa witonze muri ibi bice bizongera amahirwe yo gutsinda ku isoko muri Repubulika ya Ceki.
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Repubulika ya Ceki ni igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati, kizwiho amateka akomeye n'umurage ndangamuco. Hano, ndashaka kwerekana bimwe mubiranga abakiriya na kirazira byiganje muri societe ya Ceki. Ibiranga abakiriya: 1. Igihe cyubahirizwa: Abakiriya ba Tchèque baha agaciro igihe kandi bategereje ko ubucuruzi bwubahiriza ibyo biyemeje bijyanye nigihe cyo gutanga cyangwa gahunda zinama. 2. Ikinyabupfura: Abakiriya ba Tchèque bashima imikoranire yubupfura no kubahana nabatanga serivisi. Ni ngombwa gukoresha indamutso yemewe nka "Dobrý den" (Umunsi mwiza) mugihe winjiye mubucuruzi. 3. Pragmatism: Abakiriya bo muri Repubulika ya Ceki bakunda kuba pragmatique mugihe bafata ibyemezo byubuguzi. Bashyira imbere imikorere, ubuziranenge, nigiciro kuruta ibindi bintu nkamazina yikirango cyangwa igishushanyo. 4. Kubaha umwanya wihariye: Igitekerezo cyumwanya bwite gihabwa agaciro cyane muri Repubulika ya Ceki. Abakiriya bahitamo gukomeza intera ikwiye mugihe cyo guhura imbona nkubone keretse kumenyerana. Kirazira: 1. Kwirinda ibiganiro bito: Mugihe ibiganiro byinshuti bishobora kuba bisanzwe mumico imwe n'imwe, kwishora mubiganiro bito cyane cyangwa kwinjira mubintu bwite bifatwa nkibidakwiye muri Repubulika ya Ceki. 2. Kunegura nta shingiro bifite: Gutanga kunegura bidafite ishingiro kubikorwa byumuntu cyangwa ibikorwa byubucuruzi birashobora kubonwa nabakiriya hano. Ibitekerezo byubaka bigomba guhora bitangwa kubwicyubahiro kandi bigashyigikirwa nimpamvu zifatika. 3.Kuba muburyo budasanzwe: Kugumana urwego runaka rwimikorere mugitangira umubano wubucuruzi nibyingenzi mugihe ukorana nabakiriya baturutse muri Repubulika ya Ceki kugeza igihe hazamenyekana kurushaho. 4.Gusuzugura imigenzo yaho: Kugaragaza kubaha gasutamo ni ngombwa kubakiriya hano; kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kutubaha imigenzo cyangwa ibirori bifatwa nkabenegihugu. Kumenya imico yabakiriya no kubahiriza kirazira zabo bizafasha ubucuruzi kugirana umubano mwiza nabakiriya baturutse muri Repubulika ya Ceki mugihe bakora ibikorwa byiza muri iki gihugu gitandukanye n’umuco
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Repubulika ya Ceki, izwi kandi ku izina rya Ceki, ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati. Nkumunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU), ikurikiza politiki rusange y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Hano haribintu bimwe byingenzi bigize sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo nibintu ugomba kuzirikana mugihe ugenda cyangwa unyuze muri Repubulika ya Ceki: 1. Igenzura ry'umupaka: Repubulika ya Ceki ifite imipaka imbere na hanze ya Schengen. Iyo ugenda mukarere ka Schengen, mubusanzwe nta kugenzura imipaka ihamye hagati yibihugu bigize uyu muryango; icyakora, rimwe na rimwe kugenzura bishobora kugaragara kubera impamvu z'umutekano. 2. Amabwiriza ya gasutamo: Gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe birashobora gukumirwa cyangwa gukurikiza amabwiriza y’uburayi. Kugira ngo wirinde ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose kuri gasutamo, menya neza ko ukurikiza imipaka itishyurwa ku bicuruzwa nk'inzoga, ibicuruzwa by'itabi, n'amafaranga arenze imipaka yagenwe. 3. Ibisabwa viza: Ukurikije ubwenegihugu cyangwa intego yo gusura, urashobora gukenera viza yo kwinjira mugihugu byemewe n'amategeko. Iperereza niba ukeneye viza hakiri kare mbere yurugendo rwawe kugirango wirinde ingorane zose zidakenewe kumupaka. 4. Amafaranga atangirwa umusoro: Abashyitsi baturuka mu bihugu bitari Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi barashobora kuzana ibicuruzwa bitagira umusoro muri Tchèque mu mafaranga yihariye yashyizweho n’inzego zibishinzwe bijyanye no gukoresha umuntu wenyine. 5.Ibibujijwe byo Guhanahana amakuru: Iyo winjiye cyangwa usohoka mu gihugu utwaye amafaranga arenga 10,000 euro cyangwa ahwanye nayandi mafranga (harimo na cheque yabagenzi), agomba kumenyeshwa abayobozi ba gasutamo. 6.Ibintu bibujijwe: Kimwe n’amabwiriza agenga isi yose, ibiyobyabwenge n’ibiyobyabwenge byo mu mutwe birabujijwe rwose kwambuka imipaka y’igihugu nta burenganzira bubifitiye inzego zibifitiye ububasha. 7.Ibikomoka ku nyamaswa n’ibimera: Igenzura rikomeye rigenga ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga / ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bijyanye n’ubuzima bw’inyamaswa (amatungo) kimwe n’ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku bimera nkimbuto / imboga kubera impungenge za phytosanitarite zigamije gukumira udukoko / indwara. 8.Ibyakiriwe ninyandiko: Menya neza ko ubika inyemezabwishyu zose zikenewe hamwe nibyangombwa bijyanye nibyo waguze, cyane cyane ibintu bifite agaciro kanini. Abakozi ba gasutamo barashobora gusaba icyemezo cyubuguzi cyangwa nyirubwite. 9.Travel Ibisabwa Ubuzima: Ukurikije uko ubuzima bwifashe muri iki gihe, ni ngombwa kugenzura niba hari amategeko yihariye yubuzima cyangwa ibisabwa mugihe ugiye muri Ceki, nkibizamini bya COVID-19 byateganijwe cyangwa ingamba zo gushyira mu kato. 10.Ubufatanye n'abakozi ba gasutamo: Birasabwa gufatanya no gusubiza ukuri ku bibazo byose byakozwe n'abashinzwe za gasutamo iyo binjiye cyangwa basohotse. Kudakurikiza amabwiriza yabo bishobora kuvamo gutinda, kwamburwa ibicuruzwa, ihazabu, ndetse n’ingaruka zemewe n'amategeko. Birasabwa ko abagenzi bahora bakomeza kugezwaho amakuru agezweho yerekeye amabwiriza ya gasutamo hamwe n’inama z’ingendo mbere yo gutangira urugendo rwabo muri Repubulika ya Ceki.
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Repubulika ya Ceki ifite gahunda yuzuye y’imisoro n’amahoro ku bicuruzwa byinjijwe mu gihugu. Politiki y’imisoro igamije kugenzura ubucuruzi no kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu, ari nako zinjiza leta amafaranga. Ibicuruzwa bitumizwa muri Repubulika ya Tchèque bitangirwa umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA), kuri ubu ushyizwe kuri 21%. Umusoro ku nyongeragaciro usoreshwa ku bicuruzwa na serivisi byinshi kuri buri cyiciro cy'umusaruro cyangwa kugabura, amaherezo bikagurwa n'abaguzi ba nyuma. Byongeye kandi, imisoro yihariye ya gasutamo irashobora gukoreshwa bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Ibiciro biratandukanye bitewe ninkomoko yibicuruzwa, ibyiciro byabo ukurikije code ya Harmonized Sisitemu, cyangwa amasezerano ayo ari yo yose akoreshwa mubihugu byombi. Abatumiza mu mahanga basabwa kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa byabo binjiye mu karere ka Ceki. Bagomba kwerekana ibyangombwa nkinyemezabuguzi zubucuruzi, ibyangombwa byubwikorezi, ibyemezo (niba bishoboka) kandi bagatanga icyemezo cyuko bishyuye imisoro cyangwa imisoro igomba gutangwa. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko ibicuruzwa bimwe bishobora gutangirwa umusoro ku nyongeragaciro usibye imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga iyo iri mu byiciro nka alcool, ibikomoka ku itabi, amavuta y’ibitoro cyangwa amasoko y’ingufu. Ibiciro by’imisoro bitandukanye nibicuruzwa ukurikije imiterere yabyo no kubikoresha. Kugirango hubahirizwe amabwiriza ajyanye n’imisoro yatumijwe muri Repubulika ya Tchèque ba nyir'ubucuruzi bagomba kugisha inama abayobozi cyangwa abajyanama babigize umwuga bashobora gutanga ubuyobozi bwihariye bujyanye n’inganda n’ibihe. Muri rusange, gusobanukirwa neza n’imisoro yatumijwe muri Repubulika ya Ceki ni ngombwa ku muntu wese ugira uruhare mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Kubahiriza iyi politiki bizafasha kwirinda ibihano bishobora gushyigikirwa mu guhatanira amarushanwa akwiye no kugira uruhare runini mu kuzamura ubukungu bw’igihugu.
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Repubulika ya Ceki, iherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati, ifite politiki y’imisoro ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Igihugu kigamije guteza imbere ubukungu no gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga binyuze mu buryo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Muri rusange, Repubulika ya Ceki ntishyiraho imisoro yihariye ku bicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze. Ariko, ni ngombwa kumenya ko imisoro imwe itaziguye ishobora gukoreshwa kubicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe mugihe cyibikorwa cyangwa aho bigurishwa. Umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) ni umwe mu misoro itaziguye igira ingaruka ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa muri Repubulika ya Ceki. Umusoro ku nyongeragaciro usoreshwa ku bicuruzwa na serivisi byinshi ku gipimo gisanzwe cya 21% cyangwa kugabanya ibiciro bya 15% na 10%. Abasohoka mu mahanga basonewe kwishyura umusoro ku nyongeragaciro ku bicuruzwa byoherejwe mu mahanga niba bujuje ibisabwa kandi bakandika neza ibyo bakoze. Byongeye kandi, imisoro ku musoro irashobora gukoreshwa mubicuruzwa byihariye nk'inzoga, itabi, ibicuruzwa bitanga ingufu (urugero, amavuta, gaze), n'ibinyabiziga. Iyi misoro yakwa hashingiwe ku bwinshi cyangwa ingano y'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Umusoro ku musoro ugamije kugenzura ibicuruzwa mu gihe byinjiza leta. Mu rwego rwo kurushaho gushishikariza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga no kuzamura irushanwa, Repubulika ya Ceki yashyizeho ingamba zitandukanye zirimo gusonerwa cyangwa kugabanya imisoro ya gasutamo ku byiciro byihariye by’ibicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze. Izi ngamba zifasha kugabanya ibiciro bijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa mubucuruzi bukora inganda nkubuhinzi cyangwa inganda. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko amabwiriza yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze ashobora guhinduka mugihe runaka kubera ibyemezo bya politiki cyangwa ibyahinduwe bikenewe kugirango uhuze namasezerano mpuzamahanga yubucuruzi. Niyo mpamvu, ari ngombwa ko abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bakomeza kuvugururwa na politiki y’imisoro iriho bagisha inama inzego zibishinzwe cyangwa abanyamwuga bazobereye mu mategeko mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi. Muri rusange, mu gushyiraho politiki y’imisoro ijyanye n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga hamwe n’ahantu haherereye mu Burayi ndetse n’imiyoboro y’ibikorwa remezo byateye imbere, Repubulika ya Ceki igamije gukomeza guteza imbere ikirere cyiza haba mu bicuruzwa by’imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amasosiyete y’amahanga ashaka kwagura ibikorwa byayo ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Repubulika ya Ceki, iherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati, izwiho inganda zikomeye zohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Igihugu gifite gahunda ihamye yo kwemeza ibyoherezwa mu mahanga kugira ngo harebwe ubuziranenge no kubahiriza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Icyemezo cyo kohereza hanze muri Repubulika ya Ceki kirakenewe kubwimpamvu zitandukanye. Ubwa mbere, ifasha kurinda izina no guhatanira ibicuruzwa bya Ceki ku masoko mpuzamahanga byemeza ubuziranenge n’umutekano. Icya kabiri, iremeza ko ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mu mahanga byubahiriza amabwiriza ya gasutamo n'ibisabwa mu mahanga. Repubulika ya Ceki ikurikiza amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU) yerekeye ibyemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga. Nk’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, igihugu cyubahiriza politiki n’ubucuruzi rusange by’Uburayi mu gihe cyohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Ibi bivuze ko abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba kuzuza ibisabwa mbere yuko ibicuruzwa byabo byemezwa koherezwa hanze. Ubusanzwe abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bakeneye kubona icyemezo cyinkomoko (COO) kubicuruzwa byabo, bigenzura ko byakozwe cyangwa bikozwe muri Repubulika ya Ceki. COO isabwa n'abayobozi ba gasutamo mu bihugu bitumiza mu mahanga nk'ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko ibicuruzwa biva mu gihugu runaka. Usibye COO, izindi mpamyabumenyi zirashobora gukenerwa bitewe nubwoko bwibicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze. Minisiteri y’inganda n’ubucuruzi (MPO) ishinzwe gutanga ibyemezo by’ubwoko butandukanye bwoherezwa mu mahanga nk’ibikomoka ku buhinzi, imashini, imiti, n’ibindi. Bakorana n’inzego zinyuranye zibifitiye ububasha nk’ishami ry’amatungo cyangwa ibigo bishinzwe umutekano mu biribwa kugira ngo hubahirizwe urwego runaka- ibipimo bifitanye isano. Kugirango babone icyemezo cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba kuzuza ibyangombwa bisabwa kandi bagatanga ibyangombwa byerekana ko byubahiriza amabwiriza yose akurikizwa yashyizweho n’amategeko y’imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’ibisabwa n’ibihugu bitumiza mu mahanga. Izi nyandiko zirashobora kubamo ibimenyetso byibisubizo byibicuruzwa cyangwa isuzuma ryakozwe na laboratoire cyangwa ibigo byemewe. Muri make, kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Repubulika ya Tchèque bisaba kubona ibyemezo bikwiye byoherezwa mu mahanga nka Certificat y’inkomoko no kubahiriza amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ashyirwa mu bikorwa n’inzego zibishinzwe nka MPO zemeza ko ubuziranenge bwujuje ubuziranenge bwujujwe mu gihe cyo kwinjira ku masoko y’amahanga.
Basabwe ibikoresho
Repubulika ya Ceki, iherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati, izwiho ibikorwa remezo bikomeye byo gutwara abantu n'ibintu. Igihugu gifite imiyoboro myiza y’imihanda, gari ya moshi, ikirere, n’amazi bituma iba ahantu heza ho gukorera ibikoresho. Ubwikorezi bwo mu muhanda: Repubulika ya Ceki ifite urusobe runini rw'imihanda ibungabunzwe neza ihuza imijyi minini n'uturere tw’inganda. Sisitemu yo gutwara abantu ikora neza kandi yizewe. Hariho amasosiyete menshi atwara imizigo atanga serivisi zo murugo no mumahanga. Bamwe basabwa gutanga imizigo yo mumuhanda harimo DHL Freight, DB Schenker Logistics, na Gebrüder Weiss. Ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi: Sisitemu ya gari ya moshi ya Repubulika ya Ceki ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu nganda zayo. Itanga uburyo buhendutse bwo gutwara ibicuruzwa mu gihugu hose no mu bihugu duturanye nk'Ubudage, Otirishiya, Slowakiya, na Polonye. Ceske Drahy (Gari ya moshi ya Ceki) n’umushinga wa gari ya moshi w’igihugu muri Repubulika ya Ceki utanga serivisi z’abagenzi n’imizigo. Ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere: Kubijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa cyangwa ibikenerwa mpuzamahanga bikenewe, ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere bugira uruhare runini muri Repubulika ya Ceki. Ikibuga cy’indege cya Václav Havel ni cyo kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga mu gihugu gifite ibikoresho byiza byo gutwara imizigo. Ibindi bibuga byindege nka Brno-Turany Ikibuga cyindege nabyo bikora ibicuruzwa byoherejwe ku rugero ruto. Ubwikorezi bwo mu mazi: N’ubwo idafunze, Repubulika ya Ceki ifite uburyo bwo gutwara amazi binyuze mu migezi yayo ihuza uruzi rwa Danube binyuze mu miyoboro. Icyambu cya Hamburg mu Budage ni ihuriro ry’ingenzi mu guhuza ibicuruzwa biva mu gihugu biva mu bwato buva muri mPortugale amaherezo bikwirakwizwa mu Burayi. Abatanga serivisi zo gutanga ibikoresho: Usibye abakora ubwikorezi twavuze haruguru (DHL Freight, DB Schenker Logistics, na Gebrüder Weiss), abandi benshi batanga serivise zo gutanga ibikoresho bakorera muri Repubulika ya Ceki harimo Kuehne + Nagel, Ceva Logistics, TNT Express, na UPS Supply Chain Solutions. Abatanga nkibi batanga ibisubizo byanyuma-birangiye birimo ububiko, serivisi zo gukwirakwiza, guhuza ibicuruzwa, hamwe na gasutamo. Ububiko no Gukwirakwiza: Repubulika ya Ceki ifite urusobe rwateye imbere rwibikoresho bigezweho byububiko hamwe n’ibigo bikwirakwiza. Ibi bikoresho birashobora kwakira ubwoko butandukanye bwibicuruzwa hamwe na serivisi nko gucunga ibarura, kuzuza ibicuruzwa, hamwe na serivisi zongerewe agaciro nko kuranga no gupakira. Ahanini biherereye mumijyi minini nka Prague, Brno, Ostrava, na Plzen. Mu gusoza, Repubulika ya Ceki itanga ibikorwa remezo byinshi by’ibikoresho bituma iba ahantu heza ku bucuruzi bushaka gushinga ibikorwa byabo cyangwa kwaguka cyane mu Burayi bwo hagati. Hamwe n’imihanda ikora neza, gari ya moshi, ikirere, n’amazi yo gutwara abantu, hamwe no kuba hari abatanga serivise zizwi zitanga ibikoresho, igihugu gitanga ibisubizo byizewe, bikora neza, kandi bidahenze kubyo ukeneye byose.
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Repubulika ya Ceki, iherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati, ni isoko rigenda rigaragara rifite umubare munini w’imiyoboro mpuzamahanga itanga amasoko n’imurikagurisha. Mu myaka yashize, igihugu cyakuruye abaguzi benshi baturutse hirya no hino ku isi kubera inganda zapiganwa ndetse n’ubucuruzi bwiza. Reka dusuzume inzira zingenzi ziterambere ryabaguzi n’imurikagurisha ry’ubucuruzi muri Repubulika ya Ceki. Ubwa mbere, bumwe mu buryo bukomeye bwo gutanga amasoko muri Repubulika ya Tchèque binyuze ku mbuga za interineti zashyizweho. Imbuga nka Alibaba.com na Global Sources zirazwi mubaguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka ibicuruzwa biva muri kano karere. Ihuriro ryemerera ubucuruzi guhuza nabashobora gutanga ibicuruzwa, gusaba ibicuruzwa, kuganira kubiciro, no gutegura ibicuruzwa byoroshye. Byongeye kandi, amashyirahamwe yubucuruzi afite uruhare runini muguhuza abaguzi nabatanga isoko. Muri Repubulika ya Ceki, amashyirahamwe atandukanye y’inganda akora mu guteza imbere umubano w’ubucuruzi mu gihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Aya mashyirahamwe ategura ibikorwa byo guhuza ibikorwa, amahugurwa, amahugurwa, hamwe nubucuruzi bujyanye nabaguzi nabatanga isoko kugirango bahuze. Urugero: 1) Ishyirahamwe ryohereza ibicuruzwa muri Tchèque: Iri shyirahamwe rigamije koroshya ibikorwa byo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu guhuza ibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa muri Tchèque n’abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga binyuze mu bikorwa byateguwe. 2) Urugereko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Ceki: Urugereko rufasha guteza imbere umubano w’ubukungu byombi utegura inama, inama hagati y’ubucuruzi mu nzego z’inganda. Usibye urubuga rwa interineti nimbaraga zamashyirahamwe yubucuruzi muguhuza abaguzi nabagurisha / ababikora / abatanga isoko; hari kandi imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rizwi cyane rikorwa buri mwaka cyangwa kabiri muri Repubulika ya Ceki ikurura uruhare rwisi yose: 1) M. ) 3) DSA Defence & Security Expo: Iri murika ryibanda ku bikoresho bijyanye n’ingabo aho abaguzi mpuzamahanga bakomeye bateranira buri mwaka kugira ngo bashakishe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu nganda. 4) Ibikoresho & Kubaho: Iri murikagurisha ryerekana inzira zigezweho mugushushanya ibikoresho, imitako yo munzu, hamwe nibisubizo byimbere, bikurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka ibicuruzwa byiza. 5) Techagro: Ni imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubucuruzi mu buhinzi riba mu myaka ibiri rikurura abaguzi bashishikajwe n’imashini z’ubuhinzi, ibikoresho by’ibihingwa, ikoranabuhanga mu bworozi. Iyi miyoboro n’imurikagurisha bigira uruhare runini mu koroshya umubano w’ubucuruzi hagati y’abatanga ibicuruzwa muri Ceki n’abaguzi mpuzamahanga. Mu kwitabira aya mahuriro cyangwa kwitabira imurikagurisha / imurikagurisha, abaguzi barashobora gushakisha ibicuruzwa byinshi kandi bagashyiraho ubufatanye nabatanga ibicuruzwa byizewe bo muri Repubulika ya Ceki. Ahantu igihugu gifite ingamba mu Burayi, hamwe n’ibikorwa remezo byateye imbere ndetse n’abakozi bafite ubumenyi, bituma kiba ahantu heza mu bikorwa byo gutanga amasoko ku isi.
Repubulika ya Ceki, iherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati, ifite moteri zishakisha zikunze gukoreshwa. Dore bike muribi hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Seznam: Seznam ni moteri ishakisha izwi cyane muri Repubulika ya Ceki. Itanga gushakisha muri rusange, amakarita, amakuru, nizindi serivisi. Urubuga URL: www.seznam.cz 2. Google Repubulika ya Tchèque: Google ikoreshwa henshi kwisi yose mubushobozi bwayo bwo gushakisha, kandi ifite na verisiyo yaho muri Repubulika ya Ceki. Abakoresha barashobora kubona amakuru kubintu bitandukanye byoroshye ukoresheje Google igezweho. Urubuga URL: www.google.cz 3.Depo: Depo ni moteri ishakisha izwi cyane itanga ibisubizo byuzuye kubushakashatsi bwurubuga muri Repubulika ya Ceki. Usibye gushakisha imbuga za interineti, yemerera abakoresha kubona amatangazo yamamaza hamwe nizindi serivisi nkamakarita namakuru agezweho yihariye igihugu. Urubuga URL: www.depo.cz 4.Nyuma; Centrum.cz: Centrum. Urubuga URL: www.centrum.cz Izi ni ingero nkeya za moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa kenshi muri Repubulika ya Ceki; icyakora, birakwiye ko tuvuga ko abakoresha nabo bashobora guhitamo ibyamamare mpuzamahanga nka Bing cyangwa Yahoo!, bitanga isi yose. Wibuke ko kuboneka biterwa nibyifuzo byawe bwite kandi kubigeraho birashobora gutandukana ukurikije ahantu hamwe na enterineti kugiti cyawe. {Amagambo 400}

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Repubulika ya Tchèque, iherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati, ifite ububiko bwinshi bw'urupapuro rw'umuhondo abantu bashobora gukoresha mu gushaka ubucuruzi na serivisi. Dore bimwe mubyingenzi byingenzi byurupapuro rwumuhondo mugihugu hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Telefonní seznam - Ubu ni bumwe mu bubiko bwa page y'umuhondo bukoreshwa cyane muri Repubulika ya Ceki. Itanga urutonde rwuzuye rwubucuruzi mubyiciro bitandukanye. Urubuga: https://www.zlatestranky.cz/ 2. Sreality.cz - Mugihe izwi cyane cyane kurutonde rwimitungo itimukanwa, Sreality.cz itanga kandi igitabo gikubiyemo ubucuruzi na serivisi zitandukanye. Urubuga: https://sreality.cz/sluzby 3. Najdi.to - Usibye kuba moteri ishakisha rusange, Najdi.to itanga kandi urutonde rwubucuruzi namakuru yamakuru kumasosiyete menshi akorera muri Repubulika ya Ceki. Urubuga: https://najdi.to/ 4. Firmy.cz - Iki gitabo cyibanze ku mibanire y’ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi mu gutondekanya ibigo biva mu nganda zinyuranye byita kubikenewe byihariye. Urubuga: https://www.firmy.cz/ 5. Expats.cz - Igamije abanyamahanga baba cyangwa bakorera muri Repubulika ya Ceki, iki gitabo gitanga amakuru ajyanye nubucuruzi butandukanye butanga serivisi zicyongereza. Urubuga: http://www.expats.cz/prague/ubuyobozi 6. Firemni-ruzek.CZ - Yinzobere mugutanga amakuru namakuru ajyanye ninganda nto n'iziciriritse (SMEs) mumirenge itandukanye mugihugu. Urubuga: https://firemni-ruzek.cz/ Izi ni ingero nke gusa zubuyobozi bwurupapuro rwumuhondo ruboneka mumasoko ya republika ya Tchèque. Birasabwa gushakisha buri rubuga kugiti cyarwo kuko rutanga ibintu byihariye bihuye nibisabwa bijyanye no kumenya ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi byifuzwa mugihugu. Nyamuneka menya ko buri gihe ari byiza kugenzura amakuru agezweho hamwe ninkomoko yemewe kuko aderesi zurubuga zishobora guhinduka mugihe bitewe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga cyangwa ivugurura mumazina yabatanga serivise. 注意 ： 以上 网站 信息 仅供 参考 ， 大 在 多个 平台 都有 注册 请 请。。。

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Repubulika ya Ceki, iherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati, ifite urubuga runini rwa e-ubucuruzi ruzwi cyane mu bahatuye. Dore zimwe mu mbuga nyamukuru za e-ubucuruzi mugihugu hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Alza. Urubuga: www.alza.cz 2. Mall.cz: Urundi rubuga ruzwi cyane rwo kugura kumurongo rutanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye nka electronics, ibikoresho byo murugo, ibikinisho, ibikoresho byimyambarire, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga: www.mall.cz 3. Zoot.cz: Yibanze ku myambaro kubagabo nabagore bafite imyenda myinshi yimyenda itandukanye. Batanga kandi inkweto nibikoresho byo kugurisha. Urubuga: www.zoot.cz 4 Urubuga: www.rohlik.cz 5. Slevomat.cz: Uru rubuga ruzobereye mu gutanga amasezerano ya buri munsi kuri serivisi zitandukanye nka resitora, ibirori byumuco, ingendo, ibikorwa bya siporo nibindi hamwe nibiciro byagabanijwe hirya no hino.Urubuga: www.slevomat.cz 6.DrMax.com - Farumasi yamenyekanye kumurongo itanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byubuzima nkimiti irenga imiti, vitamine, inyongera nibindi kurubuga: www.drmax.com. Izi mbuga zita cyane cyane ku baguzi bo muri Repubulika ya Ceki batanga ibikubiyemo na serivisi byaho mu gihe byemeza ko ibicuruzwa byizewe binyuze mu buryo bwizewe bwo kwishyura.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Repubulika ya Ceki, igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati, gifite imbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane zikoreshwa n'abenegihugu. Dore bimwe mubigaragara: 1. Facebook (https://www.facebook.com) - Kimwe no mubindi bihugu byinshi, Facebook irazwi cyane mubakoresha Ceki. Ikoreshwa muguhuza inshuti nimiryango, gusangira inyandiko namafoto, guhuza amatsinda nibikorwa, ndetse no guteza imbere ubucuruzi. 2. Instagram (https://www.instagram.com) - Instagram imaze kumenyekana cyane muri Repubulika ya Ceki nk'urubuga rwo gusangira ibintu bigaragara nk'amafoto na videwo. Abantu benshi, abaterankunga, abahanzi, nubucuruzi bafite konti zikora kururu rubuga. 3. Twitter (https://twitter.com) - Nubwo gukundwa kwayo kutari hejuru ugereranije na Facebook cyangwa Instagram, Twitter iracyakora nka microblogging aho abakoresha bashobora gusangira ibitekerezo byabo binyuze mubutumwa bugufi bwitwa tweet. Abanyapolitike benshi, abanyamakuru, ibyamamare bakoresha Twitter kugirango bahuze nababumva. 4. LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com) - Nkurubuga rwumwuga rukoreshwa cyane kwisi yose muguhiga akazi cyangwa gushaka ubucuruzi kimwe; yishimira kandi gukoresha neza muri Repubulika ya Ceki aho abantu bashobora guhuza nabanyamwuga baturutse mu nganda zitandukanye. 5. WhatsApp (https: /www.whatsapp.com/) - Mugihe bidakunze gufatwa nkimbuga nkoranyambaga gakondo; WhatsApp irazwi cyane mubakoresha terefone igendanwa ya Tchèque kubwubutumwa bwihuse; yemerera abantu gukora ibiganiro mumatsinda cyangwa kohereza ubutumwa bwihariye. 6. Snapchat (https: Birakwiye ko tumenya ko izi mbuga zishobora kugira itandukaniro ryakarere ukurikije ibyifuzo byururimi; icyakora interineti yicyongereza iraboneka mubisanzwe yemerera isi yose harimo nababa hanze ya Repubulika ya Ceki

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Repubulika ya Ceki ni igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati. Azwiho gushingira ku nganda n’ubukungu butandukanye. Igihugu gifite amashyirahamwe menshi yinganda ahagarariye inzego zitandukanye. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Repubulika ya Ceki hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Ihuriro ry’inganda muri Repubulika ya Ceki (SPCR) - SPCR ihagarariye kandi igateza imbere inyungu z’inganda, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro, ingufu, ubwubatsi, n’inganda za serivisi. Urubuga: https://www.spcr.cz/en/ 2. Ishyirahamwe ry’imishinga mito n'iciriritse n'ibikorwa by'ubukorikori bya Repubulika ya Ceki (AMSP CR) - AMSP CR ishyigikira imishinga mito n'iciriritse kimwe n'abanyabukorikori itanga ubuvugizi, gusangira amakuru, ibikorwa byo guhuza imiyoboro, n'ubundi bufasha. Urubuga: https://www.asociace.eu/ 3. Ihuriro ry’amashyirahamwe y'abakoresha (KZPS CR) - KZPS CR ihagarariye abakoresha ba Ceki kugirango bongere ubufatanye hagati y’amashyirahamwe y'abakoresha. Urubuga: https://kzpscr.cz/en/main-page 4. Ishyirahamwe ryitumanaho rya elegitoronike (APEK) - APEK ishinzwe kugenzura irushanwa ryiza muri serivisi zitumanaho rya elegitoronike harimo terefone ihamye, terefone igendanwa, serivisi za interineti n'ibindi. Urubuga: http://www.apk.cz/en/ 5. Urugereko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Repubulika ya Ceki (HKCR) - HKCR ikora igamije gutera inkunga ubucuruzi binyuze mu guteza imbere ubukungu mu gihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu gutanga serivisi zitandukanye z’ubucuruzi. Urubuga: https://www.komora.cz/ 6. Ihuriro ry’ibigo byisesengura by’imari (COFAI) - COFAI igamije guteza imbere inyungu zumwuga mu isesengura ry’imari mu nzego zitandukanye nka banki, amasosiyete y’ubwishingizi cyangwa ibigo by’ishoramari. Urubuga: http://cofai.org/index.php?action=urugo&lang=en 7.Ishyirahamwe ry’ibigo by’imibanire rusange muri CR - APRA - APRA rihuza ibigo by’imibanire n’abaturage kugira ngo basangire imikorere myiza mu gihe bateza imbere amahame mbwirizamuco mu mibanire rusange. Urubuga: https: //apra.cz/en/ Izi nizo ngero nkeya zamashyirahamwe menshi yinganda muri Repubulika ya Ceki. Urubuga rwavuzwe ruzatanga ibisobanuro birambuye kuri buri shyirahamwe, harimo inyungu zabanyamuryango, ibyabaye, namakuru yamakuru.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Dore zimwe mu mbuga zubukungu nubucuruzi zijyanye na Repubulika ya Ceki: 1. Minisiteri y’inganda n’ubucuruzi (Ministerstvo průmyslu a obchodu) - Uru rubuga rwa leta rutanga amakuru ajyanye n’inganda, politiki y’ubucuruzi, amahirwe y’ishoramari, na gahunda ziterambere ry’ubucuruzi muri Repubulika ya Ceki. Urubuga: https://www.mpo.cz/en/ 2. CekiInvest - Iki kigo gifite inshingano zo gukurura ishoramari ritaziguye (FDI) mu gihugu. Urubuga rutanga amakuru kubyerekeranye no gushora imari, serivisi zunganira ubucuruzi, imigendekere yisoko, ninganda zikwiye gushora imari. Urubuga: https://www.czechinvest.org/en 3. Urugaga rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Prague (Hospodářská komora Praha) - Nka rimwe mu ngereko nini z’ubucuruzi zo mu karere nini muri Repubulika ya Ceki, uyu muryango utanga ibikoresho ku bucuruzi bw’ibanze nko guhuza ibikorwa, gahunda zamahugurwa, hamwe n’ubuvugizi. Urubuga: http://www.prahachamber.cz/en 4 , n'inama mu by'amategeko. Urubuga: https://www.smsp.cz/ 5. CekiTrade - Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga gifasha amasosiyete yo muri Ceki kwagura ibikorwa byayo ku masoko mpuzamahanga ari nako akurura abaguzi b’abanyamahanga gushora imari cyangwa gukorana n’ubucuruzi bwaho. Urubuga: http://www.czechtradeoffices.com/ 6. Ishyirahamwe ry’ishoramari ry’amahanga (Asociace pro investice do ciziny) - Umuryango udaharanira inyungu ugamije korohereza ishoramari ry’amahanga mu gihugu binyuze mu bikorwa bitandukanye nko guhuza ibikorwa, amahugurwa ku itegurwa ry’isesengura ry’ikirere. Urubuga: http://afic.cz/?lang=en Izi mbuga zitanga ibikoresho byingenzi kubucuruzi bushishikajwe no gushakisha amahirwe yubukungu, ibyifuzo by ishoramari, namakuru ajyanye nubucuruzi muri Repubulika ya Ceki.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hano hari imbuga nyinshi ziboneka kubucuruzi bwamakuru yerekeye Repubulika ya Ceki. Dore bike muri byo: 1. Ububiko bwa Tchèque Urubuga: https://www.usa-czechtrade.org/trade-database/ 2. UbucuruziUbukungu.com Urubuga: https://tradingeconomics.com/czech-republic/exports 3. Minisiteri y’inganda n’ubucuruzi muri Repubulika ya Ceki Urubuga: https://www.mpo.cz/en/ubucuruzi-kandi-ubucuruzi 4. Ikigo mpuzamahanga cy'ubucuruzi - Ikarita y'Ubucuruzi Urubuga: https://www.trademap.org/Country_SelProductCountry_TS.aspx?nvpm=1||170|||| 5. ibipimo by'ubukungu biva muri Banki y'Isi Urubuga: https://databank.worldbank.org/reports.aspx?source=isi-isi-iterambere-yerekana- 6. Eurostat - Ubuyobozi bukuru bwa komisiyo yu Burayi ishinzwe ibarurishamibare Urubuga: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/ububiko Nyamuneka menya ko izi mbuga zitanga amakuru atandukanye yubucuruzi, harimo ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, ibitumizwa mu mahanga, impirimbanyi z’ubucuruzi, n’ibindi bipimo bifatika ku bukungu bwa Repubulika ya Ceki.

B2b

Repubulika ya Ceki itanga urubuga rwa B2B ruhuza ubucuruzi kandi rworoshya ubucuruzi hagati yinganda zitandukanye. Hano hari ingero zigaragara hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. EUROPAGES (https://www.europages.co.uk/) Europage ni urubuga rwa B2B ruyobora i Burayi, rugizwe n’ibihumbi magana by’amasosiyete aturuka mu nganda zitandukanye. Iyemerera ubucuruzi bwa Tchèque kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi kubashobora kuba abakiriya ku mugabane wa Afurika. 2. Alibaba.com (https://www.alibaba.com/) Alibaba.com ni urubuga rwa interineti ku isi aho ubucuruzi bushobora kugura no kugurisha ibicuruzwa ku bwinshi. Itanga amahirwe kumasosiyete yo muri Ceki guhuza nabaguzi mpuzamahanga no kwagura abakiriya babo. 3. Kompass (https://cz.kompass.com/) Kompass nubuyobozi bwa B2B kwisi yose ihuza ubucuruzi kuva mumirenge itandukanye, harimo namasosiyete ya Repubulika ya Ceki. Ihuriro ritanga amakuru menshi yabatanga, ababikora, nabatanga serivisi. 4. Kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.SG (https://www.abashoramari.sg/) Abashora ibicuruzwa hanze.SG ni umuyoboro mpuzamahanga wubucuruzi ufasha abatumiza ibicuruzwa muri Tchèque kwerekana ibicuruzwa byabo cyangwa serivisi zabo kwisi yose no kuvumbura abaterankunga mubucuruzi baturutse kwisi. 5. Inkomoko yisi yose (https://www.globalsources.com/) Global Sources izobereye mu kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa byakorewe muri Aziya ariko inatanga isoko ku baguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka ibicuruzwa byiza ku isi, harimo n’ibiri muri Repubulika ya Ceki. 6. IHK-Kwohereza hanze Tschechien (http://export.bayern-international.de/en/countries/czech-republic) Ikigo mpuzamahanga cya Bavariya gishinzwe ubukungu gikora ubu buryo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga cyane cyane amahirwe y’ubucuruzi hagati ya Bavariya na Repubulika ya Ceki. Harimo imyirondoro yabafatanyabikorwa mubucuruzi nubushishozi bwinganda. Izi porogaramu zikoreshwa nkibikoresho byingirakamaro kubaguzi n’abagurisha bashaka gushyiraho amasano, gushakisha amasoko mashya, cyangwa kwagura imiyoboro ihari haba mu gihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu rwego rw’ubucuruzi bwa B2B muri Repubulika ya Ceki.
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