Ubucuruzi bwingenzi
Liechtenstein, nubwo ari igihugu gito, yashyizeho inzira nyinshi z’amasoko mpuzamahanga kandi yakira imurikagurisha ritandukanye. Izi porogaramu zitanga amahirwe kubucuruzi bwaho bwo kwishora hamwe nabaguzi kwisi no kwerekana ibicuruzwa na serivisi.
Ubwa mbere, Liechtenstein ni igice cy’ubukungu bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EEA) n’intara ya gasutamo y’Ubusuwisi. Aka gace keza ka geografiya gatuma ubucuruzi muri Liechtenstein bugira uruhare mubikorwa byamasoko ya leta kumasoko yuburayi. Binyuze mu bikorwa nka EU Tender Electronic Daily (TED), amasosiyete arashobora kubona amakuru ajyanye n'amahirwe y'isoko yatangajwe n'abayobozi ba leta mu Burayi.
Byongeye kandi, Liechtenstein ibamo amashyirahamwe menshi yubucuruzi yihariye yinganda zorohereza imiyoboro no gushiraho umubano nabaguzi mpuzamahanga. Kurugero, Urugereko rwubucuruzi rukora nk'urubuga rwo guhura n’ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi kandi rutanga inkunga mu kugera ku masoko y’amahanga binyuze mu muyoboro mugari.
Byongeye kandi, Liechtenstein yitabira cyane imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubucuruzi kugira ngo ateze imbere inganda zayo mu gihe akurura abaguzi baturutse hirya no hino ku isi. Ibirori byagaragaye cyane ni "LGT Alpin Marathon," ihuza abatanga ibicuruzwa biva mu nzego zinyuranye nk'imari, ubwishingizi, ubuvuzi, ikoranabuhanga, n'ibindi. Bitanga amahirwe meza ku masosiyete yo kwerekana ibicuruzwa / serivisi ku baguzi ku isi.
Byongeye kandi, Liechtenstein azwiho urwego rukomeye rw’imari kandi akurura ibigo byinshi by’amahanga ashakisha serivisi z’imari cyangwa amahirwe yo gushora imari. Ibigo mpuzamahanga by’imari byashyizeho amashami cyangwa amashami mu gihugu kubera ibidukikije bigengwa n’ubukungu bwifashe neza.
Liechtenstein yungukirwa kandi n'amasezerano y'ibihugu byombi hagati y'Ubusuwisi - aho asangiye ubumwe bwa gasutamo - n'ibindi bihugu ku isi. Aya masezerano yorohereza ubufatanye bw’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka mu koroshya imisoro ku bicuruzwa byinshi hagati y’ibihugu bireba.
Mu myaka yashize, Liechtenstein yerekanye ubushake bwo gushakisha imiyoboro ya e-ubucuruzi nk'umuyoboro w'ingenzi mu kwagura ubucuruzi ku isi. Mugihe amasoko yo kumurongo akomeje kwiyongera kwisi yose, batanga amahirwe menshi yo kugera kubakiriya bashya kwisi yose nta mbogamizi zishingiye ku turere.
Mu gusoza, nubwo ari geografiya nto; Liechtenstein yashyizeho uburyo mpuzamahanga bwo gutanga amasoko kandi yitabira cyane imurikagurisha. Binyuze mu miyoboro y’amashyirahamwe, kubona isoko ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, urwego rw’imari, amasezerano y’ibihugu byombi, hamwe n’urubuga rwa interineti; igihugu gitanga amahirwe ku nganda zaho zo kwishora hamwe n’abaguzi ku isi no kwagura ibikorwa byabo ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Imashini zishakisha
Muri Liechtenstein, moteri zishakisha zikunze gukoreshwa zisa nizikoreshwa kwisi yose. Hano hari moteri zishakisha zizwi cyane muri Liechtenstein hamwe na aderesi zabo kurubuga:
1. Google (www.google.li): Google niyo moteri ishakisha ikoreshwa cyane kwisi yose. Itanga amakuru menshi na serivisi, harimo gushakisha kurubuga, amashusho, ingingo zamakuru, amakarita, nibindi byinshi.
2. Bing (www.bing.com): Bing niyindi moteri ishakisha izwi itanga gushakisha kurubuga kimwe namakuru yamakuru, amashusho, videwo, namakarita. Itanga kandi ibiranga nka Bing ishusho yo gushakisha no guhindura serivisi.
3. Yahoo (www.
4. DuckDuckGo (duckduckgo.com): DuckDuckGo izwiho kwibanda ku buzima bwite no kudakurikirana amakuru y’abakoresha cyangwa kugena ibisubizo byerekanwe ukurikije ubushakashatsi bwabanje cyangwa amateka yo gushakisha. Itanga gushakisha bitazwi hamwe nibisubizo byakusanyirijwe ahantu hatandukanye.
5. Igisuwisi (www.swisscows.ch): Igisuwisi ni moteri y’ishakisha ikorera mu Busuwisi iha agaciro ubuzima bwite bw’abakoresha mu kudakusanya cyangwa kubika amakuru bwite mu gihe cyo gushakisha. Igamije gutanga amakuru yizewe mugukomeza amahame akomeye yerekeye ubuzima bwite.
6. Ecosia (www.ecosia.org): Ecosia yishimira kuba moteri ishakisha icyatsi kibisi cyangiza ibidukikije ikoreshwa nikoranabuhanga rya Microsoft Bing. Batanga inyungu zabo mugutera ibiti kwisi yose nyuma yuko abakoresha bakoze ubushakashatsi.
7.Yandex (https://yandex.ru/)
Nyamuneka menya ko Liechtenstein yishingikiriza cyane cyane kuri moteri nini zishakisha mpuzamahanga nka Google na Bing aho kugira izifite umwihariko wazo kubera ubwinshi bwabaturage.
Birakwiye ko tumenya ko ibi byifuzo bigengwa nibyifuzo bya buri muntu; urashobora gushakisha ubundi buryo ukurikije ibyo usabwa cyangwa amahitamo yawe.
Impapuro nini z'umuhondo
Liechtenstein ni igihugu gito giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati, kizwiho ibyiza nyaburanga bya alpine n'imiterere ya politiki idasanzwe. Nubwo ari ntoya, Liechtenstein afite urwego rwubucuruzi rwateye imbere cyane, bivamo amapaji atandukanye yumuhondo umutungo waboneka kubantu ndetse nubucuruzi. Hano hari amwe mumapaji yingenzi yubuyobozi muri Liechtenstein:
1. Gelbe Seiten (Urupapuro rwumuhondo): Ubu ni ububiko bwemewe bwa Liechtenstein. Irimo urutonde rwuzuye rwubucuruzi mu nganda zitandukanye, harimo amakuru yamakuru, aderesi zurubuga, nibisobanuro bigufi. Urupapuro rwumuhondo urashobora kuboneka kumurongo kuri www.gelbeseiten.li.
2. Kompass Liechtenstein: Kompass itanga ububiko bwubucuruzi burambuye burimo amakuru kumasosiyete akorera mumirenge itandukanye muri Liechtenstein. Urubuga rwabo (www.kompass.com) rwemerera abakoresha gushakisha ibyiciro byinganda cyangwa ahantu kugirango babone ubucuruzi bufite akamaro.
3. Ubucuruzi bwa LITRAO: LITRAO itanga igitabo cyubucuruzi kumurongo cyagenewe guhuza abantu nisosiyete ituye cyangwa ikorera muri Liechtenstein. Urubuga rwabo (www.litrao.li) rutanga ibisobanuro birambuye hamwe namakuru yinyongera kuri buri bucuruzi bwashyizwe ku rutonde.
4. Localsearch: Localsearch nubundi buryo bwagaciro bukubiyemo urutonde rwa serivisi zitandukanye nubucuruzi buboneka mu gace ka Liechtenstein nka Vaduz, Triesen, Schaan, nibindi. Ihuriro ryabo rirashobora kuboneka kuri www.localsearch.li.
5. Swissguide: Nubwo yibanze cyane mubusuwisi nkuko izina ribigaragaza, Swissguide nayo ikubiyemo uturere duturanye nka Liechtenstein kugirango itange amakuru menshi yubucuruzi bwaho binyuze kurubuga rwabo (www.swissguide.ch).
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko bitewe nubunini bwigihugu, ububiko bumwe bushobora kugira amahitamo make ugereranije n’ibihugu binini by’amapaji y’umuhondo; icyakora iyi platform iracyari isoko yingirakamaro mugihe ushakisha serivisi cyangwa ibicuruzwa byihariye muri Liechtenstein.
Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi
Muri Liechtenstein, igihugu gito kidafite inkombe mu Burayi bwo hagati, hari urubuga runini rwa e-ubucuruzi ruhuza ibyo abaturage baho bakeneye. Dore zimwe mu mbuga nyamukuru zo kugura kumurongo muri Liechtenstein hamwe na URL zabo:
1. Galaxus: Galaxus nimwe murubuga runini rwo kugurisha kumurongo mubusuwisi kandi ikanageza Liechtenstein. Itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi, harimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imyambarire, ibikoresho byo murugo, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga: www.galaxus.li
2. Microspot: Microspot nurundi rubuga ruzwi cyane rwa e-ubucuruzi bwu Busuwisi butanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye nka elegitoroniki y’abaguzi, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, ibicuruzwa byiza, n ibikinisho. Batanga serivisi zo gutanga kuri Liechtenstein. Urubuga: www.microspot.ch
3. Zamroo: Zamroo ihuza abaguzi n’abagurisha mu byiciro bitandukanye nka elegitoroniki, ibikoresho by'imyambarire, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, n'ibindi byinshi mu gihugu ubwacyo bitanga ubworoherane ku baturage baho. Urubuga: www.zamroo.li
4. Ricardo. -Ubucuruzi bwumupaka buva mubindi bihugu biri hafi .Urubuga: www.ricardo.ch.
5.Notonthehighstreet.com: Urubuga ruzwi cyane rwa e-ubucuruzi rukorera mu Bwongereza rutanga impano zidasanzwe kandi zihariye zakozwe n’ubucuruzi buciriritse mu Bwongereza. Uru rubuga rufite uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga harimo no kugeza mu bihugu by’Uburayi byatoranijwe nka Lichtenstein (sura -www.notonthehighstreet. com).
Nyamuneka menya ko kuboneka bishobora gutandukana muribi bibanza ukurikije aho ugurisha kugiti cye cyangwa ubushake bwo kugeza kuri Liechstenin.Abacuruzi baho barashobora kandi kugira imbuga zabo zigenga kubikorwa bya e-ubucuruzi bigatuma ari ngombwa kubakiriya bahatuye, kugirango bashakishe amahitamo nkaya. kuri moteri zishakisha cyangwa kwamamaza imbuga nkoranyambaga.
Imbuga nkoranyambaga
Liechtenstein, nubwo ari igihugu gito, afite imbuga nkoranyambaga zitandukanye. Hano hari zimwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga Liechtenstein akoresha hamwe na URL zabo.
1. Facebook: Liechtenstein akomeje kugira uruhare rugaragara kuri Facebook, aho ibigo bya leta, ubucuruzi, nimiryango itandukanye bisangira ibishya kandi bigasabana nabaturage. Urashobora kubona impapuro nka "Igikomangoma cya Liechtenstein" kuri www.facebook.com/principalityofliechtenstein.
2. Twitter: Liechtenstein akoresha kandi Twitter kugirango asangire amakuru, ibyabaye, n'amatangazo. Konti yemewe ya guverinoma ya Liechtenstein urashobora kuyisanga kuri twitter.com/LiechtensteinGov.
3. Instagram: Instagram iragenda ikundwa na Liechtenstein. Abakoresha basangira amashusho meza yimiterere yigihugu hamwe nibiranga igihugu bakoresheje hashtags nka #visitliechtenstein cyangwa #liechensteintourismus. Reba @tourismus_liechtentein kuri instagram.com/tourismus_liechtentein kumashusho atangaje.
4. LinkedIn: Abanyamwuga benshi bo mu nganda zitandukanye muri Liechteinstein bakora kuri LinkedIn kugirango bahuze kandi berekane ubuhanga bwabo cyangwa amahirwe yo kubona akazi mu mbibi zigihugu. Urashobora guhuza nababigize umwuga ukora ubushakashatsi kuri "Liechteinstein" mukibanza cyawe cyo gushakisha umwirondoro wa LinkedIn cyangwa ugasura linkin.com (nta URL yihariye bitewe nibirimo imbaraga).
5. YouTube: YouTube ikoreshwa n'abantu ku giti cyabo n’imiryango muri Liechteinstein mu kohereza amashusho yerekana ibikorwa by’umuco, ahantu nyaburanga h’ubukerarugendo n’ibindi, kwimenyekanisha cyangwa gukangurira abantu kumenya ibibazo bitandukanye bifitanye isano n’igihugu.
Urashobora gushakisha "Liechteinstein" kuri www.youtube.com kugirango umenye inzira zitandukanye zishobora kugushimisha.
Izi mbuga nkoranyambaga zitanga incamake yukuntu Liechenstien akorana kumurongo; icyakora ni ngombwa kumenya ko buri mikoreshereze yimikorere ishobora gutandukana ukurikije imyirondoro bwite / inyungu / konti zakozwe zizenguruka ku nsanganyamatsiko zitandukanye nkurugendo & amakuru yubukerarugendo, ubushishozi bwubucuruzi, imenyesha rya leta nibindi.
Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda
Liechtenstein, igihugu gito giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati, gifite amashyirahamwe akomeye y’inganda agira uruhare runini mu bukungu bw’igihugu. Aya mashyirahamwe ahagarariye inzego zitandukanye kandi atanga inkunga, ubuyobozi, nubufatanye mubucuruzi bukorera muri Liechtenstein. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Liechtenstein hamwe nurubuga rwabo:
1. Ishyirahamwe ry’abanyamabanki ba Liechtenstein (Bankenverband Liechtenstein) - Iri shyirahamwe rihagarariye amabanki n’ibigo by’imari bikorera i Liechtenstein.
Urubuga: https://www.liechtenstein.li/en/ubukungu/imari-yimikorere/imari-yinganda/
2. Ishyirahamwe ryamasosiyete yinganda (Industriellenvereinigung) - Yerekana inyungu zamasosiyete yinganda kandi iteza imbere ubukungu.
Urubuga: http://www.iv.li/
3. Urugereko rw’Ubucuruzi (Wirtschaftskammer) - Urugereko rw’Ubucuruzi rufite inshingano zo gushimangira umubano w’ubucuruzi mu gihugu no gufasha ba rwiyemezamirimo gutsinda.
Urubuga: https://www.wkw.li/en/urugo
4. Ishyirahamwe ryabakoresha (Arbeitgeberverband des Fürstentums) - Iri shyirahamwe rishyigikira abakoresha batanga inama kubibazo byamasoko yumurimo, guteza imbere imikorere myiza, no guhagararira inyungu zabakoresha.
Urubuga: https: //aarbeiter.elie.abubatsi-liaarnchitekcessarbeleaarnwithttps//employerstaydeoksfueatheltsceoheprinicyp/#n
5. Koperative y’ubuhinzi (Landwirtschaftliche Hauptgenossenschaft) - Guhagararira abahinzi borozi muri Liechtenstein, iyi koperative ishimangira amajwi y’abahinzi mu gihe ikora ubuhinzi burambye.
Urubuga: Ntibishoboka.
6. Ishyirahamwe ryimitungo itimukanwa (Liegenschaftsbesitzervereinigung LIVAG) - LIVAG yibanda ku kugenzura imikorere yimitungo itimukanwa ihagarariye uburenganzira bwa banyiri imitungo no guteza imbere imyitwarire yumwuga murwego.
Urubuga: Ntibishoboka.
Izi ni ingero nke gusa z'amashyirahamwe akomeye y'inganda muri Liechtenstein; hashobora kubaho abandi mubice bitandukanye. Urubuga rwamashyirahamwe amwe ntashobora kuboneka cyangwa guhinduka. Kumakuru agezweho, birasabwa gushakisha kumurongo cyangwa kugana kurubuga rwa leta.
Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi
Liechtenstein, igihugu gito kidafite inkombe mu Burayi bwo hagati, kizwiho ubukungu bukomeye ndetse n’umuturage winjiza cyane. Nubunini bwayo, Liechtenstein afite ubukungu butandukanye kandi bukomeye butera imbere mubikorwa, serivisi zimari, nubukerarugendo. Dore zimwe mu mbuga zikomeye za Liechtenstein n’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi:
1. Ibiro bishinzwe ubukungu: Urubuga rwemewe rw’ibiro bishinzwe ubukungu rutanga amakuru ku mahirwe y’ubucuruzi, gushimangira ishoramari, amakuru y’isoko, n’amabwiriza muri Liechtenstein.
Urubuga: https://www.liechtenstein-ubucuruzi.li/en/urugo.html
2. Urugereko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Liechtenstein: Urugereko rw’Ubucuruzi ruhagarariye inyungu z’ubucuruzi muri Liechtenstein mu guteza imbere umubano w’ubucuruzi mu gihugu no mu mahanga. Urubuga rwabo rutanga ibikoresho byo kwihangira imirimo, ibikorwa byubucuruzi, amahirwe yo guhuza, na serivisi zabanyamuryango.
Urubuga: https:
3. Amt für Volkswirtschaft (Ibiro bishinzwe Ubukungu): Iri shami rya leta ryibanze ku ngamba z’iterambere ry’ubukungu hagamijwe kuzamura iterambere rirambye mu nganda nka serivisi z’imari, ikoranabuhanga mu nganda, ikoranabuhanga mu buvuzi n’ibindi.
Urubuga: https://www.llv.li/#/11636/amtl-fur-volkswirtschaft-deutsch
4. Imari yo guhanga udushya muri Laboratwari Liechtenstein (FiLab): FiLab ni urubuga ruteza imbere udushya mu nganda z’imari duhuza abashoramari n’abashoramari ndetse n’amasosiyete yashinzwe muri Liechtenstein.
Urubuga: http://lab.financeinnovation.org/
5. Serivisi ishinzwe imyuga ya kaminuza ya Liechtenstein: Iri shami rya kaminuza ritanga amakuru ajyanye n’imyanya y'akazi na pratique iboneka mu nzego zitandukanye muri Liechtenstei, hamwe na serivisi zitanga ubujyanama ku mwuga.
Urubuga: https://www.uni.li/en/studying/umwuga-serivisi
6. Isosiyete ya Hilti ya leta ikora ibikoresho byubwubatsi ku isi kuva ku cyicaro cyayo giherereye i Schaan kuva mu 1941.
Urubuga: https://www.hilti.com/
7. Itsinda rya LGT: Liechtenstein Global Trust (LGT) ni itsinda ry’abikorera ku giti cyabo ku isi no gucunga umutungo ukorera i Vaduz, Liechtenstein. Urubuga rutanga amakuru kuri serivisi zabo nibisubizo byishoramari.
Urubuga: https://www.lgt.com/en/urugo/
Uru rubuga rutanga amakuru yingirakamaro kubucuruzi, abashoramari, nabantu bashishikajwe no gushakisha amahirwe yubukungu muri Liechtenstein. Nibyiza gusura izi mbuga kugirango amakuru agezweho yubukungu bwigihugu nibikorwa bijyanye nubucuruzi.
Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga
Liechtenstein n'igihugu gito kidafite inkombe giherereye mu Burayi, gihana imbibi n'Ubusuwisi mu burengerazuba na Otirishiya mu burasirazuba. Nubwo ari ntoya, Liechtenstein afite ubukungu bwateye imbere cyane yibanda cyane ku mari, inganda, na serivisi. Niba ushaka amakuru yubucuruzi ajyanye na Liechtenstein, dore imbuga zimwe ushobora kwifashisha:
1. Ibiro bishinzwe ibarurishamibare: Ikigo cy’ibarurishamibare cya Liechtenstein gitanga amakuru yuzuye ku bipimo bitandukanye by’ubukungu harimo n’imibare y’ubucuruzi. Urashobora kubona amakuru arambuye kubitumizwa hanze, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, impirimbanyi zubucuruzi, nibindi byinshi kurubuga rwabo.
URL: www.asi.so.llv.li
2. Ishyirahamwe ryinganda muri Liechtenstein: Uyu muryango uhagarariye inganda zitandukanye muri Liechtenstein kandi utanga amakuru ajyanye nibikorwa byubukungu bwigihugu. Bashobora kandi gutanga amakuru ajyanye nubucuruzi binyuze kumurongo wabo wa interineti cyangwa ibitabo.
URL: www.iv.liechtenstein.li
3. Ihuriro rya Banki y'Isi ryuguruye: Ububiko mpuzamahanga bwa Banki y'Isi butuma abayikoresha bakora ubushakashatsi ku bipimo bitandukanye by'ubukungu ku bihugu byo ku isi harimo n'ubucuruzi. Urashobora kubona imibare yo gutumiza no kohereza hanze kuri Liechtenstein hamwe nandi makuru afatika.
URL: https://data.worldbank.org/
4. Ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’ubucuruzi (ITC): ITC n’ikigo gihuriweho n’umuryango w’abibumbye n’umuryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi kigamije guteza imbere iterambere rirambye binyuze mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Urubuga rwabo rutanga amakuru yuzuye kubyerekeranye nubucuruzi bwisi yose harimo imyirondoro yigihugu yihariye nko kohereza / abafatanyabikorwa ba Liechtenstein.
URL: www.intracen.org/
5. Eurostat - Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi: Niba ushishikajwe cyane n’umubano w’ubucuruzi hagati ya Liechtenstein n’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Eurostat itanga imibare yemewe y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi ikubiyemo ibisobanuro by’ingenzi by’abafatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi.
URL: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/
Menya ko kwinjira kurubuga runaka bishobora gusaba abiyandikisha cyangwa kwiyandikisha bitewe nuburebure bwamakuru ushaka gutanga muri aya masoko; byaba byiza rero usuzumye neza izi mbuga kugirango umenye aho ushobora kugera cyangwa kuboneka bijyanye namakuru yubucuruzi yihariye ya Liechtenstein.
B2b
Liechtenstein, nubwo igihugu gito, yateje imbere urubuga rwa B2B ruzwi. Dore ingero nke hamwe na aderesi zabo kurubuga:
1. Huwacard: Huwacard ni urubuga rwa B2B rwa Liechtenstein rwibanda ku ikoranabuhanga ry’imari n’ibisubizo byo kwishyura ku bucuruzi. Urubuga rwabo rushobora kuboneka kuri www.huwacard.li.
2. Udushya twa WAKA: WAKA Guhanga udushya ni ihuriro rishya hamwe na B2B iherereye i Vaduz, Liechtenstein. Batanga serivisi zitandukanye nko guteza imbere ibicuruzwa, kwamamaza, hamwe nubufasha bwubucuruzi kubitangira nibigo bishakisha ubufatanye bushya. Andi makuru yerekeye serivisi zabo urayasanga kuri www.waka-innovation.com.
3. Linkwolf: Linkwolf ni urubuga rwubucuruzi-rwubucuruzi kuri Liechtenstein rutanga amakuru yuzuye kubyerekeye ubucuruzi bwaho mu nganda zitandukanye. Abakoresha barashobora gushakisha ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi byihariye hanyuma bagahuza nabashobora gutanga cyangwa abafatanyabikorwa binyuze muri sisitemu yohereza ubutumwa. Kugirango umenye ububiko butangwa na Linkwolf, sura kuri www.linkwolf.li.
4 Ibisobanuro birambuye kubyerekeye serivisi zabo murashobora kubisanga kuri www.lgtnexus.com.
Nyamuneka menya ko mugihe iyi platform ikorera muri Liechtenstein cyangwa ifite aho ihari, barashobora no gukorera abakiriya hanze yigihugu.