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Incamake y'igihugu
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Iterambere ryisoko
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Basabwe ibikoresho
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubufaransa, buzwi ku izina rya Repubulika y’Ubufaransa, ni igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bw’iburengerazuba. Igabana imbibi n’ibihugu byinshi birimo Ububiligi, Luxembourg, Ubudage, Ubusuwisi, Ubutaliyani na Espanye. Ubufaransa buzwiho amateka akomeye, umuco ndetse nu guteka. Hatuwe n’abaturage barenga miliyoni 67, Ubufaransa nicyo gihugu cya kabiri gituwe cyane mu Burayi nyuma y’Ubudage. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni Paris urimo ibyiza nyaburanga nka umunara wa Eiffel na Katedrali ya Notre-Dame. Ubufaransa buzwiho imiterere itandukanye itandukanye kuva ku nkombe nziza zo ku nkombe za Riviera y’Abafaransa kugeza mu cyaro cyiza cyane cyuzuyemo imizabibu n'ibihome. Iki gihugu kandi gifite imisozi itangaje nka Alpes yo mu Bufaransa na Pyrenees. Nka bumwe mu bukungu bukomeye ku isi, Ubufaransa bufite inganda zateye imbere cyane zirimo ikirere, inganda z’imodoka, imiti n’imyambarire. Ninumwe mubakora ubuhinzi bunini mu Burayi. Umuco ugira uruhare runini muri societe yubufaransa hamwe nubuhanzi buhabwa agaciro cyane muburyo butandukanye nko gushushanya (abahanzi bazwi nka Claude Monet), ubuvanganzo (abanditsi bazwi nka Victor Hugo) na cinema (abayobozi bo ku rwego rwisi nka François Truffaut). Ururimi rwigifaransa rufite uruhare runini kwisi yose kubera gukoreshwa kwisi yose. Gastronomie y'Ubufaransa ifite izina ryubahwa kwisi yose kubera ibyokurya byiza byayo birimo ibiryo nka escargots (snail), foie gras (umwijima w'umwijima) na croissants. Umusaruro wa divayi uturuka mu turere nka Bordeaux na Burgundy wizihizwa ku isi yose kubera itangwa ryiza. Ubufaransa bugira uruhare rukomeye muri politiki haba mu Burayi ndetse no ku mbuga mpuzamahanga kuko bugira uruhare runini mu nzego nk'Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU) n’umuryango w’abibumbye (UN). Byongeye kandi, ifite imwe mu ngabo zikomeye ku isi. Mu gusoza, Ubufaransa bugaragara mu mateka akomeye, akamaro k’umuco hamwe n’imiterere nyaburanga bituma iba imwe mu bukerarugendo bwa mbere ku isi ku isi kandi ikagira uruhare runini mu bukungu ku nzego zitandukanye zigira uruhare mu iterambere ry’isi.

Ubufaransa ni umunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kandi ifaranga ryayo ni Euro (€). Amayero, agereranwa nikimenyetso €, yemerwa mu turere twose tw’Ubufaransa. Yasimbuye amafaranga y’igifaransa nkifaranga ryemewe mu 2002 ubwo Ubufaransa bwakoreshaga amayero. Nkumunyamuryango wa Eurozone, Ubufaransa bukurikiza politiki imwe y’ifaranga hamwe n’abandi bagize iri shyirahamwe ry’ubukungu n’amafaranga. Ibi bivuze ko ibyemezo bijyanye n’inyungu n’itangwa ry’amafaranga bifatwa na Banki Nkuru y’Uburayi (ECB), igamije gukomeza ihungabana ry’ibiciro muri Eurozone. Inoti zo mu Bufaransa ziza mu madini atandukanye: € 5, € 10, € 20, € 50, € 100, € 200, na 500. Buri dini rifite igishushanyo cyihariye kirimo abantu bazwi kuva amateka cyangwa ubuhanzi. Ikarita y'inguzanyo nka Visa na Mastercard yemerwa cyane mu Bufaransa mu bigo byinshi birimo resitora, amahoteri, amaduka, na supermarket. Uburyo bwo kwishyura butishyurwa nka porogaramu yo kwishura kuri terefone buragenda bukundwa cyane. Nubwo ari ngombwa kumenya ko amakarita yo kubikuza cyangwa inguzanyo akoreshwa cyane mu bucuruzi mu mijyi minini cyangwa mu bukerarugendo mu Bufaransa; icyakora burigihe nibyiza ko ugira amafaranga mukiguzi gito cyangwa ahantu kwishyura amakarita bidashoboka. Amafaranga y’amahanga arashobora kuvunja muri banki hamwe n’ibiro byemewe by’ivunjisha biherereye mu mijyi minini. ATM irashobora kandi kuboneka henshi mubufaransa aho ushobora gukuramo ama euro ukoresheje ikarita yawe yo kubikuza cyangwa ikarita yinguzanyo hamwe nibisabwa bitewe na politiki ya banki yawe. Muri rusange, iyo usuye Ubufaransa ni ngombwa gutekereza kumenyera igipimo cy’ivunjisha muri iki gihe niba uteganya gukoresha amafaranga y’amafaranga cyangwa ukareba neza kumenyesha banki yawe amatariki y’urugendo rwawe kugirango badahagarika ibikorwa byimari mugihe bari mumahanga.

Isoko ryemewe mu Bufaransa ni Euro (Euro). Dore bimwe mubiciro byivunjisha byerekana amafaranga akomeye kwisi arwanya amayero: - Igipimo cy’amadolari ya Amerika / Igipimo cy’ivunjisha: hafi 1 US $ kugeza 0.83 euro. - Igipimo cya Sterling / Euro: hafi pound 1 kuri 1.16 euro. - Igipimo cy'ivunjisha ry'amafaranga (Amafaranga) ugereranije na Euro: hafi 1 y'amafaranga 0.13 euro. - Ikiyapani yen (Yen Yen) kugeza igipimo cyivunjisha: hafi yen 100 kugeza 0.82 euro. Nyamuneka menya ko iyi mibare ari inzira igoye gusa kandi igipimo cy’ivunjisha gifatika bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’isoko hamwe n’ubukungu. Birasabwa kugenzura amakuru yanyuma yivunjisha mbere yo gukora ubucuruzi bwihariye.

Ubufaransa nigihugu kizwiho umurage ndangamuco ukungahaye no kwizihiza bikomeye. Dore iminsi mikuru ikomeye yizihizwa mubufaransa: 1. Umunsi wa Bastille: Uzwi kandi ku izina rya "Fête Nationale" cyangwa Umunsi w’igihugu, wizihizwa ku ya 14 Nyakanga buri mwaka mu rwego rwo kwibuka inkubi y'umuyaga muri gereza ya Bastille mu 1789, ari na yo yatangiriye Impinduramatwara y'Abafaransa. Umunsi urangwa na parade nini, kwerekana fireworks, nibirori byo kwizihiza mugihugu hose. 2. Noheri: Kimwe n'ibindi bihugu byinshi ku isi, Ubufaransa bwizihiza Noheri ku ya 25 Ukuboza buri mwaka. Nigihe cyimiryango yo guhurira hamwe no guhana impano mugihe twishimira ibiryo biryoshye birimo ibiryo gakondo nka turukiya ikaranze cyangwa ingagi. 3. Pasika: Imigenzo ya pasika mubufaransa iratandukanye bitewe n'uturere, ariko muri rusange harimo guhuza imihango y'idini n'ibikorwa bishimishije nko guhiga amagi no guterera amagi kumusozi. Amafunguro adasanzwe arategurwa muriki gihe, harimo ibiryo byintama. 4. Umunsi Mushya Muhire: Tariki ya 1 Mutarama ni umunsi mukuru w'ingenzi mu Bufaransa mu gihe abantu basezera mu mwaka ushize kandi bakakira bundi bushya bafite ibirori bishimishije (bizwi ku izina rya "Réveillon de la Saint-Sylvestre"). Ibirori byateguwe munzu cyangwa mu bibuga rusange aho abantu baririmba indirimbo, kubyina, guhana ibyifuzo byamahirwe ("Bonne Année!"), Kandi bishimira kwerekana imiriro idasanzwe mu gicuku. 5. Umunsi wa Gicurasi: Ku ya 1 Gicurasi buri mwaka, Ubufaransa bwizihiza umunsi w'abakozi ("Fête du Travail"). Numunsi wahariwe uburenganzira bwabakozi n’amashyirahamwe ategura parade mumijyi minini ikemura ibibazo bitandukanye byimibereho. 6. Umunsi w'abatagatifu bose: Wizihijwe ku ya 1 Ugushyingo, Umunsi w'abatagatifu bose ("La Toussaint") wubaha abera bose bazwi cyangwa batazwi n'abagatolika ku isi. Imiryango isura amarimbi kugirango yunamire ababo bapfuye bashyira indabyo ku mva zabo. Iyi ni mike muminsi mikuru ikomeye yizihizwa mubufaransa. Buri gihe muri ibi bihe gitanga ubushishozi budasanzwe mumico, imigenzo, namateka yubufaransa mugihe bitanga amahirwe yo kwizihiza umuganda no gutekereza.

Ubufaransa ni bumwe mu bukungu bunini mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kandi bugira uruhare runini mu bucuruzi bw’isi. Igihugu gifite inganda zitandukanye, zigira uruhare runini mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ubufaransa buzwiho inganda zizwi cyane mu bucuruzi, harimo imideri, parufe, no kwisiga. Ibirango byigifaransa nka Louis Vuitton na Chanel bizwi kwisi yose. Igihugu kandi gifite indashyikirwa mu nzego nko mu kirere, gukora amamodoka (Renault na Peugeot), imiti (Sanofi), no gutunganya ibiribwa. Ku bijyanye n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, Ubufaransa buri gihe bugumana uburinganire bwiza mu bucuruzi. Ibicuruzwa byayo byoherezwa mu mahanga birimo imashini n'ibikoresho, indege, imodoka (imodoka), imiti, imiti, ibikomoka ku buhinzi (vino & spirt), n'ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki. Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’umufatanyabikorwa w’ibanze w’Ubufaransa kubera kuba umunyamuryango w’isoko rimwe ry’Uburayi. Ubudage nicyo gitumiza ibicuruzwa byinshi mu Bufaransa bikurikirwa na Espagne n'Ubutaliyani. Hanze y’Uburayi, Amerika igira uruhare runini nkumufatanyabikorwa wubucuruzi n’ibicuruzwa biva mu Bufaransa. Nyamara, Ubufaransa nabwo buhura n’ibibazo bimwe na bimwe nko guhatanira ubukungu bugenda buzamuka nk’Ubushinwa mu nganda zikora inganda. Icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyagize ingaruka ku bucuruzi ku isi bituma igabanuka ry’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu nganda zimwe na zimwe zirimo ubukerarugendo. Nubwo hari ibibazo, Ubufaransa bukomeje kuba umukinnyi ukomeye ufite ubukungu butandukanye butandukanye bujyanye n’imihindagurikire y’isoko neza.

Ubufaransa bufite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Nka bumwe mu bukungu bunini mu Burayi, Ubufaransa butanga ibidukikije byiza byo kwagura ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ubwa mbere, Ubufaransa buherereye muburayi bwiburengerazuba, bukora nk'irembo ryandi masoko yuburayi. Ibikorwa remezo byubwikorezi byateye imbere hamwe numuyoboro mugari wibibuga byindege mpuzamahanga n’ibyambu bituma iba ahantu heza ku masosiyete y’amahanga ashaka gushinga umwanya mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Icya kabiri, Ubufaransa bufite abakozi bafite ubumenyi buhanitse kandi bize. Hibandwa cyane ku mashuri makuru n’amahugurwa y’imyuga, igihugu gitanga impano mu nzego zitandukanye zirimo ikoranabuhanga, inganda, imideli, ibicuruzwa byiza, na serivisi. Izi mbaraga zabakozi zifite ubuhanga zifasha ubucuruzi kubona ubumenyi buhanitse no guhanga udushya. Icya gatatu, Ubufaransa bufite inganda zitandukanye zitanga amahirwe yo kohereza hanze. Azwi cyane mubikorwa byimyambarire hamwe nibirango nka Chanel na Louis Vuitton uyobora isoko ryisi. Igihugu kandi cyitwaye neza mu gukora ibinyabiziga bifite ibicuruzwa bizwi nka Renault na Peugeot bizwi ku isi. Byongeye kandi, Ubufaransa bufite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukora ubuhinzi harimo n’umuvinyu wishimira isi yose. Byongeye kandi, Ubufaransa bushyira ingufu cyane mubikorwa byubushakashatsi niterambere (R&D) biteza imbere udushya munganda nkikoranabuhanga ryindege (Airbus), imiti (Sanofi), ingufu (EDF), nibindi. Uku kwitangira R&D itanga iterambere ryiterambere ryikoranabuhanga rikurura ubufatanye nibigo mpuzamahanga bishakira ibisubizo bigezweho. Icya nyuma, ibigo by’Ubufaransa biteza imbere kwihangira imirimo binyuze muri gahunda zita ku nkunga ishishikariza abatangiye gutera imbere mu nzego zinyuranye nka tekinoroji y’ingufu zisukuye cyangwa serivisi zo guhindura imibare bikomeza kugira uruhare mu kuzamura ubukungu. Mu gusoza, amahirwe yo guteza imbere amasoko y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga mu Bufaransa ni menshi kubera aho aherereye mu Burayi hamwe n’ibikorwa remezo byiza, ikirere cyiza cy’ubucuruzi, inganda zikomeye, abakozi, ndetse n’ubwitange kuri R & D. Amahirwe menshi ategereje ubucuruzi bwiga kuri ubu bukungu butera imbere. .

Ku bijyanye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bizwi cyane mu bucuruzi bw’amahanga mu Bufaransa, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibyifuzo n'ibisabwa ku isoko ry’Ubufaransa. Hano hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe ugomba gusuzuma muguhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye: 1. Ibyerekeye umuco: Abaguzi b’Abafaransa bashima ibicuruzwa byerekana imico yabo gakondo. Tekereza gutanga ibintu nka vino yujuje ubuziranenge, ibikoresho by'imyambarire ihebuje, ibiribwa bya gourmet (nka foromaje na shokora), n'ubukorikori budasanzwe bwakozwe n'intoki. 2. Imyambarire n'ubwiza: Ubufaransa buzwi kwisi yose kubera inganda zimyambarire. Shyira imbere imyambarire yimyambarire, ibikoresho nkibikapu ninkweto, kwisiga, ibicuruzwa bivura uruhu, parufe, n imitako mugihe urebye imigendekere igenda ihinduka yiganje muri societe yubufaransa. 3. Ikoranabuhanga: Isoko ryUbufaransa rikeneye cyane ikoranabuhanga rishya. Wibande kuri elegitoroniki (terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa), ibikoresho byo mu rugo byubwenge (sisitemu yo gukoresha urugo), ibikoresho byikoranabuhanga byambarwa (fitness trackers), ibikoresho byangiza ibidukikije (ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu), hamwe nikoranabuhanga rirambye. 4 cyangwa allergie. 5. Ibicuruzwa birambye: Hamwe nibibazo by’ibidukikije bimaze kumenyekana ku isi hose, harimo no mu Bufaransa, shyira imbere ubundi buryo bwangiza ibidukikije nkibicuruzwa byangiza ibidukikije / ibikoresho byoza ibikoresho / ibikoresho byo gupakira / ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku bimera byita ku bimera / ibirango byerekana imyambarire / ibikoresho bikoresha izuba / ibikinisho bikozwe mu bikoresho bitunganijwe neza. 6. Ibicuruzwa bihenze: Wandike ku ishyirahamwe ry’Ubufaransa hamwe n’ibirango bihebuje utanga ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru nk'imyenda ishushanya / imifuka / amasaha / imitako / champagne / imyuka / ibinyabiziga bihenze / ibihangano / uburambe bw’ingendo bwihariye bujyanye n’abakiriya bakize bashaka uburambe budasanzwe. 7. Ibicuruzwa bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo: Nka kimwe mu bihugu bisurwa cyane ku isi; kubyaza umusaruro ubukerarugendo utanga urwibutso rugaragaza ibimenyetso nyaburanga / amateka azwi / amateka gakondo / ibimenyetso gakondo / ibiranga uturere dutandukanye mu Bufaransa. 8. Gucuruza kumurongo: Hamwe no kuzamuka kwa e-ubucuruzi, tekereza gutanga ibicuruzwa bizwi kumasoko ya digitale. Ibi birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imideri, ibicuruzwa byiza, ibikoresho byo murugo, nibicuruzwa byihariye bifite interineti ikomeye. Wibuke gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku isoko no kugisha inama impuguke zaho kugirango urangize ingamba zo guhitamo ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku guhindura ibyo abaguzi bakunda ndetse n’ibigenda ku isoko ry’Ubufaransa.

Ibiranga abakiriya mu Bufaransa: Ubufaransa buzwiho ibiranga abakiriya bidasanzwe byatewe numuco gakondo n'amateka. Gusobanukirwa iyi mico birashobora gufasha ubucuruzi gutanga serivisi nziza kubakiriya babo b'Abafaransa. 1. Ikinyabupfura: Abakiriya b'Abafaransa bashima ikinyabupfura n'imikorere. Buri gihe ubasuhuze ubupfura "Bonjour" cyangwa "Bonsoir" (Goodmorning / nimugoroba) mbere yo kwishora mubiganiro ibyo aribyo byose. 2. Ishema mu rurimi: Abafaransa bishimira ururimi rwabo, ni ngombwa rero kugerageza kuvuga byibuze interuro nke zifatizo zigifaransa. Nubwo imvugo yawe idatunganye, imbaraga zizashimirwa. 3. Kwihangana: Abakiriya b'Abafaransa baha agaciro umwanya kandi bategereje serivisi byihuse ariko kandi bafite ishimwe ryiza kurenza umuvuduko. Ihangane mugihe ubakorera kandi utange amakuru arambuye kubyerekeye ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi bashobora gusaba. 4. Kwitondera Ibisobanuro: Kwitondera amakuru arambuye ni ngombwa mugihe ukorera abakiriya b'Abafaransa kuko bashima neza kandi neza, cyane cyane kubijyanye ninyandiko cyangwa amasezerano. 5. Ubusanzwe mubikorwa byubucuruzi: Menya ubuhanga mugihe cyo gucuruza nabakiriya b’abafaransa wambara neza kandi ugakomeza ubunyangamugayo muri gahunda zose. Kirazira / Imyitozo itari yo: 1. Kwubahiriza igihe: Gutinda mu nama cyangwa kubonana bifatwa nk'agasuzuguro mu Bufaransa kuko kubahiriza igihe bifite akamaro kanini ku Bafaransa; rero, burigihe uharanire kugera mugihe. 2. Kumenyera cyane: Irinde gukoresha amazina yambere keretse utumiwe nabakiriya ubwabo nko kuvugana numuntu bidasanzwe birashobora kugaragara nkumwuga kandi bidakwiye muburyo bwambere. 3. Kubura Umwanya Wihariye / Imipaka: Umwanya wumuntu ku giti cye ugomba guhora wubahwa; irinde guhuza umubiri bitari ngombwa nko guhobera cyangwa gusomana ku matama keretse wakiriwe neza nundi muburanyi nyuma yo kugirana umubano mwiza mugihe. 4.Gusuzugura amahame ndangamuco: Witondere kutubahiriza amahame yumuco nko kuvuga cyane ahantu hahurira abantu benshi, guhekenya amenyo cyane, cyangwa kurenga ku myambarire mugihe witabira ibirori / inama zubucuruzi. 5. Gushimira Byatoranijwe: Abafaransa bashima ishimwe ryukuri, ariko gushimisha birenze urugero cyangwa kutaryarya bishobora gusobanurwa nka manipulation. Kubwibyo, gushimwa bigomba kuba bivuye ku mutima kandi bigarukira ku miterere ikwiye. Gusobanukirwa ibiranga abakiriya no kwirinda kirazira zishobora gufasha ubucuruzi gushiraho umubano mwiza nabakiriya babo b'Abafaransa, biganisha ku kunezeza abakiriya no gutsinda ku isoko ry’Ubufaransa.

Ubufaransa bufite uburyo bunoze bwo gucunga gasutamo bugamije kugenzura ibicuruzwa n’abantu binjira mu gihugu no hanze yacyo. Ubuyobozi bukuru bushinzwe kubahiriza gasutamo mu Bufaransa bwitwa "La Direction Générale des Douanes et Droits Indirects" (Ubuyobozi bukuru bwa gasutamo n’imisoro itaziguye). Kugirango binjire cyangwa bave mu Bufaransa, abagenzi basabwa kunyura ku mipaka ikorwa n'abashinzwe za gasutamo. Aba bapolisi bagenzura ibyangombwa byinzira nka pasiporo cyangwa amakarita ndangamuntu. Bagenzura kandi niba abantu bitwaje ibintu bibujijwe cyangwa bibujijwe, nk'intwaro, ibiyobyabwenge, cyangwa ibicuruzwa bitemewe. Ku bijyanye no gutumiza ibicuruzwa mu Bufaransa, amategeko n'amabwiriza amwe agomba gukurikizwa. Kurugero, abagenzi bemerewe kwinjira nta musoro kubintu byabo nkimyenda na elegitoroniki mugihe runaka. Nyamara, ibicuruzwa byihariye nkitabi ninzoga birashobora kugira imbogamizi kumubare ushobora kuzanwa utishyuye imisoro yinyongera. Ni ngombwa ko abagenzi batangaza ibicuruzwa byose bazanye nabo bageze mubufaransa. Kutabikora birashobora kuvamo ibihano cyangwa kwamburwa ibintu bibujijwe. Abagenzi bagomba kandi kumenya amategeko yihariye ajyanye no kumenyekanisha ifaranga iyo binjiye cyangwa bava mu gihugu. Byongeye kandi, hari imbogamizi zo kuzana ibikomoka ku buhinzi mu Bufaransa kubera ingaruka zishobora gutera indwara z’udukoko n’udukoko. Imbuto nshya, imboga, ibikomoka ku nyama, ibikomoka ku mata bikenera ibyangombwa byerekana ko byubahiriza ibipimo byubuzima. Muri rusange, ni ngombwa ko abantu bajya mu Bufaransa bamenyera amabwiriza ya gasutamo mbere kugira ngo birinde ingorane iyo ari yo yose yambuka imipaka. Kumenya ibishobora kwinjizwa mu gihugu nta musoro bigabanya ibibazo byose bishobora guterwa n'abayobozi b'Abafaransa mu gihe cyo kugenzura gasutamo

Politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe mu Bufaransa igamije kugenzura no gucunga ibicuruzwa byinjira mu gihugu bivuye ku masoko yo hanze. Guverinoma ishyiraho amahoro ya gasutamo ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga mu rwego rwo kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu, guharanira ko habaho ipiganwa ryiza, no kwinjiza amafaranga mu isanduku y’igihugu. Igipimo cy’amahoro yatumijwe mu Bufaransa kiratandukanye bitewe n’ibicuruzwa n’ibihugu bikomokamo. Ibi biciro bigenwa n’amabwiriza y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, amasezerano y’ibihugu byombi, cyangwa ibyemezo bimwe bifatwa n’abayobozi b’Ubufaransa. Ibicuruzwa bimwe bishobora kwishimira cyane amasezerano yubucuruzi cyangwa niba bitumizwa mubihugu bimwe bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere. Muri rusange, ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bigira uruhare mu nzego z’ingamba z’Ubufaransa, nk'ubuhinzi cyangwa ikoranabuhanga, birashobora guhanishwa amahoro menshi kugira ngo bigabanye amarushanwa yo mu mahanga no guteza imbere inganda zaho. Ikigamijwe ni ukurinda imirimo yaho no gukomeza kugenzura inzego zingenzi zubukungu. Usibye imisoro isanzwe ya gasutamo, Ubufaransa bukoresha kandi umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) ku bicuruzwa byinshi bitumizwa mu mahanga ku gipimo gisanzwe (kuri ubu 20%). Umusoro ku nyongeragaciro ukusanywa kuri buri cyiciro cyo kugabura kugeza ugeze ku baguzi ba nyuma. Nyamara, bimwe bidasanzwe bibaho kubintu byihariye nkibiribwa cyangwa ibikoresho byubuvuzi bihura nigabanuka rya TVA. Byongeye kandi, amafaranga yinyongera arashobora gukoreshwa ukurikije ibihe byihariye. Ibi bishobora kubamo imisoro yo kurwanya ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga iyo ibicuruzwa by’amahanga bigurishijwe mu Bufaransa munsi y’agaciro keza k’isoko cyangwa imisoro yo kurwanya ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga byungukirwa n’inkunga idakwiye. Kugira ngo hubahirizwe amategeko mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi mu gihe arengera inyungu z’imbere mu gihugu, Ubufaransa bwashyize mu bikorwa ingamba z’ubucuruzi zirimo ingamba zo kurinda no gutanga imisoro yo kwihorera ku bikorwa bikekwa ko bidakwiye bikorwa n’abafatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi. Izi ngamba zigamije gukosora ubusumbane bugaragara mu mibanire y’ubucuruzi mu gihe hubahirizwa amahame akwiye yo guhatanira. Ni ngombwa ko ubucuruzi bwinjiza ibicuruzwa mu Bufaransa bwumva neza politiki y’imisoro bihagije kugira ngo bashobore gusuzuma neza ibiciro kandi bakomeze kubahiriza ibisabwa n'amategeko.

Ubufaransa bufite politiki y’imisoro ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bizwi ku izina ry’inyongeragaciro (TVA) cyangwa Taxe sur la Valeur Ajoutée (TVA) mu gifaransa. Umusoro ku nyongeragaciro ni umusoro ku byaguzwe ushyirwa ku bicuruzwa na serivisi byinshi mu Bufaransa, harimo ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Ku bijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bufaransa, ihame rusange ni uko ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bisonewe TVA. Ibi bivuze ko abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze batagomba kwishyuza umusoro ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Iyi politiki igamije guteza imbere ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga no gushishikariza ubucuruzi bw’Abafaransa kwishora ku masoko yo hanze. Ariko, hariho amategeko yihariye agomba gukurikizwa kugirango asonewe: 1. Inyandiko: Abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba gutanga ibyangombwa nibimenyetso byerekana ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, nka fagitire, imenyekanisha rya gasutamo, hamwe n’icyemezo cyo kohereza hanze y’Ubufaransa. 2. Icyerekezo hanze y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi: Ubusanzwe ubusonerwe bukurikizwa gusa iyo ibicuruzwa bigenewe ahantu hanze y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU). Niba aho ugana uri mubindi bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi cyangwa utundi turere nka Gibraltar cyangwa Ibirwa bya Islande, amategeko atandukanye arashobora gukurikizwa. 3. Igihe ntarengwa cyo gusaba umusoro ku nyongeragaciro: Mu Bufaransa, abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bakeneye gukurikiza igihe cyihariye cyo gukoresha neza imisoro ku nyongeragaciro hashingiwe ku bihe bitandukanye nko kohereza mu mahanga cyangwa ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bitari mu bihugu by’Uburayi. 4. Imipaka yo gusonerwa: Ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe birashobora gusoreshwa imisoro idasanzwe cyangwa kubuzwa nubwo byoherezwa hanze. Ibi birashobora kubamo imisoro ku bicuruzwa byinzoga nibitabi cyangwa amabwiriza ajyanye nibintu ndangamurage ndangamuco. Birasabwa ko abashoramari bashaka amakuru arambuye kuri politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga y’Ubufaransa bagisha inama abashinzwe ibaruramari bamenyereye amategeko mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi kugira ngo hubahirizwe ibisabwa n'amategeko mu gihe cyohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bufaransa.

Ubufaransa buzwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga kubera ibicuruzwa na serivisi byujuje ubuziranenge, bukaba bumwe mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze ku isi. Kugira ngo izina ryayo rigumane izina, guverinoma y’Ubufaransa yashyize mu bikorwa inzira ihamye yo kwemeza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Ubuyobozi bukuru bushinzwe kwemeza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu Bufaransa ni Minisiteri y’Ubukungu n’Imari y’Ubufaransa. Iyi minisiteri igenzura inzego n’imiryango itandukanye byemeza kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga. Gahunda yo gutanga ibyemezo ikubiyemo intambwe nyinshi: 1. Kugenzura ibicuruzwa: Mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, ibicuruzwa bigomba kugenzurwa neza kugirango bigenzure ubuziranenge bwabyo, umutekano, kandi bihuye n’amabwiriza akurikizwa. Ubugenzuzi bushobora gukorwa n’imiryango y’abandi yemewe cyangwa n’ishami ryihariye riri mu buyobozi bw’Ubufaransa. 2. Kubahiriza Ibipimo: Ubufaransa bwubahiriza ibipimo by’igihugu ndetse n’amahanga ku bijyanye n’ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa, ubuzima, umutekano, kurengera ibidukikije, ibisabwa kugira ngo byandike, n'ibindi. Abasohoka mu mahanga bagomba kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byabo byujuje ubuziranenge bwose mbere yuko byemezwa. 3. Inyandiko: Abashora ibicuruzwa hanze basabwa gutanga ibyangombwa byihariye bijyanye nibicuruzwa byabo nka fagitire, urutonde rwabapakira, ibyemezo byinkomoko (kwerekana aho ibicuruzwa biva), impapuro zerekana imenyekanisha rya gasutamo (kubahiriza inzira za gasutamo), nibindi byangombwa bikenewe. . 4. Icyemezo cyamatungo: Kubicuruzwa bikomoka ku nyamaswa nkinyama cyangwa ibikomoka ku mata byoherejwe mu Bufaransa, hashobora gukenerwa izindi mpamyabumenyi n’ubuyobozi bw’amatungo zemeza ko amabwiriza y’ubuzima n’ingamba z’isuku byubahirizwa. 5. Kurinda Umutungo bwite mu by'ubwenge: Mu nganda zimwe na zimwe nk'imyambarire cyangwa ibicuruzwa bihenze aho uburenganzira ku mutungo bwite mu by'ubwenge bugira uruhare runini mu guhangana mu bucuruzi; abatumiza mu mahanga nabo bagomba gutekereza kwandikisha ibicuruzwa cyangwa amasezerano yo gutanga uruhushya mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze mumahanga. Igenzura ryose rikenewe rirangiye neza kandi ibyangombwa byose bisabwa bibonetse kandi byemejwe ninzego zibishinzwe mubufaransa nkabakozi ba gasutamo cyangwa ibigo byubucuruzi nka Business France; abohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga barashobora gusaba icyemezo cyemewe kivuga ko ibicuruzwa byabo byubahiriza amabwiriza yose akenewe abemerera kohereza ibicuruzwa byabo mu Bufaransa mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko ku isi yose mu gihe bungukirwa na gahunda zishyigikira leta zigamije guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu Bufaransa ku isi. Mu gusoza, Gahunda yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu Bufaransa yemeza ko ibicuruzwa biva mu gihugu byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga. Iki cyemezo ntigikomeza kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa by’Ubufaransa gusa ahubwo binashimangira abaguzi kunyurwa n’umutekano ku isoko ry’isi.

Ubufaransa bufite imiyoboro yateye imbere kandi ikora neza, bituma ihitamo neza kubucuruzi bushaka kwagura ibikorwa byabo muburayi. Dore bimwe mubyifuzo bijyanye n'ibikoresho mubufaransa: 1. Ibikorwa Remezo: Ubufaransa bufite ibikorwa remezo bigezweho kandi binini. Igihugu gifite umuyoboro munini w’imihanda minini, gari ya moshi, ibibuga by’indege, n’ibyambu bituma ibicuruzwa bigenda neza mu gihugu no ku masoko mpuzamahanga. 2. Ibyambu: Ubufaransa bufite ibyambu byinshi binini biherereye ku nyanja ya Atalantika (Le Havre), Umuyoboro w’icyongereza (Dunkirk), n’inyanja ya Mediterane (Marseille). Ibyo byambu bikora urujya n'uruza rw'imizigo kandi bitanga uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza inzira z'ubucuruzi ku isi. 3. Ibibuga byindege: Ikibuga cy’indege cya Paris Charles de Gaulle ni kimwe mu bibuga by’indege by’Uburayi kandi kikaba ari ihuriro rikuru ry’ubwikorezi bw’imizigo mu karere. Ikibuga cy'indege cya Lyon-Saint Exupéry nacyo ni ingenzi haba mu ngendo zitwara abagenzi no gutwara ibintu. 4. Gariyamoshi: Sisitemu ya gari ya moshi y'Ubufaransa izwiho gukora neza, ihuza imijyi itandukanye yo mu Bufaransa ndetse ikanatanga amasano meza mu bihugu duturanye nk'Ubudage, Espagne, Ubutaliyani, Ububiligi, Ubusuwisi, n'ibindi. 5. Ubwikorezi bwo mu muhanda: Ubufaransa bufite umuyoboro mugari ugizwe n'imihanda minini (autoroutes) itanga umurongo uhuza igihugu cyose. Imizigo yo mu muhanda igira uruhare runini mu gutwara ibicuruzwa mu gihugu hose. 6 7.E-ubucuruzi Logistics: Hamwe na e-ubucuruzi bugenda bwiyongera kwisi yose, amasosiyete y’ibikoresho yo mu Bufaransa yibanda ku gutanga ibisubizo byihariye nka serivisi zo gutanga ibirometero byanyuma hamwe nuburyo bworoshye nko gutanga umunsi umwe cyangwa umunsi ukurikira.Ubufaransa bwabonye iterambere ryinshi muri e- ibikorwa byubucuruzi, biva mubikorwa bishya byikoranabuhanga biterwa no guhaha 8.Ibikoresho bya Logistique: Imijyi ya Paris, Lyon, Marseille, Bordeaux, Lille, Toulouse n'ibindi byagaragaye ko ari ihuriro rikuru ry’ibikoresho, ryita ku micungire y’imicungire y’ibicuruzwa n’ibicuruzwa, bifitiye akamaro ubucuruzi bushaka kugera ku isoko ry’Ubufaransa. Mu gusoza, Ubufaransa butanga ibikorwa remezo byateye imbere cyane birimo ibyambu bihujwe neza, ibibuga byindege, gari ya moshi, hamwe n’imihanda. Hamwe n’abatanga ibikoresho byinshi kandi bashizeho ihuriro ry’ibikoresho hirya no hino mu gihugu, Ubufaransa n’ahantu heza h’ubucuruzi bushakisha ibisubizo by’ubwikorezi butagira ingano no gucunga neza amasoko.

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Ubufaransa ni ahantu heza cyane kubaguzi mpuzamahanga bakomeye kubera ubukungu butandukanye kandi bukomeye. Igihugu gitanga inzira nyinshi zo guteza imbere amasoko mpuzamahanga kandi cyakira imurikagurisha rikomeye. Imwe mu nzego zingenzi mu Bufaransa ni icyogajuru hamwe n’ingabo. Iki gihugu gifite ibigo bizwi nka Airbus, Dassault Aviation, na Safran, bikurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka ubufatanye cyangwa amahirwe yo gutanga amasoko. Izi sosiyete zikunze kwitabira imurikagurisha rikomeye nka Paris Air Show (Salon International de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace), ibera mu myaka ibiri ku Kibuga cy’indege cya Le Bourget hafi ya Paris. Iri murika ritanga urubuga rwabakinyi binganda kwisi kwerekana ibicuruzwa byabo, gushiraho umubano nabaguzi bashobora kugura, no gucukumbura amahirwe mashya yubucuruzi. Undi murenge ukomeye mubufaransa nibicuruzwa byiza kandi bigezweho. Ibirangantego bizwi nka Louis Vuitton, Chanel, na L'Oreal bituma Ubufaransa bukundwa n’abaguzi mpuzamahanga bashishikajwe n’inganda. Umujyi wa Paris uhora wakira ibirori byimyambarire nkicyumweru cyimyambarire ya Paris, aho abashushanya berekana ibyegeranyo byabo biheruka kubateze amatwi bigizwe nabaguzi bakomeye baturutse kwisi. Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga nazo zigira uruhare runini mu bukungu bw’Ubufaransa. Itsinda Renault na PSA (Peugeot-Citroen) n’abakora amamodoka akomeye y’Abafaransa akurura abaguzi ku isi bashishikajwe no gufatanya cyangwa gushakira ibicuruzwa muri uru rwego. Abakora amamodoka mpuzamahanga bakunze kwitabira Mondial de l'Automobile (Paris Motor Show), iba buri myaka ibiri muri Porte de Versailles imurikagurisha i Paris. Ibi birori bizwi byerekana imiterere mishya, udushya, niterambere ryikoranabuhanga mubikorwa byimodoka kubashobora kuba abakiriya. Byongeye kandi, Ubufaransa bwitwaye neza mu buhanga butandukanye bugezweho nk'ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho (IT), ibikoresho by'itumanaho, sisitemu y'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, imiti / ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi & serivisi. Isosiyete ifitanye isano n’inganda irashobora kubona abafatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi bw’Abafaransa cyangwa bakitabira imurikagurisha ry’ubucuruzi ryabereye mu gihugu hose. Usibye ibyabaye byumurenge byavuzwe haruguru; hari imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rizwi cyane mubufaransa rikubiyemo inganda zitandukanye. Ingero zimwe zigaragara zirimo imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubuhinzi rya Paris, iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Cannes, SIAL Paris (imurikagurisha rinini ku isi mu guhanga udushya), na Euronaval (imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’amato n’imurikagurisha). Mu gusoza, Ubufaransa butanga inzira zinyuranye kandi zingenzi zitanga amasoko binyuze mu nzego zikomeye z’ubukungu nko mu kirere n’ingabo, ibicuruzwa bihenze n’imyambarire, inganda z’imodoka, ibikoresho bya IT & itumanaho, sisitemu y’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, imiti / serivisi zita ku buzima. Igihugu cyakira imurikagurisha rikomeye nka Paris Air Show, Icyumweru cy’imyambarire ya Paris, Mondial de l'Automobile n’ibindi bikurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga bakomeye bashaka amahirwe y’ubucuruzi cyangwa ibicuruzwa biva mu nganda zitandukanye.

Imashini zishakisha

Mu Bufaransa, moteri zishakisha zikunze gukoreshwa nizikoreshwa kwisi yose. Hano hari moteri zishakisha zizwi: 1. Google: moteri ishakisha ikoreshwa cyane kwisi yose no mubufaransa ni Google. Itanga ibisubizo byuzuye byubushakashatsi kandi itanga ibintu bitandukanye byinyongera nka Google Ishusho, Ikarita, Amakuru, na Guhindura. Urubuga: www.google.fr 2. Bing: Indi moteri ishakisha izwi ikoreshwa mubufaransa ni Bing. Azwiho amashusho ashimishije yo murugo kandi afite ibintu bisa na Google ariko hamwe na algorithm itandukanye yo gutanga ibisubizo. Urubuga: www.bing.com 3. Yahoo!: Nubwo Yahoo! ntabwo yiganje nkuko byahoze, iracyafite abakoresha benshi mubufaransa kubera serivisi ya imeri (Yahoo! Mail) ikoreshwa cyane aho. Urubuga: www.yahoo.fr 4. Qwant: Imashini ishakisha ibanga ishingiye ku Bufaransa yamamaye mu myaka yashize kubera impungenge zerekeye ubuzima bwite bw'amakuru ku zindi mbuga. Qwant ntabwo ikurikirana cyangwa ibika amakuru yumukoresha mugihe itanga ibisubizo byubushakashatsi byizewe nta matangazo yihariye akurikirana akamenyero kawe ko gushakisha. Urubuga: www.qwant.com/fr 5 6.DuckDuckGo: DuckDuckGo nubundi buryo bushingiye ku buzima bwite aho gushakisha kwawe kugumizwa kwihererana rwose utabitse amakuru yihariye cyangwa ngo ukurikirane ibikorwa byawe kumurongo.Bigenda byiyongera cyane mubakoresha bashaka kugenzura byinshi kubuzima bwabo kumurongo.Urubuga: www.duckduckgo.com Izi ni ingero nkeya za moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa mubufaransa; icyakora, ni ngombwa kumenya ko abakoresha benshi bashingira kuri Google kubyo bakeneye. Icyitonderwa: Nyamuneka uzirikane ko izi mbuga zishobora kugira igihugu cyagutse (.fr) mugihe cyinjiye mubufaransa

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Ubufaransa nigihugu gifite impapuro zitandukanye zumuhondo zita ku nganda na serivisi zitandukanye. Hano hari amwe mumapaji nyamukuru yumuhondo mubufaransa hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. UrupapuroJaunes (www.pagesjaunes.fr): UrupapuroJaunes nimwe mubitabo byumuhondo bizwi cyane mubufaransa. Itanga urutonde rwuzuye rwubucuruzi, serivisi, ninzobere mubice bitandukanye. 2. Urupapuro rwa Annuaire Urupapuro (www.pagesblanches.fr): Urupapuro rwa Annuaire Urupapuro rwibanda cyane cyane kurutonde rwabatuye, rutanga amakuru yumuntu kubantu ningo mubufaransa. 3. Yelp Ubufaransa (www.yelp.fr): Yelp ni urubuga mpuzamahanga rurimo gusuzuma abakiriya no kurutonde rwibikorwa bitandukanye, kuva muri resitora kugeza kuri serivisi zo murugo. 4 5. Kompass (fr.kompass.com): Kompass nubuyobozi bwubucuruzi butanga amakuru menshi yibigo bikorera mumirenge itandukanye mubufaransa hamwe namakuru yabo. 6. 118 712 (www.pagesjaunes. Izi nizo ngero nkeya gusa zurupapuro rwumuhondo ububiko buboneka mubufaransa. Wibuke ko uturere cyangwa imijyi kugiti cye bishobora kuba byongeweho paji yumuhondo yububiko bwihariye mukarere kabo.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Ubufaransa bubamo imiyoboro myinshi ya e-ubucuruzi itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi na serivisi. Hano hari bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya e-ubucuruzi mubufaransa hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Amazone y'Ubufaransa - Imwe mumasoko manini kumurongo kumurongo, itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi mubyiciro bitandukanye. Urubuga: www.amazon.fr 2. Cdiscount - Umucuruzi wo kumurongo mubufaransa uzwiho ibiciro bihendutse hamwe nibicuruzwa bitandukanye, harimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imideri, ibikoresho byo murugo, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga: www.cdiscount.com 3. Fnac - Umucuruzi ucuruza ibintu byumwihariko mubicuruzwa byumuco na elegitoronike, harimo ibitabo, umuziki, firime, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imikino yo kuri videwo, nibikoresho. Urubuga: www.fnac.com 4 Urubuga: www.laredoute.fr 5. Vente-Privée - Abanyamuryango-gusa flash yo kugurisha urubuga rutanga ibicuruzwa byagabanijwe mubyiciro byinshi nkimyenda yimyambarire hamwe nibikoresho hamwe nibicuruzwa murugo. Urubuga: www.vente-privee.com 6- Rue du Ubucuruzi - Isoko ryo kumurongo rigurisha ibicuruzwa byinshi nka electronics (mudasobwa & ibikoresho), ibikoresho byo murugo nibikoresho byo mubindi. Urubuga: [www.rueducommerce.fr] (http://www.rueducommerce.fr/) 7- eBay Ubufaransa - Igifaransa verisiyo yiri soko ryisi yose yemerera abantu cyangwa ubucuruzi kugura cyangwa kugurisha ibintu bishya cyangwa byakoreshejwe mubyiciro bitandukanye.Www.ebay.fr

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Ubufaransa nigihugu gikomeye kizwiho umurage gakondo wumuco niterambere ryikoranabuhanga. Hano hari imbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane zikoreshwa mu Bufaransa, hamwe na aderesi zabo: 1. Facebook (www.facebook.com): Facebook ntikeneye kumenyekanisha, kandi iracyari imwe muma mbuga nkoranyambaga zikoreshwa cyane ku isi. Iremera abakoresha guhuza inshuti, gusangira ibishya, amafoto, videwo, no kwinjira mumatsinda atandukanye. 2. Twitter (www.twitter.com): Twitter ni urubuga rwa mikorobe ituma abakoresha bashobora kohereza no guhuza ubutumwa bugufi bwitwa "tweet." Yamamaye cyane mubufaransa nkisoko yamakuru agezweho, imikoranire yicyamamare, nibiganiro nyabyo. 3. Instagram (www.instagram.com): Uru rubuga rwibanze rugaragara rutuma abakoresha basangira amafoto na videwo mugihe bashakisha ibintu byakozwe nabandi. Instagram yahindutse igikoresho cyingenzi kubaterankunga, abafotora, abahanga kimwe nubucuruzi bushaka kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa byabo cyangwa serivisi. 4. LinkedIn (www. LinkedIn ni ingirakamaro cyane kubashaka akazi bashaka amahirwe yakazi cyangwa ibigo bishaka gushaka impano nshya. 5. Snapchat (www. Snapchat irasaba cyane cyane abakiri bato mubufaransa bishimira gusangira ibihe mubuzima bwabo bwa buri munsi. 6. TikTok (www. 7. Gukurikira (www.p Interest.fr): Ibikurikira byiganje mubakoresha igifaransa bashaka guhumeka kubintu bitandukanye uhereye kumyambarire yimyambarire kugeza kubitekerezo byo gutaka murugo binyuze mumashusho aremereye asangiwe nabanyamuryango kwisi yose. 8.Imbuga zishingiye ku mbuga nkoranyambaga: - Viadeo (https://fr.viadeo.com/): Uru rubuga rwibanda kumurongo wumwuga ugamije cyane cyane abakoresha ururimi rwigifaransa kandi utanga ibintu bikwiranye nisoko ryaho. - Skyrock (https://skyrock.com/): Blog hamwe nimbuga nkoranyambaga aho abakoresha bashobora gukora imyirondoro yihariye, inyandiko za blog, kumva umuziki, no gukorana binyuze mubitekerezo cyangwa ubutumwa bwihariye. Izi nimwe mbuga za mbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi zikoreshwa mu Bufaransa. Wibuke ko inzira zishobora guhinduka mugihe uko urubuga rushya rugaragara cyangwa izisanzwe zigenda zihinduka.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Mu Bufaransa, hari amashyirahamwe menshi yinganda ahagarariye inzego zitandukanye zubukungu. Aya mashyirahamwe afite uruhare runini mugutezimbere no kurengera inyungu zinganda zabo. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda mubufaransa: 1. MEDEF (Movement of Enterprises of France) - Uyu ni umwe mu mashyirahamwe akomeye y'abakoresha mu Bufaransa, uhagarariye inganda zitandukanye nk'inganda, serivisi, ubucuruzi, n'ubuhinzi. Urubuga rwabo ni: https://www.medef.com/ 2. CNPA (Inama yigihugu ishinzwe imyuga) - CNPA ihagarariye ibigo bigira uruhare mubikorwa byimodoka nko kugurisha ibinyabiziga, gusana, no gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa. Urubuga rwabo ni: https://www.cnpa.fr/ 3. Fédération Française du Bâtiment (Ihuriro ry’Ubwubatsi bw’Abafaransa) - Iri shyirahamwe rihagarariye ibigo byubwubatsi n’inzobere mu kubaka mu Bufaransa. Urubuga rwabo ni: https://www.ffbatiment.fr/ 4 .ffsa.fr / 5 ryashinzwe mu 1908 nk’umuryango ushyigikiwe n’ibigo bya leta by’Ubufaransa bishyigikira inganda z’ingabo zirwanira mu kirere mu gihugu hose hamwe n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa baturutse mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bakorana cyane ndetse no mu bihugu bitari Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ahanini bivuga ku bibazo bya gisirikare ku isi bibera mu mabwiriza y’amasezerano ya NATO yerekeye Inshingano z’imicungire y’ubufatanye amasezerano y’ubufatanye yasanganywe n’abasirikare bitabiriye politiki y’ibikorwa byemejwe n’ingabo z’ingabo zihuriweho n’imyitozo y’intambara yitabiriwe hamwe Umuryango w’abibumbye washyizeho ingabo z’ingabo z’amahoro ugereranije no kubungabunga umutekano w’ibihe by’ibibazo by’akarere k’amakimbirane arwanya ibikorwa by’amahoro. 6. Fédération du Commerce et de la Ikwirakwizwa (FCD) - Iyi federasiyo ihagarariye ubucuruzi bucuruza harimo supermarket, hypermarkets, nabandi bacuruzi. Urubuga rwabo ni: https://www.fcd.fr/ 7. Syndicat National du Jeu Vidéo (Ihuriro ry’imikino y’imikino) - Iri shyirahamwe rihagarariye inganda zikina amashusho mu Bufaransa, harimo abiteza imbere n’abamamaza. Urubuga rwabo ni: https://www.snjv.org/ Izi nizo ngero nkeya zamashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda mubufaransa. Hariho andi mashyirahamwe menshi ahagarariye inzego zitandukanye nkubuhinzi, itumanaho, imari, nibindi byinshi.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Ubufaransa bufite imbuga nyinshi zubukungu nubucuruzi zitanga amakuru yingirakamaro kubucuruzi n'abashoramari. Dore bimwe mubigaragara hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Ubucuruzi Ubufaransa: Ubucuruzi Ubufaransa nicyo kigo cyigihugu gishyigikira iterambere ryubucuruzi mpuzamahanga mubufaransa. Urubuga rwabo rutanga amakuru yisoko, ubufasha kumasosiyete yamahanga ashaka gushora imari mubufaransa, namakuru kumasosiyete yubufaransa ashaka ubufatanye mpuzamahanga. Urubuga: https://www.businessfrance.fr/ 2. Gushora imari mu Bufaransa: Ishoramari mu Bufaransa ni gahunda ya leta igamije gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga mu gihugu. Urubuga rutanga amakuru yuzuye kumirenge yinyungu, gahunda zunganirwa, imisoro, ibikorwa remezo, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga: https://choosefrance.com/ 3. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda mu Bufaransa: Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda mu Bufaransa (CCI) rukora nk'ikiraro hagati y’ubucuruzi n’ubuyobozi bwa leta. Batanga serivisi zitandukanye nkubutumwa bwubucuruzi, ibyabaye, gahunda zamahugurwa, inkunga yiterambere ryubucuruzi mu nganda zitandukanye. Urubuga: https://www.ccifrance-international.org/ 4. Minisiteri y'Ubukungu n'Imari: Minisiteri y’ubukungu n’imari igenzura ifatwa ry’ubukungu mu Bufaransa. Urubuga rwabo rutanga imibare yubukungu, politiki ijyanye ninganda, amahirwe yo gushora imari, urwego rugenga ubucuruzi. Urubuga: https://www.economie.gouv.fr/ 5.Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Éubukungu (INSEE): INSEE ni ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare gishinzwe gukora ubushakashatsi ku bikorwa by’ubukungu mu Bufaransa binyuze mu gukora ubushakashatsi bw’ubushakashatsi & gutanga amakuru ku bintu bitandukanye nka demokarasi harimo imibare y’abaturage n'ibindi Urubuga: http://insee.fr/ 6. Gasutamo y'Ubufaransa: Imiyoboro yemewe ya gasutamo yubufaransa itanga amakuru yingirakamaro kubyerekeye amabwiriza yo gutumiza / kohereza hanze, inzira za gasutamo & ibisabwa mugihe ucuruza cyangwa mubutaka bwubufaransa. Urubuga: http: //icyongereza.customs-center.com/fr /

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hano hari imbuga za interineti zibaza ibibazo byubucuruzi, bitanga imibare namakuru atandukanye kubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bwigihugu. Dore bimwe muribi hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Gasutamo y’Ubufaransa (Douanes françaises): Urubuga rwemewe rwa gasutamo y’Ubufaransa rutanga amakuru yuzuye ku mibare itumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, harimo impirimbanyi z’ubucuruzi, ibihugu by’abafatanyabikorwa, n’ibyiciro by’ibicuruzwa. URL: https://www.douane.gouv.fr/ 2. Ikarita y'Ubucuruzi: Yakozwe n'Ikigo Mpuzamahanga cy'Ubucuruzi (ITC), Ikarita y'Ubucuruzi itanga imibare irambuye y’ubucuruzi n’amakuru yo kubona isoko ku bihugu birenga 220 ku isi, harimo n’Ubufaransa. URL: https://www.trademap.org/ 3. World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS): WITS ni data base yuzuye yatunganijwe na Banki yisi yose ituma abayikoresha babona amakuru arambuye y’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga mu Bufaransa no mu bindi bihugu. URL: https://wits.worldbank.org/ 4. Eurostat: Nkibiro bishinzwe ibarurishamibare by’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU), Eurostat itanga imibare itandukanye y’imibare, harimo n’imibare mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi ku bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi nk’Ubufaransa. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/urugo 5. Ububikoshingiro bw’umuryango w’abibumbye: Iyi data base y’umuryango w’abibumbye ikubiyemo amakuru y’ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa ku isi byatangajwe n’ibihugu n’intara birenga 200, harimo n’Ubufaransa. Abakoresha barashobora guhitamo ibibazo bishingiye kubihinduka bitandukanye nkigihugu, icyiciro cyibicuruzwa, cyangwa umwaka. URL: https://comtrade.un.org/data/ 6.Ubucuruzi bwubucuruzi - (https://www.tradingeconomics.com/france/indicators): Ubucuruzi bwubucuruzi nurubuga rwigenga rutanga ibipimo byubukungu kimwe nibiteganijwe bijyanye nubucuruzi mpuzamahanga mubihugu bitandukanye harimo nubufaransa. Wibuke gusura izi mbuga ukoresheje URL zabo zitanzwe hejuru kugirango urebe neza amakuru agezweho kandi agezweho yerekeranye nubucuruzi bwubufaransa.

B2b

Hano hari ibibuga byinshi bya B2B mubufaransa bitanga serivisi zubucuruzi. Dore bimwe muribi hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Europage - Europage ni urubuga rwa B2B ruyobora i Burayi, kandi rufite igice cyihariye kubucuruzi bwabafaransa. Urubuga rwabo ni https://www.europages.co.uk/ 2. Alibaba.com - Alibaba ikora ku isi yose kandi itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi biva mu nganda zitandukanye, harimo n’abatanga Ubufaransa. Urubuga rwihariye rwamasosiyete yubufaransa urashobora kubisanga kuri https://french.alibaba.com/ 3. GlobalTrade.net - Uru rubuga rwibanda ku guhuza ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga n’inzobere mu bucuruzi bw’ibanze ku isi, harimo n’Ubufaransa. Urashobora kubona amakuru menshi kurubuga rwabo: https://www.globaltrade.net/france/ 4. Kompass - Kompass ni urubuga ruzwi cyane rwa B2B rutanga amakuru yuzuye kubyerekeye ibigo n'inganda ku isi, harimo n'Ubufaransa. Urubuga rwabo rwigifaransa urashobora kuboneka kuri https://fr.kompass.com/ 5. SoloStocks.fr - SoloStocks ni isoko aho abaguzi n’abagurisha bashobora gucuruza ibicuruzwa na serivisi bitandukanye mu nzego zitandukanye, cyane cyane ku isoko ry’Ubufaransa. Ihuza ryurubuga ni http://www.solostocks.fr/ 6. Ubujyanama bwa eProsea - Ubujyanama bwa eProsea butanga urubuga rwo gushakisha kumurongo rwibanze cyane cyane kubaguzi mpuzamahanga bashishikajwe no kubona ibicuruzwa biva mubufaransa cyangwa kwishora mubindi bikorwa byubucuruzi hamwe n’amasosiyete yo mu gihugu: http://eprosea-exportconsulting.com/Ubufaransa-abatanga-ubushakashatsi -engine Wibuke gukora ubushakashatsi kuri buri platform kugirango umenye neza ko ukeneye ubucuruzi bwihariye mbere yo kubikoresha murwego rwo gufata ingamba zo gushakisha amahirwe namasosiyete yubufaransa!