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Limmaraka tse ka Sehloohong
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Kakaretso ea Naha
Kazakhstan, e tsejoang ka molao e le Rephabliki ea Kazakhstan, ke naha ea Asia Bohareng e moeling oa Russia ka leboea le bophirima, China ka bochabela, Kyrgyzstan le Uzbekistan ka boroa, le Turkmenistan ka boroa-bophirima. E na le sebaka sa lisekoere-k'hilomithara tse limilione tse 2.72 (lik'hilomithara tse limilione tse 1.05), ke naha ea borobong ho tse kholo lefatšeng. Motse-moholo oa Kazakhstan ke Nur-Sultan, eo pele e neng e tsejoa e le Astana ho fihlela 2019 ha e ne e rehoa lebitso ka mor'a Mopresidente oa eona oa mothehi Nursultan Nazarbayev. Leha ho le joalo, motse o moholo ka ho fetisisa Kazakhstan ke Almaty. Kazakhstan e na le libaka tse fapa-fapaneng tse nang le litepisi tse kholo tse etsang karolo ea bobeli ho tse tharo ea sebaka sa eona. E boetse e akaretsa lithaba tse kang Altai le Tian Shan ka boroa-bochabela. Naha ena e na le maemo a leholimo a feteletseng a kontinente a nang le lehlabula le chesang le mariha a batang haholo. Kaha ho na le batho ba ka bang limilione tse 19, Kazakhstan e na le baahi ba bangata ba merabe ea Kazakh hammoho le sehlotšoana sa bohlokoa sa Marussia. Puo ea molao ke Sekazakh, empa Serussia se ntse se buuoa haholo makaleng a fapaneng ho kenyeletsoa khoebo le mmuso. Moruo oa Kazakhstan o itšetlehile haholo ka lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa tlhaho tse kang oli, khase, mashala le liminerale tse kang uranium le koporo. Ke e 'ngoe ea bahlahisi ba etelletseng pele lefatšeng ka bophara ba mehloli ena e tlatsetsang haholo kholong ea eona ea GDP. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho entsoe boiteko ba ho fapanyetsana moruo oa eona ka nts'etsopele ea indasteri ho kenyeletsoa le libaka tsa ntlafatso ea theknoloji. Kazakhstan e fumane boipuso ho tsoa ho Soviet Union ka 1991 mme esale e latela maano a shebaneng le botsitso ba lipolotiki le kholo ea moruo e hohetseng matsete a kantle ho naha. E boloka likamano tsa botsoalle le linaha tsa boahelani ha e ntse e nka karolo ka mafolofolo mekhatlong ea machaba e kenyeletsang Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) le Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). Kazakhstan e ruileng setso, e keteka meetlo ea setso joalo ka Nauryz Meyrami (Selemo se Secha) le Kurban Ait (mokete hang ka mor'a Hajj). Mefuta ea 'mino oa setso le lipapali tse kang Kokpar (papali ea ho palama pere) li bontša lefa la setso la naha. Qetellong, Kazakhstan ke naha e kholo le e fapaneng ea Asia Bohareng e tsebahalang ka lisebelisoa tsa eona tsa tlhaho, moruo o ntseng o hola ka potlako, le boiteko ba ho ntlafatsa. E tsoela pele ho leka ho iketsetsa bokamoso bo atlehileng ha e ntse e boloka boitsebahatso ba eona bo ruileng ba setso.
Chelete ea Naha
Kazakhstan ke naha e Asia Bohareng e nang le chelete ea eona, e bitsoang Kazakhstani tenge (KZT). Tenge esale e le chelete ea molao ea Kazakhstan ho tloha ka 1993 ha e nka sebaka sa ruble ea Soviet. Hajoale, dolara e le 'ngoe ea Amerika e batla e lekana le 426 KZT. Sekhahla sa phapanyetsano se ka fetoha ho latela maemo a fapaneng a moruo. Chelete e tla ka lihlopha tsa li-banknotes le lichelete tsa tšepe. Lichelete tsa chelete li fumaneha ka lihlopha tsa 200, 1,000, 2,000, 5,000, le 10,000 tenge. Lichelete tsa tšepe li fumaneha ka lihlotšoana tse nyane joalo ka tenge e le 'ngoe le ho ea holimo ho 500 tenge. Le ha likhoebo tse ling li amohela lichelete tsa kantle ho naha joalo ka lidolara tsa Amerika kapa li-euro bakeng sa thekiso e itseng, ho eletsoa ho ba le chelete ea lehae bakeng sa litšenyehelo tsa letsatsi le letsatsi Kazakhstan. Boemo ba lichelete Kazakhstan ka kakaretso bo lutse bo tsitsitse lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng. Leha ho le joalo, baeti ba etelang kapa ho lula nako e telele ba lokela ho lula ba tseba ka liphetoho leha e le life tse ka amang litekanyetso tsa phapanyetsano kapa melao e amanang le phapanyetsano ea lichelete. Ho bohlokoa ho ba hlokolosi ha u ananela chelete le ho etsa bonnete ba hore u etsa joalo libankeng tse lumelletsoeng kapa lits'ebeletso tse tsebahalang tsa phapanyetsano ho qoba bomenemene kapa likoloto tsa maiketsetso. Ka kakaretso, ho utloisisa tenge ea Kazakhstani le boemo ba eona ba hajoale ho tla thusa baeti ho tseba mekhoa ea lichelete ha ba ntse ba etela Kazakhstan hantle.
Sekhahla sa phapanyetsano
Chelete ea molao ea Kazakhstan ke Kazakhstani tenge (KZT). Ha e le likhakanyo tsa likhakanyo tsa phapanyetsano, ka kopo hlokomela hore li ka fetoha 'me li ka fapana ho latela mohloli le nako. Mona ke likhakanyo tsa likhakanyo tsa phapanyetsano ho tloha ka Mphalane 2021: - 1 USD (Dolara ea United States) ≈ 434 KZT - 1 EUR (Euro) ≈ 510 KZT - 1 GBP (Ponto ea Brithani) ≈ 594 KZT - 1 JPY (Yen ea Japane) ≈ 3.9 KZT Ka kopo hopola hore litefiso tsena ke tsa merero ea tlhahisoleseling feela 'me li ka fapana ka nako efe kapa efe. Bakeng sa litekanyetso tsa morao-rao le tse nepahetseng tsa phapanyetsano, ho kgothaletswa ho buisana le setsi sa lichelete se ka tšeptjoang kapa ho sebelisa sesebelisoa sa ho fetola chelete ea inthaneteng.
Matsatsi a Phomolo a Bohlokwa
Kazakhstan, e Asia Bohareng, e keteka matsatsi a mangata a phomolo a bohlokoa selemo ho pota. E 'ngoe ea mekete ea bohlokoahali ke Nauryz Meyrami, eo hape e tsejoang e le Mokete oa Selemo. Letsatsi lena la phomolo la boholo-holo le tšoaea tšimoloho ea selemo 'me le ketekoa ka la 22 March selemo se seng le se seng. Nauryz Meyrami ke mokete o thabisang le o hlasimollang o metse ka metso litloaelong le litloaelong tsa Kazakh. E tšoantšetsa bonngoe, nchafatso, le qaleho e ncha. Nakong ea mokete ona, batho ba apara liaparo tsa setso le ho kenya letsoho mesebetsing e fapaneng ea setso. E 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa Nauryz Meyrami ke ho theha motse oa yurt moo batho ba ka bang le bophelo ba bo-hloma-u-hlomole. Lipapali tsa setso tse kang "Kokpar," papali ea ho hula lipere e tšoanang le polo empa e bapaloa ka setopo sa poli sebakeng sa bolo, li hlophisitsoe nakong ena. Malapa a bokana ho thabela mekete le lijana tsa setso tse kang "beshbarmak" (sejo sa nama se phehoang ka li-noodle). Matsatsi a mang a phomolo a bohlokoa Kazakhstan ke Letsatsi la Tlholo, le ketekoang ka la 9 May selemo se seng le se seng. Letsatsi lena ke sehopotso sa Tlhōlo ea Jeremane ea Bonazi Ntoeng ea II ea Lefatše 'me le hlompha bahlabani bohle ba ileng ba loanela tokoloho nakong ea ntoa. Mekete ena e akarelletsa mekoloko ea sesole, lipontšo tsa li- fireworks, mekete ea ho beha meqhaka lihopotsong tsa ntoa le likonsarete tse nang le lipina tsa ho rata naha. Ho feta moo, "Rukhani Zhangyru" kapa Letsatsi la Tsoelo-pele ea Moea le boetse le lokeloa ke ho buuoa ka mokhoa o khethehileng kaha le ile la hlahisoa haufinyane tjena ho khothaletsa kholo ea moea har'a baahi har'a boiteko ba ntlafatso e entsoeng ke mmuso oa Kazakhstan. Mekete ena e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho baballeng setso sa Kazakhstan ka ho bontša meetlo ea setso e fetisitsoeng melokong eohle ha e ntse e hlompha liketsahalo tsa bohlokoa tsa histori tse entseng hore Kazakhstan e be kamoo e leng kateng kajeno.
Boemo ba Khoebo ea Kantle ho Naha
Kazakhstan ke naha e pota-potiloeng ke naha e Asia Bohareng e tsejoang ka matlotlo a eona a tlhaho, haholo matla le temo. Naha ena e bile le seabo ka mafolofolo khoebong ea machaba, ho romela mefuta e mengata ea lihlahisoa linaheng tse fapaneng. Lihlahisoa tse kholo tsa Kazakhstan tse romelloang kantle li kenyelletsa oli le khase, litšepe (joalo ka koporo, aluminium le zinki), lik'hemik'hale, mechini le lisebelisoa tsa mochini. Naha ena ke eona e hlahisang oli e kholo ka ho fetisisa Asia Bohareng 'me e na le mehloli e mengata ea khase ea tlhaho. Ka lebaka leo, mafura a liminerale a etsa karolo e kholo ea kakaretso ea thepa ea Kazakhstan. Ntle le mehloli ea matla, Kazakhstan e boetse e romela lihlahisoa tsa temo tse kang koro, harese, k'hothone, litholoana le meroho. Naha ena e na le mobu o nonneng oa temo o lumellang tlhahiso ea lijalo tsa boleng bo holimo. Lihlahisoa tsena tsa temo li kenya letsoho ho leka-lekaneng la khoebo la Kazakhstan ka ho hlahisa chelete e tsoang mebarakeng ea machaba. Leha naha e its'etlehile haholo ka ho romela thepa kantle ho naha ho boloka moruo oa eona, e boetse e reka lihlahisoa tse fapaneng ho tsoa kantle ho naha ho kenyeletsoa mechini le lisebelisoa, likoloi (haholo-holo likoloi), meriana le thepa ea bareki. Balekane ba mantlha ba khoebo ba Kazakhstan ba kenyelletsa Russia - eo e arolelanang likamano tse haufi tsa moruo ka lebaka la mabaka a nalane - China, Italy Jeremane le Fora. Linaha tsena li tsoa mehloling ea matla hammoho le lihlahisoa tse ling tsa Kazakh. Ho thusa mesebetsi ea khoebo ho ntšetsa pele kholo ea moruo ka hare ho naha le machabeng, mmuso oa Kazakhstan o nkile mehato e kang ho saena litumellano tsa khoebo ea mahala le linaha tse 'maloa ho kenyeletsoa Turkey, Eurasian Economic Union, le ho nka karolo ka mafolofolo mekhatlong ea tikoloho joalo ka Shanghai Cooperation Organisation(SCO). Ka kakaretso, Kazakhstan e ithorisa ka karolo e kholo khoebong ea lefats'e ka ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa eona tse ngata tsa tlhaho hammoho le ho fapanyetsana le mesebetsi ea eona ea kantle ho naha.
Monyetla oa Nts'etsopele ea Maraka
Kazakhstan, e Asia Bohareng, e na le monyetla o moholo oa nts'etsopele ea 'maraka oa khoebo ea kantle ho naha. Ntlha ea pele, naha ena e ruile ka matlotlo a tlhaho a kang oli, khase le lirafshoa. Bongata bona ba lisebelisoa bo hlahisa menyetla ea likamano tsa khoebo tsa machaba le matsete. Ntle le moo, Kazakhstan e arolelana meeli le linaha tse ngata ho kenyeletsoa China le Russia. Meruo ena ea boahelani e fana ka phihlello ho mebaraka e meholo ea bareki 'me e sebetsa e le litsela tse ka bang teng tsa lipalangoang bakeng sa khoebo lipakeng tsa Europe le Asia. Sebaka sa leano la naha se haufi le Tsela ea Silika ea khale e ntlafatsa boemo ba eona joalo ka setsi sa khoebo ea libaka. Ho feta moo, Kazakhstan e ikemiselitse ho theha maemo a matle a khoebo ho hohela batseteli ba kantle ho naha. Mmuso o kentse tshebetsong ditokiso tse fapaneng tse reretsweng ho ntlafatsa boiketlo ba ho etsa kgwebo ka ho nolofatsa ditsamaiso tsa tsamaiso le ho matlafatsa tshireletso ya molao. Boiteko bona bo entse hore ho be le phaello e eketsehileng ea matsete a tsoang kantle ho naha. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, Kazakhstan e khelositse moruo oa eona hole le ho itšetleha ka lekeno la oli ka ho shebana le likarolo tse kang temo, tlhahiso, thepa, bohahlauli le matla a tsosolositsoeng. Leano lena la mefuta-futa le fana ka menyetla bakeng sa likhoebo tsa machaba tse batlang ho kena kapa ho atolosa boteng ba tsona liindastering tsena tse ntseng li hōla. Ho feta moo, Kazakhstan ke setho sa mekhatlo e fapaneng ea libaka joalo ka Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) le Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). Litho tsena li nolofatsa likamano tsa khoebo le linaha tsa boahelani ha li ntse li fana ka phihlello ea litumellano tsa khoebo tse ikhethileng le linaha tseo e leng litho. Qetellong, empa ho bohlokoa, mmuso oa Kazakh o khothaletsa kholo e etelletsoeng pele ke boqapi ka matsapa a kang "Digital Kazakhstan" lenaneo le batlang ho nts'etsapele tikoloho ea dijithale e loketseng tlholisano ea moruo. Ka kakaretso, mehloli e mengata ea tlhaho ea Kazakhstan hammoho le sebaka sa eona se setle li etsa hore e be sebaka se khahlang bakeng sa matsete a khoebo ea kantle ho naha. Boitlamo ba mmuso ba ho ntlafatsa maemo a khoebo bo eketsa bokhoni ba bona joalo ka mmaraka o atlehileng bakeng sa lik'hamphani tsa machabeng tse batlang menyetla e mecha Asia Bohareng.
Lihlahisoa tse rekisoang tse chesang 'marakeng
Bakeng sa ho khetha lihlahisoa tse tsebahalang bakeng sa 'maraka oa kantle ho naha oa Kazakhstan, ho bohlokoa ho nahana ka maemo a naha a moruo, setso le bareki. Mehato e latelang e ka thusa molemong oa khetho ea sehlahisoa: 1. Tlhahlobo ea 'maraka: Etsa tlhahlobo e felletseng ea mmaraka oa Kazakhstani ho tseba mekhoa le litlhoko tse fapaneng. Utloisisa matla a ho reka a bareki, likhetho tsa bona le mekhoa ea bophelo. 2. Hlalosa mafapha a kholo: Hlalosa likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa kholo moruong oa Kazakhstan joalo ka kaho, matla, temo, likhokahano le bohahlauli. Tsepamisa maikutlo tabeng ea ho khetha lihlahisoa tse khotsofatsang litlhoko tsa makala ana. 3. Mehato ea Setso: Ela hloko lintlha tsa setso ha u khetha lihlahisoa tsa Kazakhstan. Hlompha meetlo le meetlo ea sebaka ka seng ha u khetha lintho tseo ho ka etsahalang hore li amoheloe ke bareki. 4. Patlisiso ea tlholisano: Batlisisa bahlolisani ba lehae ba seng ba ntse ba sebetsa ka katleho 'marakeng oa khoebo ea kantle ho naha oa Kazakhstan. Hlalosa lihlahisoa tsa bona 'me u leke ho fumana likheo kapa menyetla moo lihlahisoa tsa hau tse ikhethang li ka atlehang. 5. Tiisetso ea boleng: Netefatsa hore lihlahisoa tse khethiloeng li finyella litekanyetso tsa boleng bo holimo tse amoheloang ka bobeli limmarakeng tsa machaba le melao ea Kazakhstani e tsoang linaheng tse ling. 6. Tlholisano ea litheko: Nahana ka maano a litheko ha u khetha lihlahisoa tse romelloang kantle ho naha hore li lule li le tlholisano 'marakeng oa Kazakhstani ntle le ho sekisetsa boleng. 7. Likhetho tsa ho ikamahanya le maemo: Hlahloba likhetho tsa ho ikamahanya le lihlahisoa tse khethiloeng ka ho khetheha bakeng sa litlhoko kapa likhetho tsa bareki ba Kazakhstani ntle le ho fetola likarolo tsa bona tsa mantlha haholo. 8.Tlhahlobo ea lethathamo la thepa e hanetsoeng:Ngolisa kutloisiso ea thepa e thibetsoeng ka ho hlahloba mekhatlo ea taolo joalo ka webosaete ea Customs Union kapa mokhatlo ofe kapa ofe o amehang oa mmuso pele o etsa qeto ea hore na o batla ho romela thepa kapa ho e tlisa kantle ho Kazakhstan. 9.Litlhoko tsa tsamaiso: Nahana ka likarolo tsa tsamaiso ho kenyeletsa le litšenyehelo tsa lipalangoang tse amehang ho romela thepa ho tloha naheng ea heno ho ea Kazakhstan ha u ntse u khetha lintho tse loketseng merero ea khoebo ea kantle ho naha. Litšebelisano tsa 10.Partner: Ntlafatsa menyetla ea hau ea katleho ka ho sebelisana le barekisi ba lehae kapa liakhente tse nang le tsebo e ntle ea limmaraka tsa tikoloho kaha li ka fana ka lintlha tsa bohlokoa mabapi le likhetho tse tsebahalang tse tsebahalang har'a bareki ho netefatsa ho beoa ka katleho ha lintho tse khethiloeng. 11.Maano a ho bapatsa: Theha maano a sebetsang a ho bapatsa a lokiselitsoeng 'maraka oa Kazakhstani. Totobatsa likarolo tse ikhethang le melemo ea lihlahisoa tse khethiloeng ho hohela bareki ba ka bang teng. Ka ho latela mehato ena, o ka etsa liqeto tse nepahetseng mabapi le khetho e tsebahalang ea sehlahisoa bakeng sa khoebo ea kantle ho naha ea Kazakhstan, o eketsa menyetla ea hau ea katleho 'marakeng ona.
Litšobotsi tsa bareki le tabo
Kazakhstan, e tsejoang ka molao e le Rephabliki ea Kazakhstan, ke naha e pota-potiloeng ke naha e Asia Bohareng. Ka baahi ba mefuta e fapaneng le lefa la setso le ruileng, Kazakhstan e bonts'a litšobotsi tse ikhethang tsa bareki. Tšobotsi e 'ngoe e hlahelletseng ea bareki Kazakhstan ke boikutlo ba bona bo matla ba ho amohela baeti. Batho ba Kazakh ba tsebahala ka tlhaho ea bona e mofuthu le ea kamohelo ho baeti. Ha u etsa khoebo kapa u sebelisana le bareki naheng ena, ke habohlokoa ho khutlisetsa kamohelo ena ea baeti ka ho bontša tlhompho le kananelo bakeng sa meetlo ea bona. Tšobotsi e 'ngoe e hlokomelehang ea bareki ba Kazakhstan ke khetho ea bona ea likamano tsa batho le likamano tsa sefahleho le sefahleho. Ho aha tšepo ka likhokahano ho bohlokoa ha ho etsoa khoebo naheng ena. E ka ba bohlale ho ipha nako ea ho hōlisa likamano ka ho ea ’mokeng ea boithabiso kapa ho memela bareki lijong ka ntle ho sebaka sa mosebetsi. Mabapi le litloaelo kapa maikutlo a setso, ho na le tse 'maloa tseo motho a lokelang ho li ela hloko ha a sebetsana le bareki ba tsoang Kazakhstan. Taba ea pele, ho bohlokoa ho qoba ho bua ka litaba tse bobebe joalo ka lipolotiki kapa bolumeli ntle le haeba mokha o mong o itlhahisa ka bobona. Hangata litaba tsena li ka baka likhang 'me li ka baka maemo a sa phutholohang. Ho phaella moo, ho boloka nako ke ntho ea bohlokoa haholo setsong sa Kazakh; ka hona, ho fihla ka nako bakeng sa liboka le likopano ke habohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka botšepehi ba setsebi. Ho fihla ka mor’a nako ntle le ho kōpa tšoarelo ea ’nete ho ka senya likamano tsa khoebo. Ho feta moo, ho bohlokoa ho apara ka boitlhompho ha u kopana le bareki kapa u ea meketeng ea molao Kazakhstan. Sena se bolela ho qoba liaparo tse hlahisang letlalo le lengata kapa liaparo tse sa lokelang tse ka ’nang tsa nkoa e le tse sa hlompheng meetlo ea sebaka seo. Ka kakaretso, ho utloisisa semelo sa bareki le semelo sa setso sa Kazakhstan ho ka ntlafatsa likamano tse atlehileng tsa khoebo ka hare ho naha. Ka ho bontša tlhompho bakeng sa meetlo ea setso, ho haha ​​likamano tsa botho tse thehiloeng ho tšepahaleng, ho qoba lihlooho tse tebileng nakong ea lipuisano le ho hlompha litloaelo tsa sebaka sa heno mabapi le ho boloka nako le ho apara ka mokhoa o nepahetseng ho tla tlatsetsa liphihlelo tse ntle tsa khoebo le bareki ba Kazakhstani.
Sistimi ea tsamaiso ea litloaelo
Kazakhstan ke naha e pota-potiloeng ke naha e Asia Bohareng e nang le litloaelo tse ikhethang le tsamaiso ea bojaki meeling ea eona. Mona ke lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa tsamaiso ea meetlo ea Kazakhstan le lintlha tse ling tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa baeti: Sistimi ea Taolo ea Litloaelo: 1. Bojaki: Ha ba fihla, baeti bohle ba tlameha ho fana ka pasepoto e nepahetseng e setseng bonyane likhoeli tse tšeletseng tsa ho sebetsa. Ho ka hlokahala visa, ho latela naha ea moeti. Baeti ba tlameha ho tlatsa foromo ea bojaki, e tla hatisoa ke liofisiri tsa malibohong. 2. Phatlalatso ea Litšenyehelo: Baeti ba tlameha ho tlatsa foromo ea phatlalatso ea lekhetho, e bontšang lintho leha e le life tseo ba li tlisang naheng eo tse fetang meputso ea mahala kapa lintho tse thibetsoeng/tse thibetsoeng (tse kang lithunya kapa lithethefatsi). Ho eletsoa ho boloka foromo ena ho fihlela ha e tloha joalo ka ha e ka kopuoa ke liofisiri tsa lekhetho. 3. Phatlalatso ea Chelete: Ha ho thibelo ea chelete e ka tlisoang Kazakhstan; leha ho le joalo, chelete e fetang $10,000 (kapa e lekanang le eona) e tlameha ho phatlalatsoa ha u fihla kapa ha u tloha. 4. Tumello e sa Lefisweng ho Lefiswa ho Lefiswa bakeng sa dintho tsa botho tse kang diaparo le disebediswa tsa elektroniki ka kakaretso e a utlwahala; leha ho le joalo, lithibelo li ka sebetsa lihlahisoa tse itseng joalo ka joala le koae. Lintlha tsa bohlokoa: 1. Lintho Tse Hanetsoeng: Kazakhstan e na le melao e thata mabapi le ho tsoa/romelloa kantle ha thepa e itseng joalo ka lithethefatsi/lithethefatsi, lithunya, likulo, lintho tsa setso tse se nang litokomane/litumello tse nepahetseng, joalo-joalo. Ho bohlokoa hore u tloaelane le melaoana ena pele u nka leeto ho qoba. dikotlo kapa ditaba tsa molao. 2. Lintho tse Laoloang: Ho ba le kapa ho sebelisa lithethefatsi/lithethefatsi naheng ea Kazakhstan ho thibetsoe ka thata ebile ho na le litlamorao tse matla tse kenyelletsang ho koalloa teronkong. 3. Lihlahisoa tsa Liphoofolo/Lithibelo tsa Lijo: Ho kenya lihlahisoa tse ling tsa lijo tse kang litholoana/meroho kapa lihlahisoa tsa liphoofolo tse foreshe joalo ka nama/lebese ho ka hloka litumello/litokomane tse eketsehileng ka lebaka la melaoana ea bohloeki e sebelisoang ke ba boholong. 4.Travel Documents / Documents Verification : Boloka litokomane tsa hau tsa maeto li bolokehile hammoho le li-visa tse hlokahalang tsa ho kena ha u ntse u le Kazakhstan. Tšoara kopi ea pasepoto ea hau le litokomane tsa ho eta ka linako tsohle. Etsa bonnete ba hore u fana ka tlhahisoleseding e nepahetseng ho liofisiri tsa bojaki, kaha ho se lumellane pakeng tsa boitsebiso bo fanoeng le litokomane tsa sebele ho ka hlahisa matšoenyeho. Ho bohlokoa ho etsa lipatlisiso ka botlalo le ho lula u nchafalitsoe ka melaoana le litlhoko tsa morao-rao pele u etela Kazakhstan. Ho latela melao ea meetlo ho tla etsa bonnete ba ho kena ka har'a naha ka thelelo ntle le mathata a molao kapa mathata.
Melao ea lekhetho e tsoang kantle ho naha
Kazakhstan, e leng setho sa Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), e latela leano le tloaelehileng la litefiso tsa kantle bakeng sa thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha. EAEU e kenyelletsa linaha tse kang Russia, Belarus, Armenia le Kyrgyzstan. Ho latela melaoana ea EAEU, Kazakhstan e sebelisa kemiso e lumellanang ea litefiso tsa thepa bakeng sa thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha. Litefiso tsa litefiso naheng ea Kazakhstan li fapana ho latela maemo a lihlahisoa ka mekhahlelo e fapaneng. Mohlala, lintho tsa bohlokoa tse kang lijo le meriana hangata li na le litefiso tse tlase tsa thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha kapa ha li lefelloe lekhetho ka ho felletseng. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lintho tse majabajaba kapa thepa e nkoang e se ea bohlokoa e ka hohela litefiso tse phahameng. Ka kakaretso, Kazakhstan e kentse tšebetsong mokhoa o itseng oa sekhahla moo ho lefisoang lekhetho ho latela lintlha tse itseng tse kang boima kapa bongata ba lintho tse tsoang kantle ho naha. Likarolo tse fapaneng tsa lihlahisoa li na le litefiso tse fapaneng tsa lekhetho tse ka tlohang ho 0% ho ea ho liperesente tse holimo. Ho feta moo, ho ka 'na ha e-ba le makhetho a eketsehileng le litefiso tse sebelisoang thepa e itseng ho latela melao ea naha. Ka mohlala, lekhetho la thepa le ka lefisoa mefuta e itseng ea lino tse tahang le lihlahisoa tsa koae ho thibela tšebeliso e feteletseng. Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore Kazakhstan ka linako tse ling e fetola litefiso tsa eona ho latela maemo a fapaneng a moruo kapa litumellano le linaha tsa boahelani ka har'a moralo oa EAEU. Ho tseba hore na hantlentle lekhetho la thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha le sebetsang sehlahisoa se itseng sa Kazakhstan, ho bohlokoa ho shebana le mehloli ea semmuso e joalo ka balaoli ba Kazakhstani Customs kapa baeletsi ba khoebo ba sebetsanang ka ho khetheha le melaoana ea khoebo ea machabeng kahare ho Asia Bohareng.
Melao ea lekhetho ea kantle ho naha
Kazakhstan, e Asia Bohareng, e na le leano le hlakileng la lekhetho bakeng sa thepa ea eona ea kantle ho naha. Naha e kentse tshebetsong mehato e fapaneng ho kgothaletsa le ho tshehetsa lekala la yona la diyantle. Taba ea pele, Kazakhstan e sebelisa lekhetho la boleng bo ekelitsoeng (VAT) thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha. Leha ho le joalo, lekhetho lena hangata le behiloe ka sekgahla sa lefela bakeng sa thepa e itseng e kgethilweng e le thepa e sa lefisweng lekgetho bakeng sa diyantle. Sena se thusa ho khothaletsa tlholisano ea lihlahisoa tsa Kazakhstani mebarakeng ea machabeng ka ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tsona ka kakaretso. Ho feta moo, naha e fana ka litokollo tse khethehileng lekhethong la lekhetho bakeng sa thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha. Litokoloho tsena li ikemiselitse ho khothaletsa tlhahiso le ho romelloa kantle ho naha thepa e ikhethileng e nkuoang e le ea bohlokoa kapa e na le menyetla e phahameng ea kholo. Lethathamo la lihlahisoa tse lokolotsoeng le hlahlojoa nako le nako le ho nchafatsoa ho ipapisitsoe le maemo a 'maraka le lintho tse tlang pele ho naha. Ho feta moo, Kazakhstan e saenetse litumellano tse ngata tsa khoebo le linaha tse fapaneng le li-blocs tsa libaka ho tsamaisa phallo ea khoebo le ho fokotsa litšitiso tsa khoebo. Hangata litumellano tsena li kenyelletsa lipehelo tse amanang le phokotso ea litefiso kapa ho tlosoa ha mekhahlelo ea lihlahisoa tse boletsoeng ka nako eo ho lumellanoeng ka eona. Ho feta moo, mmuso o fana ka ts'ehetso ea lichelete ho barekisi ba kantle ho naha ka mananeo a fapaneng a kang lithuso, likalimo, merero ea inshorense le li-guarante. Mehato ena e thusa ho fokotsa likotsi tsa lichelete tse amanang le mesebetsi ea thomello le ho matlafatsa boitšepo har'a barekisi ba kantle ho naha. Qetellong, empa ea bohlokoa, Kazakhstan e thehile libaka tse khethehileng tsa moruo (SEZs) ho pholletsa le naha ho hohela matsete a lehae le a kantle ho liindasteri tse lebisitsoeng ho tsona. Hangata li-SEZ li fana ka likhothatso tse eketsehileng tsa lekhetho joalo ka litefiso tse fokotsehileng tsa lekhetho la chelete kapa esita le tokollo e felletseng makhethong a itseng bakeng sa likhoebo tse tšoanelehang tse sebetsang ka har'a libaka tsena. Qetellong, leano la lekhetho la thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha la Kazakhstan le kenyelletsa motsoako oa VAT e lekantsoeng e le lefela bakeng sa lihlahisoa tse itseng hammoho le litokollo tsa lekhetho la lekhetho tse lebisitsoeng ho thepa e khethehileng e bohlokoa molemong oa kholo ea moruo. Litumellano tsa khoebo li tsoela pele ho matlafatsa menyetla ea phihlello ea mebaraka ha boikitlaetso ba mmuso ba tšehetso ea lichelete bo ikemiselitse ho fokotsa likotsi tse amanang le mesebetsi ea ho rekisa kantle ho naha. Ka kakaretso mehato ena e kenya letsoho ho theheng tikoloho e ntle e loketseng ho khothaletsa thomello e tsoang Kazakhstan.
Ho hlokahala litifikeiti bakeng sa ho romelloa kantle
Kazakhstan ke naha e Asia Bohareng, e tsejoang ka lisebelisoa tsa eona tse ngata tsa tlhaho le sebaka se setle. Jwaloka morekisi ya ka sehloohong, naha e thehile mokgwa o hlwahlwa wa ho netefatsa boleng le bonnete ba diyantle tsa yona ka mekgwa e fapaneng ya ho fana ka setifikeiti. E 'ngoe ea litifikeiti tsa mantlha tsa ho romelloa kantle ho naha ho tsoa Kazakhstan ke Setifikeiti sa Tšimoloho (CO). Tokomane ena e tiisa hore thepa e hlahisoang kapa e sebetsoang Kazakhstan e finyella litekanyetso tse khethehileng tse behiloeng ke litumellano tsa machaba tsa khoebo. CO e fana ka bopaki ba hore dihlahiswa di tswa naheng ena, tse ka thusang barekisi ba kantle ho naha ho kopa tshwaro e kgethehileng kapa melemo tlasa ditumellano tsa kgwebo tse kang GSP (Generalized System of Preferences). Ho feta moo, Kazakhstan e boetse e latela litekanyetso tsa machaba mabapi le boleng ba sehlahisoa le polokeho. Barekisi ba kantle ho naha ba tlameha ho fumana litifikeiti tse amehang tse kang ISO 9001 (Quality Management Systems) le ISO 22000 (Food Safety Management Systems) ho etsa bonnete ba hore ba lumellana le maemo a lefats'e. Lisetifikeiti tsena li tsebahala lefatšeng ka bophara 'me li thusa ho theha tšepo har'a bareki ba ka bang teng. Ntle le litifikeiti tsena, Kazakhstan e boetse e sebelisa melaoana e ikhethileng bakeng sa mekhahlelo e itseng ea lihlahisoa. Mohlala, thepa ea temo e hloka litifikeiti tsa phytosanitary ho bontša ho latela melao ea bophelo bo botle ba limela. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, lik'hemik'hale le lintho tse kotsi li hloka Safety Data Sheets (SDS) tse hlalosang sebopeho sa tsona, litaelo tsa ho sebetsana le likotsi tse ka bang teng. Ho thusa ho romela thepa kantle ho naha, balaoli ba Kazakhstani ba fana ka thuso ka mekhatlo e kang Kazakh Invest -e leng k'hamphani ea naha e khothalletsang matsete - e fanang ka lits'ebeletso tse felletseng tsa ts'ehetso ho kenyelletsa le tlhahisoleseling mabapi le litlhoko tsa kantle ho naha, lintlha tsa lipatlisiso tsa mebaraka tse nolofalletsang phihlello e pharalletseng ea mebaraka ea kantle ho naha. Ka kakaretso, Kazakhstan e etelletsa pele ho netefatsa hore litekanyetso tsa setifikeiti sa kantle ho naha lia fihlelleha bakeng sa likamano tsa khoebo tse se nang moeli lefatšeng ka bophara ha li ntse li khothaletsa menyetla ea matsete ka har'a naha. Qetellong, lits'ebetso tsa ho fana ka setifikeiti sa kantle ho naha ea Kazakhstan li ipapisitse le litifikeiti tsa tšimoloho joalo ka bopaki ba lihlahisoa tse tsoang Kazakhstan. Ho feta moo, Kazakhstan e latela melao ea machaba e lumellanang hantle. Ba na le litataiso tse fapaneng tse laolang sehlopha ka seng; lihlahisoa tsa temo, tse hlokang litifikeiti tsa phytosanitary athe lik'hemik'hale tse hlokang SDS. Mekhatlo ea ho nolofatsa e thusa barekisi ba kantle ho naha ho fana ka lintlha tsa 'maraka, menyetla ea matsete le phatlalatso ea tlhahisoleseling e hlokahalang kantle ho naha.
Lisebelisoa tse khothalelitsoeng
Kazakhstan ke naha e kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng e se nang naha, e Asia Bohareng. E na le sebaka se nepahetseng sa libaka, se kopanyang Europe le Asia, e leng se etsang hore e be setsi sa bohlokoa sa khoebo le thepa. Mona ke tse ling tsa lits'ebeletso tse khothalelitsoeng tsa thepa le tlhaiso-leseling ka Kazakhstan: 1. Lifofane: Kazakhstan e na le lifofane tse ngata tsa machaba tse kang Nursultan Nazarbayev International Airport e Nur-Sultan (eo pele e neng e le Astana) le Almaty International Airport e Almaty. Maemafofane ana a fana ka litšebeletso tsa thepa ea sefofane, ho kenyelletsa le ho tsamaisa thepa ka sefofane ho ea libakeng tse fapaneng. 2. Liporo: Kazakhstan e na le marang-rang a pharaletseng a literene a hokahanyang le linaha tsa boahelani tse kang Chaena le Russia. Naha e sebetsa e le karolo ea bohlokoa ea leano la Silk Road Economic Belt, le khothaletsang khoebo ka lipalangoang tsa literene. 3. Lipalangoang tsa litsela: Mehaho ea litsela tsa Kazakhstan e ntlafetse, e na le marang-rang a pharaletseng a litsela tse kholo tse kopanyang libaka tse fapaneng ka hare ho naha le linaheng tsa boahelani. Lipalangoang tsa thepa ka litsela li atile bakeng sa thepa ea lapeng. 4. Boema-kepe ba leoatle: Le hoja e se moeling oa leoatle kapa leoatle ka ho toba, Kazakhstan e sebelisa likou tsa Leoatle la Caspian bakeng sa likepe tsa machaba. Aktau Port ke setsi se seholo sa ho tsamaisa thepa, se fana ka khokahano ho likou tse ling tsa Leoatle la Caspian. 5. Mekhoa ea mekhoa ea meetlo: Ha u etsa mesebetsi ea ho kenya / ho romela ka ntle ho Kazakhstan, ho bohlokoa ho tseba melao ea meetlo ho netefatsa hore thepa e tsamaea hantle ho pholletsa le meeli. Litokomane tse nepahetseng le ho lumellana le litlhoko tsa meetlo lia hlokahala bakeng sa ts'ebetso e sebetsang ea thepa. 6. Lik'hamphani tsa Logistics: Lik'hamphani tse ngata tsa thepa ea lehae le tsa machaba li sebetsa Kazakhstan tse fanang ka litšebeletso tse ngata tse kang ho fetisa thepa, litharollo tsa polokelo ea thepa, thuso ea ho fana ka litšebeletso, tsamaiso ea lipalangoang (TMS), boeletsi ba thekiso ea thepa, joalo-joalo. 7. Mehaho ea polokelo ea thepa: Mehaho ea polokelo ea thepa e fumaneha ho pholletsa le litoropo tse kholo joalo ka Nur-Sultan (Astana), Almaty, le Karagandy tse fanang ka sebaka sa polokelo bakeng sa merero ea tsamaiso ea thepa kapa ts'ebetso ea ho tšela. 8.Merero ea ntlafatso ea meralo ea thepa ea 8.Logistics: Ho tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba eona ba thepa, Kazakhstan e kentse ts'ebetsong merero e fapaneng ea ntlafatso ea litšebeletso. Khorgos Gateway, e leng kou e kholo e ommeng moeling oa China, e ikemiselitse ho holisa khoebo ka lipalangoang le lits'ebetso tse ntlafalitsoeng. Tsena ke tse ling tsa lits'ebeletso tse khothaletsoang tsa thepa le tlhaiso-leseling ka Kazakhstan. Joalo ka moruo o ntseng o hola ka potlako o nang le mesebetsi e ntseng e eketseha ea khoebo, Kazakhstan e fana ka menyetla e mengata ea taolo e sebetsang le e sebetsang ea phepelo ea phepelo. Ho eletsoa ho buisana le litsebi tsa lehae kapa bafani ba litšebeletso tsa thepa bakeng sa litlhoko tse khethehileng ha u sebetsana le thepa ea thepa Kazakhstan.
Mecha ea ntlafatso ea bareki

Lipontšo tsa bohlokoa tsa khoebo

Kazakhstan ke naha e hōlang ka potlako Asia Bohareng, ’me e ’nile ea hohela bareki ba ’maloa ba bohlokoa ba machaba bakeng sa ho reka le ho ntlafatsa. Naha e fana ka likanale tse fapaneng bakeng sa ho reka machabeng mme e nka karolo lipontšong tsa bohlokoa tsa khoebo ho bonts'a lihlahisoa le lits'ebeletso tsa eona. E 'ngoe ea litsela tsa bohlokoa tsa ho reka thepa ea machaba Kazakhstan ke Astana International Financial Center (AIFC). AIFC e thehiloe joalo ka setsi sa lichelete tsa machabeng ho hohela matsete le ho khothaletsa mesebetsi ea khoebo. E fana ka sethala sa hore lik'hamphani tsa kantle ho naha li hokahane, li kopanele litšebelisanong, le ho etsa khoebo le Kazakhstan. Bareki ba bangata ba machabeng ba rata AIFC ka lebaka la melaoana ea eona e ntle, likhothaletso tsa lekhetho le tikoloho ea khoebo e pepeneneng. Mocha o mong oa bohlokoa oa ho reka thepa Kazakhstan ke ka lithendara tsa mmuso. Mmuso o dula o phatlalatsa dithendara tsa makala a fapaneng a kang a ntshetsopele ya meaho, merero ya eneji, diporojeke tsa kaho, tsamaiso ya tlhokomelo ya bophelo, jwalojwalo. Bareki ba matjhaba ba lakatsang ho fana ka thepa kapa ditshebeletso ba ka kenya letsoho dithendarang tsena ka ho fana ka ditheko tsa tlhodisano. Kazakhstan e boetse e hlophisa lipontšo tse 'maloa tse hlahelletseng tsa khoebo tse sebeletsang e le sethala sa bareki ba machabeng. Expo Astana e ile ea tšoaroa ka selemo sa 2017 mme ea hohela baeti ba limilione ba tsoang lefats'eng ka bophara. E bonts'itse boqapi bo tsoang makaleng a fapaneng joalo ka matla, meaho, lipalangoang, joalo-joalo, e fana ka menyetla ea hore likhoebo li thehe tšebelisano 'moho le lik'hamphani tsa Kazakhstani. Ntle le Expo Astana, ho na le lipontšo tse ling tse khethehileng tsa indasteri tse tšoaroang selemo ho pota tse sebetsanang le mafapha a ikhethileng joalo ka indasteri ea oli le khase (KIOGE), indasteri ea merafo (MiningWorld Central Asia), temo le phepelo ea lijo (AgriTek/FoodTek), jj. Lipontšo tsena li fana ka kakaretso e felletseng ea liindasteri tse ikhethileng ka hare ho Kazakhstan ha li ntse li thusa menyetla ea marang-rang lipakeng tsa likhoebo tsa lehae le libapali tsa lefats'e. Ho feta moo, batseteli ba kantle ho naha hangata ba nka karolo liforamong tse hlophisitsoeng ke litsi tse hlahelletseng tsa Kazakhstani tse kang Atameken National Chamber of Entrepreneurs kapa Lekhotla la Batseteli ba Kantle ho Naha e etelletsoeng pele ke Mopresidente oa Kazakhstan ka boeena e fanang ka mokhoa o mong oa ho sebelisana le batho ba nang le tšusumetso har'a khoebo ea naha. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, khoebo ea e-commerce e hlahile e le mocha oa bohlokoa oa theko ea machaba Kazakhstan. Limmaraka tse 'maloa tsa Marang-rang li thehiloe ho tsamaisa khoebo lipakeng tsa bareki le barekisi. Li-platform tse kang Chocotravel, Kaspi, Technodom, le tse ling tse ngata li fumane botumo 'me li fana ka lihlahisoa tse ngata tse ka fumanoang linaheng tse ling. Ka kakaretso, Kazakhstan e fana ka liteishene tse fapaneng tsa theko ea machabeng joalo ka AIFC, lithendara tsa mmuso, lipontšo / lipontšo tsa khoebo, liforamu tsa boemo bo holimo, le sethala se atlehileng sa khoebo ea e-commerce. Mehato ena e thusa bareki ba machabeng ho kenella 'marakeng o ntseng o hola oa naha ha ba ntse ba khothaletsa likamano le likhoebo tsa Kazakhstani ho phatlalla le mafapha a fapaneng. Tlhokomeliso: Palo ea mantsoe e feta mantsoe a 600; ena ke karabelo e hlahisoang ke mofuta oa puo oa OpenAI oa GPT-3 mme e ka hloka hore e lokisoe ho feta hore e kenelle ka har'a moeli oa litlhaku.
Ho na le lienjineri tse 'maloa tse sebelisoang hangata Kazakhstan hammoho le li-URL tsa bona tsa sebaka sa marang-rang. Mechini ena ea patlo e thusa basebelisi ho fumana lintlha ka litaba tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa litaba, boithabiso, thuto, le tse ling. Mona ke lienjineri tse tsebahalang tsa ho batla Kazakhstan: 1. Yandex - Yandex ke k'hamphani ea machaba ea Russia e sebelisang mochine o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa ho batla Russia 'me e sebelisoa haholo le Kazakhstan. E fana ka liphetho tse nepahetseng tsa lipatlisiso hammoho le lits'ebeletso tse ling joalo ka lengolo-tsoibila, limmapa le litaba. Websaeteng: www.yandex.kz 2. Google - Google ke sebatli se tsebahalang lefatšeng ka bophara hape se sebelisoa haholo Kazakhstan. E fana ka liphetho tse nepahetseng tsa lipatlisiso, limmapa, lits'ebeletso tsa phetolelo, lengolo-tsoibila (Gmail), polokelo ea leru (Google Drive), le likarolo tse ling tse ngata. Webosaete: www.google.kz 3. Mail.Ru - Mail.Ru ke k'hamphani ea Marang-rang ea Russia e fanang ka lits'ebeletso tse fapaneng tsa marang-rang ho kenyelletsa khetho ea enjine ea ho batla e sebelisoang haholo Kazakhstan. E shebane le ho fana ka litaba tsa motho ka mong tse fanang ka lithahasello tsa motho ka mong. Websaeteng: www.mail.ru 4. Rambler - Rambler ke sebaka se seng sa marang-rang sa Serussia se fanang ka mefuta e fapaneng ea lits'ebeletso tsa marang-rang tse kang tšebeletso ea webmail (Rambler Mail), sethala sa pokello ea litaba (Rambler News), lipalo tsa horoscope (Rambler Horoscopes), le tse ling. Websaeteng: www.rambler.ru 5. Bing - Leha e sa sebelisoe haholo joalo ka likhetho tse boletsoeng ka holimo, Bing ea Microsoft e ntse e le mokhoa o mong oa ho batla basebelisi ba bang inthaneteng ea Kazakhstan. Websaeteng: www.bing.com Ho bohlokoa ho ela hloko hore lienjineri tsena tsa patlo tse tsebahalang lefatšeng ka bophara kapa tsa tikoloho hangata li fumaneha ka mefuta ea lehae kapa libaka tse ikhethileng tsa naha bakeng sa boiphihlelo bo ntlafalitsoeng ba basebelisi le bohlokoa. Ka kopo hopola hore lintlha tsena li ka fetoha ha nako e ntse e ea ka lebaka la tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji kapa liphetoho likhethong tsa basebelisi; ka hona ho khothaletsoa ka linako tsohle ho lekola lintlafatso tsa hajoale ha u ntse u batla lintlha tse ikhethileng u sebelisa efe kapa efe ea li-platform tsena.

Maqephe a maholo a mosehla

Kazakhstan, e Asia Bohareng, ke naha e nang le moruo o fapaneng le liindasteri tse fapaneng. Ka tlase ke li-directory tsa maqephe a mosehla tsa Kazakhstan hammoho le liwebsaete tsa bona tse fapaneng: 1. Kazakhtelecom Yellow Pages (www.yellowpages.kz): Bukana ena e akaretsa liindasteri tse fapa-fapaneng 'me e fana ka lintlha tsa ho ikopanya le likhoebo naheng ka bophara. 2. 2GIS Kazakhstan (www.2gis.kz): Sebaka sena sa Marang-rang se fana ka lethathamo le batsi la likhoebo le litšebeletso tsa Kazakhstan, ho kenyeletsoa linomoro tsa mohala, liaterese, lihora tsa mosebetsi le maikutlo a bareki. 3. Allbiz Kazakhstan (kazakhstan.all.biz): Allbiz ke 'maraka oa marang-rang o fanang ka lethathamo la likhoebo linaheng tse ngata, ho kenyeletsoa le Kazakhstan. E fana ka leseli mabapi le mafapha a fapaneng joalo ka temo, kaho, lipalangoang le tse ling. 4. Bukana ea Khoebo ea Expat.com (www.expat.com/en/business/asia/kazakhstan): Expat.com e na le bukana ea khoebo e inehetseng bakeng sa lik'hamphani tse sebetsang metseng e fapaneng ea Kazakhstan. E kenyelletsa lintlha tse qaqileng tsa likhoebo tsa lehae ho thusa batho ba tsoang kantle ho naha ho fumana lihlahisoa kapa litšebeletso tse nepahetseng. 5. Bukana ea Khoebo ea Kazakh-British Chamber of Commerce (kbcc.org.uk/membership/business-directory): The Kazakh-British Chamber of Commerce e na le bukana e bontšang likhoebo tsa litho tsa eona tse sebetsang makaleng a fapaneng ka hare ho Kazakhstan. 6. UCell Yellow Pages (yellowpages.ucell.by): UCell ke e 'ngoe ea litsi tse ka sehloohong tse fanang ka lits'ebeletso tsa mehala tikolohong eo hape e sebelisang sethala sa maqephe a mosehla a marang-rang se fanang ka lintlha tsa ho ikopanya le likhoebo ho pholletsa le liindasteri. 7. Mohahlauli-KZ Business Portal (business.tourister.kz/en/kompanyi-kategoriej-i-tipy-obrazovaniya-v-kategoriya-sovershivsheesya-obrozovanie.html): E shebane le litsi tsa thuto le litsi tsa koetliso ka hare ho naha, Sebaka sa khoebo sa Tourister-KZ se thathamisa likolo tse maemong a fapaneng hammoho le mananeo a khethehileng a thuto a fumanehang ho baithuti. Tsena ke tse ling tsa libuka tsa maqephe a mosehla tse hlahelletseng Kazakhstan tse ka fanang ka leseli le felletseng mabapi le likhoebo tse fapaneng, lits'ebeletso le litsi tsa thuto naheng ena.

Li-platform tse kholo tsa khoebo

Kazakhstan, joalo ka e 'ngoe ea linaha tse holang ka potlako ho fetisisa Asia Bohareng, e bone tsoelo-pele e kholo lefapheng la eona la khoebo ea e-commerce. Mona ke tse ling tsa li-platform tsa e-commerce tsa Kazakhstan hammoho le liwebsaete tsa bona: 1. Wildberries.kz: Li-Wildberries ke 'maraka o tummeng oa marang-rang o fanang ka lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tse kenyelletsang liaparo, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, thepa ea lapeng, le tse ling. Webosaete: www.wildberries.kz 2. Lamoda.kz: Lamoda ke morekisi oa feshene ea inthaneteng ea tsebahalang ka pokello ea eona e pharaletseng ea liaparo, lieta le lisebelisoa tsa banna le basali. Websaeteng: www.lamoda.kz 3. Kaspi.kz: Kaspi hase feela sethala sa e-commerce empa hape ke k'hamphani e ka sehloohong ea theknoloji ea lichelete e fanang ka litšebeletso tse sa tšoaneng tsa digital tse kang litefello tsa marang-rang le litharollo tsa banka. Websaeteng: www.kaspi.kz 4. Technodom.kz: Technodom e sebetsa ka ho khetheha ka lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le tsa lapeng, e fana ka mefuta e mengata ea khetho ea li-smartphone, lilaptop, lithelevishene, lisebelisoa tsa kichineng le tse ling. Websaeteng: www.technodom.kz 5. Chocolife.me/kz: Chocolife ke sethala se tsebahalang se tsepamisitseng maikutlo ho faneng ka litheolelo le litheolelo bakeng sa lihlahisoa le lits'ebeletso tse fapaneng ho kenyeletsoa le liphihlelo tsa ho jella lireschorenteng, kalafo ea spa, liphutheloana tsa maeto joalo-joalo. Websaeteng: www.chocolife.me/kz 6. Gulliver.com : Gulliver ke 'maraka o thehiloeng o fanang ka mefuta e fapaneng ea lihlahisoa tse kang liaparo le lisebelisoa ho lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le lisebelisoa ho tloha ho barekisi ba lehae ho ea ho mefuta ea machabeng. 7.Avito-KZ.avito.ru - Avito-KZ e fana ka lipapatso tse ikhethileng bakeng sa batho ka bomong ho reka kapa ho rekisa lintho tse ncha kapa tse sebelisitsoeng joalo ka lintho tsa ntlo kapa likoloi. Ena ke mehlala e meng ea li-platform tsa e-commerce tsa Kazakhstan tse fanang ka litlhoko tse fapaneng ho tloha fesheneng ho isa ho tsa elektroniki ho isa ho litheolelo tse theotsoeng litšebeletsong/lihlahisoang tse fapaneng.

Mecha ea litaba e kholo ea sechaba

Kazakhstan, ho na le liforomo tse 'maloa tse tsebahalang tsa litaba tsa sechaba tseo batho ba li sebelisang ho hokahanya le ho buisana. Mona ke tse ling tsa libaka tsa marang-rang tse sebelisoang haholo Kazakhstan: 1. VKontakte (VK): Ke setsi sa marang-rang sa marang-rang sa Russia se tsebahalang haholo Kazakhstan. Basebelisi ba ka theha liprofaele, ba arolelana linepe le livideo, ba ikopanya le lihlopha, 'me ba romella basebelisi ba bang melaetsa. Webosaete: https://vk.com/ 2. Odnoklassniki: E tšoana le VKontakte, Odnoklassniki ke sebaka se seng sa marang-rang sa Serussia se lumellang basebelisi ho fumana bao ba kenang sekolo le bona, ho ikopanya le metsoalle, ho arolelana lintlha le litaba tsa mecha ea litaba. Webosaete: https://ok.ru/ 3. Facebook: Le ha Facebook e tsejoa lefatšeng ka bophara e le sethala se etelletseng pele sa litaba tsa sechaba, e boetse e na le basebelisi ba bohlokoa Kazakhstan. Batho ba e sebelisa ho hokahana le metsoalle, ho arolelana litaba kapa lingoliloeng tseo ba li ratang, ho kenela lihlopha kapa liketsahalo. Websaeteng: https://www.facebook.com 4. Instagram: Instagram e tumme haholo har'a bacha ba Kazakhstani ka ho arolelana linepe le livideo hammoho le litlhaloso kapa li-hashtag ho itlhalosa ka boqhetseke. Lihokelo li ka arolelanoa li-platform tse ling tsa sechaba bakeng sa phihlello e pharalletseng.Website :https://instagram.com 5.Telegram :Telekramo e se e tumme haholo lilemong tsa morao tjena e le sesebelisoa se sireletsehileng sa melaetsa moo basebelisi ba ka romellang melaetsa, linepe, livideo. Eseng feela sesebelisoa sa melaetsa, hape se tsamaisa likanale tsa sechaba. E thehiloe Berlin, ena e sebetsa joalo ka 'maraka. & ho rekisa thepa sebakeng sa heno.Sehokelo sa sebaka sa Marang-rang ke -https//web.telegram.org. 6.Twitter : Twitter e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa har'a bacha le ba susumetsang ho hasa litaba , maikutlo , liketsahalo joalo-joalo.Basebelisi baa latelana , ba pheta li-tweets tsa bona .Ba ka boela ba sebelisa li-hashtag ka katleho.Website : www.twitter.com . 7.YouTube: YouTube e lula e tumme haholo har'a basebelisi ba marang-rang ba Kazakhstani ha ba ntse ba shebella livideo tse behiloeng ke batho kapa mekhatlo lefatšeng ka bophara.E tla u thusa haeba u batla ho fetang mongolo le linepe feela.Sehokelo sa sethala sa video ke https://www.youtube. .com/ . Tsena ke tse ling tsa li-forum tse tsebahalang tsa litaba tsa sechaba tse sebelisoang Kazakhstan. Hopola hore ho tsebahala ha li-platform tsena ho ka fapana ho ea ka batho ba lilemo tse fapaneng kapa libakeng tse fapaneng ka har'a naha.

Mekhatlo e meholo ea indasteri

Kazakhstan, e Asia Bohareng, e na le mefuta e fapaneng ea liindasteri tse tšehetsoang ke mekhatlo e fapaneng ea litsebi. Mekhatlo ena e na le seabo sa bohlokoa haholo ho phahamisetseng litabatabelo le nts'etsopele ea mafapha a bona ka ho fapana. Mona ke tse ling tsa mekhatlo e meholo ea indasteri ea Kazakhstan: 1. Mokhatlo oa Kazenergy: Mokhatlo ona o emela lithahasello tsa lekala la matla la Kazakhstan, ho kenyelletsa le lik'hamphani tsa oli le khase, lik'hamphani tse fehlang motlakase, le bafani ba litšebeletso. Webosaete ea bona ke https://www.kaenergy.com/. 2. Atameken National Chamber of Entrepreneurs: Atameken e sebetsa e le mokhatlo oa likhele bakeng sa mekhatlo e mengata e khethehileng ea indasteri ea Kazakhstan. E emetse dikgahleho tsa dikgwebo tse nyane le tse mahareng ho phatlalla le makala a fapaneng. U ka fumana lintlha tse ling ho https://atameken.kz/. 3. Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs (Union "BI"): Mokhatlo ona o shebane le ho phahamisa lithahasello tsa likhoebo tsa indasteri le tsa tlhahiso Kazakhstan ka matsapa a fapaneng le mosebetsi oa bobuelli. Lintlha tse ling li ka fumanoa ho https://bi.kz/en. 4.KAZAKH INVEST - Setsi sa Phatlalatso ea Matsete: KAZAKH INVEST e ikemiselitse ho hohela matsete a tsoang kantle ho naha ho fapanyetsana moruo oa Kazakhstan ka ho tšehetsa bo-ramatsete leetong lohle la bona la matsete ka lits'ebeletso tse joalo ka bohlale ba mebaraka, ts'ebetso ea merero, ts'ehetso ea likamano tsa mmuso, joalo-joalo. Webosaete ea bona ke http:/ /invest.gov.kz/en/. 5.National Mining Association "Kazakhstan": E emelang indasteri ea merafo ea Kazakhstan ho kenyelletsa lik'hamphani tsa merafo tse amanang le liminerale tse kang mashala, mesebetsi ea merafo ea uranium joalo-joalo. Tse ling ka tsona mona: http://nma.kz/ 6. National Association for Developmenting Cooperatives (NADC): NADC e ts'ehetsa mekhatlo ea likoporasi e emetseng mafapha a mangata joalo ka likoporasi tsa temo, mabenkele a lijo, lihlapi joalo-joalo. Their website is No URL found. Ka kopo hlokomela hore mekhatlo e meng ea litsebi e kanna ea ba le liwebosaete tse fumanehang ka lipuo tsa Kazakh kapa Serussia feela ka lebaka la tsepamiso ea tsona ea lehae kapa meeli ea lisebelisoa tsa Senyesemane.

Liwebsaete tsa khoebo le tsa khoebo

Kazakhstan, naha ea Asia Bohareng, e na le liwebsaete tse ngata tsa moruo le tsa khoebo tse fanang ka tlhahisoleseling ea bohlokoa bakeng sa likhoebo le batseteli. Liwebsaete tse ling tsa bohlokoa tse nang le li-URL tsa tsona ke tsena: 1. Kazakh Invest (www.invest.gov.kz): Setsi sa mmuso sa ntshetsopele ya matsete se fanang ka lesedi le felletseng mabapi le menyetla ya matsete, mafapha ao ho shebilweng maikutlo a ona, mekgatlo ya lekgetho, le tikoloho ya kgwebo ya Kazakhstan. 2. Setheo sa Naha sa Thepa le Matsete (www.export.gov.kz): E fana ka tshehetso ho barekisi ba kantle ho naha mme e thusa ho hohela matsete a kantle ho naha ka mananeo a fapaneng a shebaneng le diyantle. Webosaete e fana ka bohlale ba 'maraka bo loketseng, lipalo-palo tsa kantle ho naha, almanaka ea liketsahalo tsa khoebo, jj. 3. Kazakh Chamber of Commerce and Industry (www.atameken.kz): Joalo ka mokhatlo o moholo ka ho fetisisa o emelang borakhoebo ba Kazakhstan, ona ke sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa bakeng sa likhoebo tse batlang phihlello ea mebaraka kapa menyetla ea tšebelisano ka har'a naha. E fana ka lits'ebeletso tsa bukana ea khoebo hammoho le khalendara ea liketsahalo le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa bohlokoa. 4. Astana International Financial Center (aifc.kz): E etselitsoe ho nts'etsapele Astana joalo ka setsi sa machaba sa lichelete se kopanyang Asia le Europe le ho thusa ho fapanyetsana moruo oa naha ho feta ho itšetleha ka oli; sethala sena se fana ka menyetla e mengata bakeng sa batseteli ba ratang makala a amanang le lichelete. 5. Lekala la Khoebo le Kopanelo (miti.gov.kz/en): Lekala la 'muso le ikarabellang ho rala maano a khoebo, ho tsamaisa mesebetsi ea khoebo ea kantle ho naha le ntse le sireletsa lithahasello tsa liindasteri tsa lehae ka melaoana e fapaneng; e thusa bahoebi ka tlhahisoleseding e nepahetseng mabapi le melao / melawana e mabapi le thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha. 6. Atameken Union (atameken.org/en): Mokhatlo o shebaneng le nts'etsopele ea li-SME naheng ea Kazakhstan ka ho fana ka lits'ebeletso tsa boeletsi tse amanang le khoebo ho pholletsa le mafapha a mangata: liindasteri tsa temo le tsa ho lokisa lijo li le har'a tsona; sebaka sa marang-rang se na le lisebelisoa / lisebelisoa tse ngata tse bohlokoa bakeng sa beng ba likhoebo/batseteli ka ho tšoanang. 7. KAZAKHSTAN Industrialization Map 2025 (industrializationmap2015.com): Sethala sena se totobatsa libaka tsa bohlokoa tse khethiloeng ke mmuso e le karolo ea leano la ntlafatso ea indasteri ho fihlela 2025; e fana ka lintlha tse mabapi le merero ea matsete, libaka, le likhothatso ho hohela bo-ramatsete. Liwebosaete tsena li fana ka lethathamo le felletseng la tlhaiso-leseling le lisebelisoa tse amanang le menyetla ea matsete, maano a khoebo, leseli la mebaraka le melaoana ea khoebo naheng ea Kazakhstan. Ho eletsoa ho hlahloba sethala se seng le se seng ho ipapisitsoe le litlhoko tse ikhethileng kapa likarolo tsa thahasello bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e nepahetseng.

Liwebosaete tsa lipotso tsa khoebo

Ho na le liwebosaete tse 'maloa tsa lipotso tsa khoebo tse fumanehang Kazakhstan. Tse ling tsa tsona ke tsena hammoho le liaterese tsa sebaka sa bona sa marang-rang: 1. Kazakhstan National Trade Repository (CNTR): Webosaete ena ea semmuso e fana ka lipalo-palo tse felletseng tsa khoebo le tlhahisoleseling mabapi le thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha, thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha, litefiso le melaoana. E laoloa ke Lekala la Trade and Integration. Webosaete: http://www.cntr.kz 2. World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) - Kazakhstan: WITS ke boikitlaetso bo entsoeng ke Banka ea Lefatše bo fanang ka phihlello ho lipalo-palo tsa khoebo ea machaba le data ea litefiso tsa tloaelo. Boitsebiso ba bona bo kenyelletsa lintlha tse qaqileng mabapi le thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling, thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling, balekane ba khoebo le tse ling. Webosaete: https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/KAZ 3. GlobalTrade.net - Kazakhstan Import-Export portal: GlobalTrade.net ke sethala sa marang-rang se thusang lik'hamphani ho fumana menyetla ea khoebo ea machaba. Sebaka sena sa marang-rang se fana ka lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa mabapi le melaoana ea kantle ho naha, litlaleho tsa lipatlisiso tsa mebaraka, liketsahalo tsa khoebo, le likhokahano tse ikhethileng indastering. Webosaete: www.globaltrade.net/expert-guides/country-profile/Kazakhstan/Market-Access 4. Khoebo ea Economics - Kazakhstan Trade Balance: Websaeteng ena e tsepamisitse maikutlo ho faneng ka matšoao a moruo a tsoang linaheng tse sa tšoaneng ho kenyeletsa le data ea tekanyo ea khoebo bakeng sa Kazakhstan hape. E lumella basebedisi ho hlahloba mekhoa ea histori hammoho le ho sekaseka ponelopele ea thepa le thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha. Webosaete: https://tradingeconomics.com/kazakhstan/balance-of-trade Liwebosaete tsena li ka u thusa ho fumana lintlha tse felletseng mabapi le phallo ea khoebo ea Kazakhstan joalo ka balekane ba eona ba holimo ba khoebo, thepa e ka sehloohong e tsoang kantle ho naha, litefiso tse sebelisoang lihlahisoa kapa makaleng a itseng, hammoho le lipalo tse akaretsang tsa khoebo. Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ho fumaneha ha data ho ka fapana ho ea ka lipolanete tsena ka lebaka la maemo a fapaneng a tlaleho kapa khafetsa ea lintlafatso tse fanoeng ke mehloli e fapaneng. Ka hona, ho khothaletsoa ho tšela mehloli e mengata ha u ntse u etsa lipatlisiso tse amanang le khoebo ea machabeng Kazakhstan

Li-platform tsa B2b

Kazakhstan ke naha e Asia Bohareng mme e na le liforomo tse 'maloa tsa B2B tse sebetsanang le liindasteri tse fapaneng. Mona ke li-platform tsa B2B tse hlahelletseng Kazakhstan hammoho le liaterese tsa bona tsa sebaka sa marang-rang: 1. Alibaba: Sethala sena sa lefatše sa B2B se hokahanya bareki le barekisi ba tsoang liindastering tse fapaneng lefatšeng ka bophara, ho kenyeletsoa le lik'hamphani tse sebetsang Kazakhstan. Websaeteng: www.alibaba.com 2. TradeKey: TradeKey ke 'maraka oa machaba oa B2B o tsamaisang khoebo lipakeng tsa barekisi ba kantle ho naha le ba tsoang kantle ho naha ho pota lefatše, ho kenyeletsoa le likhoebo tsa Kazakhstan. Websaeteng: www.tradekey.com 3. EC21: Sethala sena se fana ka mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea lihlahisoa le litšebeletso bakeng sa bareki le barekisi lefatšeng ka bophara, e hokahanyang likhoebo tse sebetsang Kazakhstan le bao e ka bang balekane lefatšeng ka bophara. Websaeteng: www.ec21.com 4. Mehloli ea Lefatše: Mehloli ea Lefatše e fana ka mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea litharollo ka 'maraka oa eona oa Marang-rang, e tsamaisang khoebo pakeng tsa bareki le barekisi lefatšeng ka bophara, ho kenyeletsoa le ba lulang Kazakhstan. Webosaete: www.globalsources.com 5. Made-in-China.com: Joaloka e 'ngoe ea li-platform tsa B2B tse ka sehloohong tsa Chaena, Made-in-China.com e kopanya lik'hamphani tsa Kazakhstani le bafani ba tsoang Chaena ho pholletsa le liindasteri tse ngata. Websaeteng: www.made-in-china.com 6. HKTDC (Hong Kong Trade Development Council): HKTDC e na le sethala sa marang-rang sa ho fumana khoebo ho ea khoebong se hokahanyang borakhoebo ba Kazakhstani ho bafani ba thepa ba boleng ba Hong Kong le libakeng tse ling lefatšeng ka bophara. Websaeteng: www.hktdc.com 7. ECVV (Made-in-China): ECVV ke sethala se seng se hlaheletseng sa Sechaena sa B2B se fanang ka lits'ebeletso tsa khoebo tsa lefats'e bakeng sa lik'hamphani tse thehiloeng linaheng tse kang Kazakhstan. Webosaete: en.ecvv.co.kr. 8.MachineryZone – 专注于工程、建筑和农业行业的平台。链接:www.machineryzone.cn/ 這些是 Kazakhstan的一些知名的B2B平台,可以帮助当地企业与内外潜在合作伙伴建立联系,七进远远远台进远远台进远远远远远远远远远远远台话。的网址可能会有变化,请查证后使用.
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