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Nyika Overview
Kazakhstan, inozivikanwa zviri pamutemo seRepublic of Kazakhstan, inyika yeCentral Asia yakaganhurwa neRussia kuchamhembe nekumadokero, China kumabvazuva, Kyrgyzstan neUzbekistan kumaodzanyemba, uye Turkmenistan kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero. Iine nzvimbo yepasi inosvika 2.72 miriyoni square kilometres (1.05 miriyoni masikweya mamaira), ndiyo nyika yechipfumbamwe pakukura pasirese. Guta guru reKazakhstan ndiNur-Sultan, yaimbozivikanwa seAstana kusvika 2019 payakatumidzwa zita mushure mekutanga Mutungamiriri Nursultan Nazarbayev. Guta guru muKazakhstan, zvisinei, iAlmaty. Kazakhstan ine nzvimbo yakasiyana-siyana ine materu akakura anoita zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvenharaunda yayo. Inosanganisirawo makomo akadai seAltai neTian Shan nharaunda kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Nyika inosangana nemamiriro ekunze emukondinendi akanyanya kutonhora nekupisa uye kutonhora kwakanyanya. Iine vanhu vanosvika mamirioni gumi nepfumbamwe, Kazakhstan ine huwandu hwevanhu hunosanganisira kunyanya vedzinza reKazakhs pamwe nevashoma veRussia. Mutauro wepamutemo ndiKazakh asi chiRussia chinoramba chichitaurwa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvinosanganisira bhizinesi nehurumende. Hupfumi hweKazakhstan hunotsamira zvakanyanya pane zvakapfuma zviwanikwa zvakaita semafuta, gasi, marasha uye zvicherwa zvakaita seuranium nemhangura. Ndiyo imwe yevanotungamira pasi rose vagadziri vezviwanikwa izvi izvo zvinobatsira zvakanyanya mukukura kwayo kweGDP. Mumakore achangopfuura, kuyedza kusiyanisa hupfumi hwayo kuburikidza nekusimudzira maindasitiri kusanganisira tekinoroji innovation hubs. Kazakhstan yakawana rusununguko kubva kuSoviet Union muna 1991 uye kubvira ipapo yakatevera mitemo yakanangana nekugadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika uye kukura kwehupfumi izvo zvakwezva mari dzekunze. Inochengetedza hukama hwehushamwari nenyika dzakavakidzana ichitora chikamu mumasangano epasi rose anosanganisira Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) neShanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). Yakapfuma mutsika, Kazakhstan inopemberera tsika dzechinyakare seNauryz Meyrami (Gore Nyowani) uye Kurban Ait (mabiko pakarepo mushure meHajj). Mimhanzi yechinyakare nemitambo yakaita seKokpar (mutambo wakatasva bhiza) inoratidza tsika yenyika. Mukupedzisa, Kazakhstan inyika yakakura uye yakasiyana yeCentral Asia inozivikanwa nekuda kwezviwanikwa zvayo, hupfumi huri kukurumidza kusimukira, uye kuedza kuita zvechimanjemanje. Inoramba ichiedza kuzvigadzirira ramangwana rakabudirira uku ichichengetedza hupfumi hwayo hwetsika.
Mari Yenyika
Kazakhstan inyika iri muCentral Asia nemari yayo, inonzi Kazakhstani tenge (KZT). Tenge yanga iri mari yepamutemo yeKazakhstan kubvira 1993 payakatsiva Soviet ruble. Kubva pari zvino, dhora rimwe rekuAmerica rakaenzana ne426 KZT. Mari yekuchinjana inogona kuchinjika zvichienderana neakasiyana ehupfumi zvinhu. Mari iyi inouya mumasangano emabhengi nemari. Mabhengi anowanikwa mumasangano e200, 1,000, 2,000, 5,000, uye 10,000 tenge. Mari inowanikwa mumasangano madiki senge 1 tenge uye kumusoro kusvika ku500 tenge. Nepo mamwe mabhizinesi achibvuma mari dzekunze semadhora ekuUS kana maeuro kune kumwe kutengeserana, zvinokurudzirwa kuve nemari yemuno iripo yekushandisa zuva nezuva muKazakhstan. Mamiriro emari muKazakhstan agara akagadzikana mumakore mashoma apfuura. Nekudaro, vafambi vanoshanya kana kugara kwenguva refu vanofanirwa kugara vachigadziridzwa nechero budiriro inogona kukanganisa mitengo yekuchinjana kana mirau ine chekuita nekutsinhana kwemari. Zvakakosha kungwarira pakuchinjana mari uye kuona kuti unozviita kumabhanga ane mvumo kana masevhisi ekuchinjana ane mukurumbira kudzivirira hutsotsi hungangoitika kana mabhiri emanyepo. Pakazere, kuve nekunzwisisa kweKazakhstani tenge uye chimiro chayo chazvino kuchabatsira vashanyi kufamba munzira dzemari pavanenge vachifamba muKazakhstan zvakanaka.
Exchange Rate
Mari yepamutemo yeKazakhstan iKazakhstani tenge (KZT). Kana iri yekufungidzira mitengo yekuchinjana, ndapota cherechedza kuti inogona kuchinjika uye inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nekwakabva uye nenguva. Heano mamwe ekufungidzira mitengo yekuchinja kubva muna Gumiguru 2021: - 1 USD (Dhora reUnited States) ≈ 434 KZT - 1 EUR (Euro) ≈ 510 KZT - 1 GBP (British Pound) ≈ 594 KZT - 1 JPY (Yen yeJapan) ≈ 3.9 KZT Ndapota yeuka kuti mareti aya ndeezvinangwa zveruzivo chete uye anogona kusiyana chero nguva. Kuti uwane-ku-kusvika-yemazuva uye chaiyo mitengo yekuchinjana, zvinokurudzirwa kubvunza yakavimbika sangano rezvemari kana kushandisa online currency shanduko chishandiso.
Mazororo Akakosha
Kazakhstan, iri muCentral Asia, inopemberera mazororo akati wandei gore rose. Imwe yemitambo yakakosha ndeye Nauryz Meyrami, inozivikanwawo seMutambo weChirimo. Iri zororo rekare rinoratidza kutanga kwechirimo uye rinopembererwa musi waKurume 22 gore rega rega. Nauryz Meyrami mhemberero inofadza uye ine simba yakadzika midzi muKazakh tsika netsika. Inofananidzira kubatana, kuvandudzwa, uye mavambo matsva. Pamutambo uyu, vanhu vanopfeka zvipfeko zvechinyakare uye kupinda mumitambo yakasiyana-siyana yetsika nemagariro. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zveNauryz Meyrami kumisa musha weyurt umo vanhu vanogona kuwana hupenyu hwekutama. Mitambo yechivanhu yakaita se "Kokpar," mutambo wekukweva bhiza wakafanana nepolo asi uchitamba nechitunha chembudzi pachinzvimbo chebhora, inorongwa panguva iyi. Mhuri dzinouya pamwe chete kuti dzifarire mabiko nemidziyo yechinyakare yakadai se "beshbarmak" (ndiro yenyama inopihwa ma noodles). Imwe zororo rinokosha muKazakhstan iZuva Rokukunda, rinopembererwa musi wa9 May gore negore. Zuva iri rinorangarira Kukunda paNazi Germany muHondo Yenyika II uye rinokudza vese vakarwa hondo vakarwira rusununguko munguva yehondo. Mhemberero idzi dzinosanganisira kufora kwemauto, kuratidzwa kwemafirework, mhemberero dzekuisa maruva pazviyeuchidzo zvehondo, nemakonzati ane nziyo dzekuda nyika. Zvakare, "Rukhani Zhangyru" kana kuti Spiritual Modernization Day inofanirwa kutaurwa nezvayo sezvo yakaunzwa nguva pfupi yadarika kusimudzira kukura pamweya pakati pevagari pakati pekuedza kwechizvino-zvino kwakaitwa nehurumende yeKazakhstan. Mhemberero idzi dzinoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza tsika dzeKazakh nekuratidzira tsika dzechinyakare dzakapfuudzwa kuburikidza nezvizvarwa nekukudza zviitiko zvakakosha zvenhoroondo izvo zvakaumba Kazakhstan mune zvayave nhasi.
Foreign Trade Situation
Kazakhstan inyika yakavharirwa nyika muCentral Asia inozivikanwa nekupfuma kwayo zviwanikwa, kunyanya musimba nekurima. Nyika yave ichiita zvekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika, kutengesa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana. Zvinhu zvikuru zveKazakhstan zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvinosanganisira oiri negesi, simbi (semhangura, aluminium, uye zinc), makemikari, muchina uye midziyo yemagetsi. Nyika ndiyo inogadzira oiri hombe muCentral Asia uye ine matura makuru egasi chaiwo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mafuta emamineral anoverengera chikamu chakakosha cheKazakhstan inotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Pamusoro pezviwanikwa zvesimba, Kazakhstan zvakare inotumira kunze zvigadzirwa zvekurima segorosi, bhari, donje, michero nemiriwo. Nyika ine ivhu rekurima rakaorera rinoita kuti kurimwa zvirimwa zvemhando yepamusoro. Izvi zvekurima zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvinopa mukana wekutengeserana weKazakhstan nekuita mari kubva kumisika yepasirese. Kunyange hazvo nyika ichinyanya kuvimba nekutengesa zvinhu kunze kwenyika kuti hupfumi hwenyika husimukire, inotengawo zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana zvinosanganisira michina nemidziyo, motokari (kunyanya mota), mishonga nevatengi. Kazakhstan inonyanya kutengeserana inodyidzana inosanganisira Russia - iyo inogovana nayo hukama hwepedyo hwehupfumi nekuda kwezvikonzero zvenhoroondo - China, Italy Germany neFrance. Nyika idzi dzinopinza zviwanikwa zvesimba pamwe nezvimwe zvemuKazakh. Kufambisa zviitiko zvekutengeserana zvinosimudzira kukura kwehupfumi munyika nekunze, hurumende yeKazakhstan yatora matanho sekusaina zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana pachena nenyika dzinoverengeka dzinosanganisira Turkey, Eurasian Economic Union, uye kutora chikamu nesimba mumasangano ematunhu akaita seShanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). Pamwe chete, Kazakhstan ine basa rinoshanda mukutengeserana kwepasirese nekushandisa mari pazviwanikwa zvayo zvakawanda pamwe chete nekusiyanisa hupfumi hwayo kunze kwenyika. Nekuenderera mberi nekuedza kuvhura mikana mitsva, ndinotarisira kuti Kazakhstan icharamba ichisimudzira chinzvimbo chayo mumisika yepasirese.
Kubudirira Kwemusika
Kazakhstan, iri kuCentral Asia, ine mukana wakakura wekusimudzira musika wekutengesa kunze. Chekutanga, nyika ine zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvakaita seoiri, gasi, nezvicherwa. Kuwanda kwezviwanikwa uku kunopa mikana yekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika dzekutengeserana nekudyara. Pamusoro pezvo, Kazakhstan inogovera miganhu nenyika dzakawanda dzinosanganisira China neRussia. Uhu hupfumi hwakavakidzana hunopa mukana kumisika mikuru yevatengi uye hunoshanda senzira dzekufambisa dzekutengeserana pakati peEurope neAsia. Nzvimbo yenyika yakatarisana neMugwagwa wekare weSirika inosimudzira chinzvimbo chayo senzvimbo yekutengeserana kwedunhu. Zvakare, Kazakhstan yanga ichishanda mukumisikidza mamiriro ebhizinesi akanaka kukwezva vatengesi vekunze. Hurumende yakaita shanduko dzakasiyana siyana dzakanangana nekuvandudza kureruka kwekuita bhizinesi nekurerutsa maitirwo ekutonga nekusimudzira kuchengetedzwa kwemutemo. Kuedza uku kwakakonzera kuwedzera kwekudyara kwekunze kwekunze. Mumakore achangopfuura, Kazakhstan yakasiyanisa hupfumi hwayo kubva pakutsamira pamari yemafuta nekutarisa zvikamu zvakaita sekurima, kugadzira, zvinhu, kushanya, uye simba rinogoneka. Iyi nzira yekusiyanisa inopa mikana kune mabhizinesi epasi rese ari kutsvaga kupinda kana kuwedzera huvepo hwavo mumaindasitiri ari kukura aya. Uyezve, Kazakhstan inhengo yemasangano akasiyana ematunhu akadai seEurasian Economic Union (EAEU) neShanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). Nhengo idzi dzinofambisa hukama hwekutengeserana nenyika dzakavakidzana dzichipawo mukana kune zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zvakasarudzwa nenyika dziri nhengo. Chekupedzisira asi chakakosha, hurumende yeKazakh inoshingairira kukurudzira kukura-kunotungamirwa nekukura kuburikidza nematanho akaita se "Digital Kazakhstan" chirongwa chinotsvaga kuvandudza dhijitari ecosystem inobatsira kukwikwidza kwehupfumi. Pakazere, zviwanikwa zveKazakhstan zvakakura zvakasanganiswa nenzvimbo yayo yakanaka inoita kuti ive nzvimbo inoyevedza yekudyara kutengeserana kunze kwenyika. Kuzvipira kwehurumende kuvandudza mamiriro ebhizinesi kunowedzera simba rayo semusika uri kusimukira wemakambani epasi rese ari kutsvaga mikana mitsva muCentral Asia.
Zvigadzirwa zvinopisa zvinotengeswa pamusika
Kuti usarudze zvigadzirwa zvakakurumbira zvemusika wekunze wekutengesa muKazakhstan, zvakakosha kufunga nezvehupfumi hwenyika, tsika, uye vatengi zvinhu. Matanho anotevera anogona kubatsira nemaitiro ekusarudza chigadzirwa: 1. Kuongorora kwemusika: Ita ongororo yakakwana yemusika weKazakhstani kuti uone akasiyana maitiro uye zvinodiwa. Nzwisisa simba rekutenga revatengi, zvavanoda, uye mararamiro. 2. Ziva zvikamu zvekukura: Ziva zvikamu zvakakosha zvekukura muhupfumi hweKazakhstan zvakaita sekuvaka, simba, kurima, kufambiswa kwemashoko, uye kushanya. Tarisa pakusarudza zvigadzirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nezvikamu izvi. 3. Mafungiro etsika: Funga nezvetsika nemagariro paunenge uchisarudza zvigadzirwa zveKazakhstan. Remekedza tsika nemagariro enzvimbo yako pakusarudza zvinhu zvingangofarirwa nevatengi. 4. Tsvakurudzo yemakwikwi: Tsvakurudza vakwikwidzi veko vagara vachishanda zvinobudirira mumusika wekutengesa wekunze weKazakhstan. Ziva zvigadzirwa zvavo zvinopihwa uye edza kutsvaga mapundu kana mikana iyo yako yakasarudzika zvigadzirwa zvinogona kubudirira. 5. Kuvimbiswa kwehutano: Iva nechokwadi chokuti zvigadzirwa zvakasarudzwa zvinosangana nepamusoro-soro mitemo inogamuchirwa mumisika yepasi rose uye mitemo yeKazakhstani yekutenga kunze. 6. Kukwikwidzana kwemitengo: Funga nezvemaitiro emitengo paunosarudza zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa kunze kwenyika kuti urambe uchikwikwidza mumusika weKazakhstani pasina kukanganisa pamhando. 7. Maitiro ekugadzirisa: Ongorora sarudzo dzekugadzirisa zvigadzirwa zvakasarudzwa zvakanangana nezvinodiwa nevatengi veKazakhstani kana zvavanofarira pasina kusandura maitiro azvo makuru zvakanyanya. 8.Kuongororwa runyorwa rwezvinhu zvinorambidzwa: Nyoresa kunzwisiswa kwezvinhu zvinorambidzwa nekutarisa masangano anodzora sewebhusaiti yeCustoms Union kana chero sangano rehurumende rakakodzera usati wafunga kuti zvinhu zvipi zvaunoda kuendesa kunze / kunze kweKazakhstan. 9.Logistics zvinodiwa: Funga nezvezvimiro zvinosanganisira mari yekufambisa inosanganisirwa mukutumira zvinhu kubva kunyika yako kuenda kuKazakhstan uchisarudza zvinhu zvakakodzera zvekutengeserana kunze kwenyika. 10.Kudyidzana kwePartner:Simbisa mikana yako yekubudirira nekubatana nevashambadzi vemunharaunda kana vamiririri vane ruzivo rwakanaka rwemisika yemudunhu sezvo vachigona kupa ruzivo rwakakosha maererano nesarudzo dzakakurumbira pakati pevatengi vanovimbisa kuisirwa kwakabudirira kwezvinhu zvakasarudzwa. 11.Mazano ekutengesa: Gadzira nzira dzekutengesa dzinoshanda dzakagadzirirwa kumusika weKazakhstani. Simbisa iyo yakasarudzika maficha uye mabhenefiti ezvakasarudzwa zvigadzirwa kukwezva vangangove vatengi. Nekutevera nhanho idzi, unogona kuita sarudzo ine ruzivo nezve yakakurumbira chigadzirwa kusarudzwa kwekutengesa kunze kwenyika muKazakhstan, uchiwedzera mikana yako yekubudirira mumusika uyu.
Mutengi maitiro uye taboo
Kazakhstan, inozivikanwa zviri pamutemo seRepublic of Kazakhstan, inyika yakakomberedzwa nenyika iri muCentral Asia. Nehuwandu hwakasiyana-siyana uye hupfumi hwetsika nhaka, Kazakhstan inoratidza yakasarudzika hunhu hwevatengi. Chimwe chinhu chinozivikanwa nevatengi muKazakhstan ipfungwa yavo yakasimba yekugamuchira vaeni. Kazakhs vanozivikanwa nekudziya kwavo uye kugamuchira hunhu kune vaenzi. Paunenge uchiita bhizinesi kana kudyidzana nevatengi munyika ino, zvakakosha kudzorera mutsa uyu nekuratidza rukudzo nekutenda tsika dzavo. Chimwe chinocherechedzwa nevatengi hunhu muKazakhstan ikuda kwavo hukama hwevanhu uye kutarisana kumeso. Kuvaka kuvimbana kuburikidza nekubatana nemunhu kwakakosha pakuita bhizinesi munyika ino. Kungava kuchenjera kushandisa nguva mukusimbisa ukama nokupinda kuungana kwokutandara kana kukoka vatengi kuzodya kunze kwenzvimbo yebasa. Panyaya yetaboos kana tsika sensitivities, pane mashoma ayo munhu anofanirwa kuziva kana achibata nevatengi vanobva kuKazakhstan. Chekutanga, zvakakosha kuti tisakurukure nyaya dzinonetsa dzakaita sezvematongerwo enyika kana zvechitendero kunze kwekunge rimwe bato razviunza ivo pachavo. Zvidzidzo izvi zvinowanzoita kukakavara uye zvinogona kutungamirira kumamiriro ezvinhu asina kugadzikana. Uyezve, kubata nguva kunokosheswa zvikuru mutsika dzechiKazakh; saka, kusvika nenguva yemisangano nekugadzwa kwakakosha pakuchengetedza kuvimbika kwehunyanzvi. Kunonoka pasina kupa ruregerero rwechokwadi kunogona kukanganisa hukama hwebhizinesi. Uyezve, zvakakosha kuti upfeke zvine mwero paunosangana nevatengi kana kuenda kuzviitiko zvepamutemo muKazakhstan. Ikoku kunoreva kudzivisa zvipfeko zvinoratidzira ganda rakawandisa kana kuti zvipfeko zvisina kufanira zvingarangarirwa sokuzvidza tsika dzomunzvimbomo. Pakazere, kunzwisisa hunhu hwevatengi uye kunzwisiswa kwetsika kweKazakhstan kunogona kusimudzira zvakanyanya kubudirira kwebhizinesi mukati menyika. Nekuratidza ruremekedzo kutsika dzechivanhu, kuvaka hukama hwehukama hwakavakirwa pakuvimba, kudzivirira misoro yakaoma panguva yekukurukurirana uye kuremekedza tsika dzepanzvimbo maererano nekuchengeta nguva uye kupfeka zvakakodzera zvichabatsira kune zvakanaka zviitiko zvebhizinesi nevatengi veKazakhstani.
Customs management system
Kazakhstan inyika yakakomberedzwa nenyika muCentral Asia ine yakasarudzika tsika uye immigration system munzvimbo kumiganhu yayo. Heano zvimwe zvakakosha zveKazakhstan's tsika manejimendi system uye zvimwe zvakakosha zvevafambi: Customs Management System: 1. Kutamira kune dzimwe nyika: Pakusvika, vashanyi vose vanofanira kuratidza pasipoti yakakodzera ine mwedzi mitanhatu yekushanda kwasara. Visa inogona kudiwa, zvichienderana nerudzi rwemufambi. Vashanyi vanofanirwa kuzadza fomu rekupinda munyika, iro richadhindwa nevakuru vebhodha. 2. Customs Declaration: Vafambi vanodikanirwa kuzadza fomu rekuzivisa nezvetsika, richiratidza zvinhu zvipi nezvipi zvavari kuuya nazvo munyika zvinodarika miripo isingabhadharwi kana zvinhu zvinorambidzwa/zvinorambidzwa (zvakadai sepfuti kana kuti zvinodhaka). Zvinokurudzirwa kuchengeta fomu iri kusvika pakusimuka sezvaringakumbirwa nevakuru vecustom. 3. Chiziviso chemari: Hapana kurambidzwa pahuwandu hwemari inogona kuunzwa muKazakhstan; zvisinei, mari inodarika $10,000 (kana kuti yakaenzana) inofanira kuziviswa pakusvika kana kuenda. 4. Mvumo Yemahara: Muripo wemahara wezvinhu zvemunhu zvakadai sembatya nemagetsi kazhinji une musoro; zvisinei, zvirambidzo zvinogona kushanda kune zvimwe zvigadzirwa sedoro nefodya. Zvinokosha Zvinotarisirwa: 1. Zvinhu Zvisingabvumirwi: Kazakhstan ine mitemo yakasimba ine chekuita nekupinza/kutumira kunze kwenyika zvinhu zvakadai sezvinodhaka/zvinodhaka, pfuti, zvombo, zvetsika pasina magwaro akakodzera/zvibvumirano, nezvimwewo. Zvakakosha kuti uzvizive nemitemo iyi usati waenda kuti udzivise. zvirango kana nyaya dzemutemo. 2. Zvinhu Zvinodzorwa: Kuva kana kushandisa zvinodhaka/narcotics muKazakhstan kunorambidzwa zvachose uye kunotakura mibairo yakakomba kusanganisira kupfigirwa mujeri. 3. Zvigadzirwa zveMhuka/Kurambidzwa Kwekudya: Kupinza zvimwe zvinhu zvekudya zvakaita semichero mitsva/muriwo kana zvigadzirwa zvemhuka zvakaita senyama/mukaka zvingada mamwe mvumo/zvinyorwa nekuda kwemitemo yehutsanana inotevedzwa nezviremera. 4.Travel Documents / Documents Verification : Chengetedza magwaro ako ekufambisa akachengeteka pamwe chete nemavhiza ekupinda anodiwa panguva yekugara kwako muKazakhstan. Takura kopi yepasipoti yako uye magwaro ekufambisa nguva dzese. Ita shuwa yekupa ruzivo rwakakwana kuvakuru vezvekubuda kwevanhu munyika, sezvo mutsauko pakati peruzivo rwakapihwa uye zvinyorwa chaizvo zvinogona kusimudza kunetseka. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uite tsvakiridzo yakakwana uye kugara uchigadziridzwa neazvino mirau uye zvinodiwa usati waenda kuKazakhstan. Kutevedzera mitemo yetsika kunovimbisa kupinda munyika zvakanaka pasina nyaya dzemutemo kana matambudziko.
Mitemo yemitero kubva kunze
Kazakhstan, kuve nhengo yeEurasian Economic Union (EAEU), inotevera mutemo wakafanana wemitero wekunze wezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. EAEU inosanganisira nyika dzakaita seRussia, Belarus, Armenia, neKyrgyzstan. Zvinoenderana nemirairo yeEAEU, Kazakhstan inoshandisa hurongwa hwemitero yetsika yezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Mitengo yemitero muKazakhstan inosiyana zvichienderana nekuiswa kwezvigadzirwa mumapoka akasiyana. Semuenzaniso, zvinhu zvakakosha zvakadai sechikafu nemishonga zvinowanzova nemitero yakaderera kubva kunze kwenyika kana kuti hazvibhadharwi mutero zvachose. Kune rimwe divi, zvinhu zveumbozha kana zvinhu zvinoonekwa sezvisina kukosha zvinogona kukwezva mitero yakakwirira. Kazhinji, Kazakhstan yakaisa imwe chiyero chechiyero apo mutero wekunze unobhadhariswa zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu akadai sehuremu kana huwandu hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvine mareti akasiyana emitero anogona kubva pa0% kusvika pazvikamu zvepamusoro. Uyezve, panogona kunge paine mimwe mitero nemiripo inoshandiswa kune zvimwe zvinhu zvinoenderana nemutemo wenyika. Semuenzaniso, mutero wekunze unogona kubhadhariswa kune mamwe marudzi ezvinwiwa zvinodhaka uye zvigadzirwa zvefodya kuti usanyanya kunwiwa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti Kazakhstan inopota ichigadzirisa mitero yayo zvichienderana neakasiyana mamiriro ehupfumi kana zvibvumirano nenyika dzakavakidzana mukati meiyo EAEU chimiro. Kuti uone kuti ndeipi mitoro yekunze inodiwa kune chimwe chigadzirwa muKazakhstan, zvinokurudzirwa kubvunza kune zviri pamutemo zviremera zveKazakhstani Customs kana vanachipangamazano vezvekutengeserana vane hunyanzvi mumitemo yekutengeserana pasi rose mukati meCentral Asia.
Export mutero mitemo
Kazakhstan, iri kuCentral Asia, ine mutemo wakanyatsotsanangurwa wemutero wezvinhu zvayo zvekutengesa kunze. Nyika yakatora matanho akasiyana ekukurudzira nekutsigira chikamu chayo chekutengesa kunze. Chekutanga, Kazakhstan inoshandisa mutero-wakawedzerwa mutero (VAT) pazvinhu zviri kutengeswa kunze kwenyika. Zvakadaro, mutero uyu unowanzo iswa pazero rate yezvimwe zvinhu zvakatarwa sezvisiri-mutero zvekushandisa kune kunze kwenyika. Izvi zvinobatsira mukusimudzira kukwikwidza kwezvigadzirwa zveKazakhstani mumisika yepasi rose nekudzikisa mutengo wazvo wese. Pamusoro pezvo, nyika inopa kuregererwa kwakakosha pamitero yetsika yezvinhu zvakasarudzwa kunze kwenyika. Kuregererwa uku kunonangana nekukurudzira kugadzirwa uye kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwezvimwe zvinhu zvinoonekwa zvakakosha kana zvine mukana wekukura zvakanyanya. Rondedzero yezvakaregererwa inoongororwa nguva nenguva uye inovandudzwa zvichienderana nemamiriro emusika uye zvinokosheswa nenyika. Zvakare, Kazakhstan yakasaina zvibvumirano zvakawanda zvekutengeserana nenyika dzakasiyana uye mabhuroki ematunhu kufambisa kuyerera kwekutengeserana uye kuderedza zvipingamupinyi zvekutengeserana. Zvibvumirano izvi zvinowanzo sanganisira zvisungo zvine chekuita nekudzikiswa kwemitero kana kubviswa pazvikamu zvezvigadzirwa zvakatemwa mukati menguva dzakabvumiranwa. Zvakare, Hurumende inopa rutsigiro rwemari kune vanotengesa kunze kwenyika kuburikidza nezvirongwa zvakasiyana zvakaita semagrants, zvikwereti, zvirongwa zveinishuwarenzi, uye garandi. Matanho aya anobatsira kuderedza njodzi dzemari dzine chekuita nekutengesa kunze kwenyika uye kuwedzera chivimbo pakati pevanotengesa kunze. Chekupedzisira asi chakakosha, Kazakhstan yakamisa nzvimbo dzakakosha dzehupfumi (SEZs) munyika yese kukwezva mari yemukati neyekunze mumaindasitiri akatarwa. MaSEZ anowanzo kupa mamwe ekurudziro yemutero sekudzikiswa kwemitero yemutero wekambani kana kusunungurwa zvachose kubva kune mimwe mitero yemabhizinesi anokodzera anoshanda mukati menzvimbo idzi. Mukupedzisa, mutemo wemutero wekutengesa kunze weKazakhstan unosanganisira musanganiswa we zero-yakatemerwa VAT yezvimwe zvigadzirwa pamwe nekusabvisa mutero wecustoms wakanangana nezvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha zvine hunyanzvi mukukura kwehupfumi. Zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zvinowedzera kuwedzera mikana yekuwana misika ukuwo zvirongwa zvehurumende zvekutsigira mari zvine chinangwa chekudzikisa njodzi dzine chekuita nekutengesa kunze kwenyika. Pakazere matanho aya anobatsira mukugadzira nharaunda inogonesa kusimudzira kutengesa kunze kwenyika kubva kuKazakhstan.
Zvitupa zvinodiwa pakutengesa kunze
Kazakhstan inyika iri muCentral Asia, inozivikanwa nehukuru hwayo hwezviwanikwa uye nzvimbo ine hunyanzvi. Semutengesi mukuru kunze kwenyika, nyika yakamisa hurongwa hunoshanda kuti ive nechokwadi chemhando uye huchokwadi hwekutengesa kwayo kunze kwenyika kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana dzekupa zvitupa. Imwe yemasitifiketi makuru ekutumira kunze kubva kuKazakhstan iSitifiketi Yekutanga (CO). Gwaro iri rinosimbisa kuti zvinhu zvinogadzirwa kana kugadziriswa muKazakhstan zvinosangana nemaitiro akatarwa nezvibvumirano zvekutengeserana kwenyika dzese. CO inopa humbowo hwekuti zvigadzirwa zvinobva munyika ino, izvo zvinogona kubatsira vanopinda munyika kuti vatore mabatirwo akasarudzika kana mabhenefiti pasi pezvibvumirano zvekutengeserana seGSP (Generalized System of Preferences). Zvakare, Kazakhstan zvakare inotevera zviyero zvepasi rose pamhando yechigadzirwa uye kuchengetedzeka. Vatengesi vekunze vanofanirwa kuwana zvitupa zvakakodzera se ISO 9001 (Quality Management Systems) uye ISO 22000 (Food Safety Management Systems) kuti ive nechokwadi chekuteedzera zviyero zvepasi rose. Izvi zvitupa zvinozivikanwa pasi rese uye zvinobatsira kuvaka kuvimbana pakati pevanogona kutenga. Pamusoro pezvitupa izvi, Kazakhstan inoshandisawo mirau yemamwe marudzi echigadzirwa. Semuenzaniso, zvinhu zvekurima zvinoda zvitupa zvephytosanitary kuratidza kutevedzera mitemo yehutano hwezvirimwa. Saizvozvo, makemikari uye zvinhu zvine njodzi zvinoda Safety Data Sheets (SDS) inotsanangura kuumbwa kwavo, mirairo yekubata, uye njodzi dzinogona kuitika. Kufambisira mberi kutengesa kunze kwenyika, zviremera zveKazakhstani zvinopa rubatsiro kuburikidza nemasangano akaita seKazakh Invest - kambani yenyika yekusimudzira mari - iyo inopa masevhisi ekutsigira akazara kusanganisira ruzivo rwezvinoda kunze kwenyika, data rekutsvagisa musika rinoita kuti vanhu vawanikwe kumisika yekunze. Pakazere, Kazakhstan inokoshesa kuve nechokwadi chekuti zviyero zvetifiketi zvekunze zvinosangana kune hukama hwekutengeserana pasi rose uku ichikurudzira mikana yekudyara mukati menyika. Mukupedzisa, Kazakhstan's export certification procedures inoenderana nezvitupa zvekwakabva sehumbowo hwezvigadzirwa zvinobva kuKazakhstan.Pamusoro pazvo, Kazakhstan inonyatso tevedza miitiro inopindirana pasi rose.Vane mirairo yakasiyana inodzora chikamu chega chega; zvigadzirwa zvekurima, zvinoda phytosanitary zvitupa nepo makemikari zvinhu zvinoda SDS. Facilitation masangano anobatsira vatengesi vanopa kunze data remusika, mikana yekudyara uye kutenderera kweruzivo rwunodiwa kunze kwenyika.
Recommended logistics
Kazakhstan ndiyo nyika hombe pasi rose yakavharwa nevhu, iri muCentral Asia. Iyo ine yakarongeka yenzvimbo, inobatanidza Europe neAsia, ichiita iyo yakakosha hubhu yekutengeserana uye logistics. Heano mamwe anokurudzirwa Logistics masevhisi uye ruzivo nezve Kazakhstan: 1. Ndege: Kazakhstan ine nhandare dzendege dzakawanda dzepasi rose dzakadai seNursultan Nazarbayev International Airport muNur-Sultan (yaimbova Astana) uye Almaty International Airport muAlmaty. Idzi nhandare dzendege dzinopa masevhisi ekutakura zvinhu nendege, kusanganisira kutakura zvinhu nendege kuenda kunzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana. 2. Railways: Kazakhstan ine njanji ine network yakakura inobatanidza nenyika dzakavakidzana dzakaita seChina neRussia. Nyika inoshanda sechikamu chakakosha cheSilk Road Economic Belt chirongwa, kusimudzira kutengeserana kuburikidza nekutakura njanji. 3. Kutakurwa kwemigwagwa: Zvivakwa zvemigwagwa muKazakhstan zvakagadziridzwa, ine network yakakura yemigwagwa inobatanidza matunhu akasiyana mukati menyika nenyika dzakavakidzana. Kutakurwa kwekutakura nemigwagwa kwakapararira kune zvemukati Logistics. 4. Zviteshi zvegungwa: Kunyangwe isiri kuganhurana zvakananga negungwa chero ripi zvaro kana gungwa, Kazakhstan inoshandisa zviteshi zvegungwa paCaspian Sea kutumira kune dzimwe nyika. Aktau Port inzvimbo huru yekutakura zvinhu, inopa chinongedzo kune mamwe maCaspian Sea ports. 5. Maitirwo etsika: Paunenge uchiita mabasa ekunze / kutumira kunze kwenyika muKazakhstan, zvakakosha kuti uzive mitemo yetsika kuti uve nechokwadi chekufambiswa kwakanaka kwezvinhu kuyambuka miganhu. Mapepa akakodzera uye kutevedzera zvinodiwa netsika kunodiwa kuti ushande zvakanaka Logistics mashandiro. 6. Makambani ekutakura zvinhu: Makambani akawanda emuno neekunze kwenyika anoshanda muKazakhstan achipa masevhisi akasiyana-siyana akadai sekutakura zvinhu, zvigadziriso zvekuchengetera zvinhu, rubatsiro rwekubvisa tsika, masisitimu ekufambisa (TMS), kubvunzana nezvekutengesa, nezvimwe. 7.Warehousing zvivakwa: Nzvimbo dzekuchengetera zvinhu dzinowanikwa mumaguta makuru seNur-Sultan (Astana), Almaty, neKaragandy iyo inopa nzvimbo yekuchengetera yezvinangwa zvekutonga kana kuyambuka-docking mashandiro. 8.Logistics mapurojekiti ekuvandudza zvivakwa: Kuti iwedzere kusimudzira kugona kwayo, Kazakhstan yakaita mapurojekiti akasiyana ekuvandudza zvivakwa. Iyo Khorgos Gateway, chiteshi chikuru chakaoma chiri pamuganho neChina, ine chinangwa chekusimudzira kutengeserana kuburikidza nekunatsiridzwa kwekufambisa uye kubata zvivakwa. Aya angori mamwe eakakurudzirwa Logistics masevhisi uye ruzivo nezve Kazakhstan. Sehupfumi huri kukurumidza kukura nekuwedzera zviitiko zvekutengeserana, Kazakhstan inopa mikana yakati wandei yeanoshanda uye anoshanda ekutengesa cheni manejimendi. Izvo zvinokurudzirwa kubvunza nyanzvi dzemuno kana logistic sevhisi vanopa kune zvakati wandei zvinodikanwa paunenge uchishanda ne Logistics muKazakhstan.
Nzira dzekusimudzira mutengi

Zviratidziro zvakakosha zvekutengeserana

Kazakhstan inyika iri kukurumidza kukura muCentral Asia, uye yanga ichikwezva vatengi vakakosha vekunze kuti vatenge nekusimudzira. Nyika inopa nzira dzakasiyana dzekutenga kune dzimwe nyika uye inotora chikamu mune zvakakosha zvekutengeserana kuratidza zvigadzirwa nemasevhisi. Imwe yeakakosha ekunze nzira dzekutenga muKazakhstan ndeye Astana International Financial Center (AIFC). AIFC yakavambwa senzvimbo yezvemari yepasi rose kukwezva mari nekusimudzira zviitiko zvebhizinesi. Inopa chikuva kumakambani ekunze kuti aite network, kuita kudyidzana, uye kuita kutengeserana neKazakhstan. Vazhinji vatengi vepasi rese vanosarudza AIFC nekuda kwemitemo yayo yakanaka, kurudziro yemutero, uye nzvimbo yebhizinesi iri pachena. Imwe nzira yakakosha yekutenga muKazakhstan iri kuburikidza nematenda ehurumende. Hurumende inogara ichizivisa ma tender kumapazi akasiyana akadai sekuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa, mapurojekiti emagetsi, mapurojekiti ekuvaka, zvirongwa zveutano, nezvimwewo. Vatengi vekune dzimwe nyika vanoda kugovera zvinhu kana masevhisi vanogona kutora chikamu mumatenda aya nekuendesa mabhidhi emakwikwi. Kazakhstan inorongawo akati wandei ane mukurumbira kutengeserana anoratidza anoshanda semapuratifomu evatengi vekunze. Expo Astana yakaitwa muna 2017 uye yakakwezva mamirioni evashanyi kubva pasirese. Yakaratidza hunyanzvi kubva kuzvikamu zvakasiyana senge simba, zvivakwa, zvekufambisa, nezvimwe, zvichipa mikana yemabhizinesi kugadzira kudyidzana nemakambani eKazakhstani. Kunze kweExpo Astana, kune mamwe maindasitiri-chaiwo maratidziro akaitwa gore rese ayo anobata kune chaiwo zvikamu zvakaita semafuta & gasi indasitiri (KIOGE), indasitiri yezvicherwa (MiningWorld Central Asia), zvekurima & kugadzira chikafu (AgriTek/FoodTek), nezvimwe. Zviratidziro izvi zvinopa tarisiro yakazara yeakananga maindasitiri mukati meKazakhstan uku achifambisa mikana yekubatanidza pakati pemabhizinesi emuno nevatambi vepasirese. Uyezve, vatengesi vekunze vanowanzotora chikamu mumaforamu akarongwa neanozivikanwa eKazakhstani masangano akadai seAtameken National Chamber of Entrepreneurs kana Foreign Investors Council inotungamirwa neMutungamiriri weKazakhstan pachake iyo inopa imwe nzira yekubatana nevanhu vane simba mukati mebhizinesi renyika. Mumakore achangopfuura, e-commerce yakabuda senzira yakakosha yekutenga kune dzimwe nyika muKazakhstan. Misika yakati wandei yepamhepo yakamiswa kuti ifambise kutengeserana pakati pevatengi nevatengesi. Mapuratifomu akaita seChocotravel, Kaspi, Technodom, uye akawanda akawanda akawana mukurumbira uye anopa huwandu hwakawanda hwezvigadzirwa zvinogona kuwanikwa pasi rese. Pakazere, Kazakhstan inopa nzira dzakasiyana dzekutenga kune dzimwe nyika dzakadai seAIFC, matenda ehurumende, kuratidzira kwekutengesa/zviratidziro, maforamu epamusoro-soro, uye mapuratifomu e-commerce ari kusimukira. Idzi nzira dzinogonesa vatengi vekunze kuti vapinde mumusika uri kukura wenyika uku vachikurudzira kudyidzana nemabhizinesi eKazakhstani muzvikamu zvakasiyana. Cherechedza: Izwi rekuverenga rinopfuura mazwi mazana matanhatu; iyi ndiyo mhinduro inogadzirwa neOpenAI's mutauro modhi yeGPT-3 uye ingangoda kumwe kugadzirisa kuti ikwane mukati memuganho wemavara.
Kune akati wandei anowanzo shandiswa kutsvaga injini muKazakhstan pamwe neavo mawebhusaiti maURL. Idzi injini dzekutsvaga dzinobatsira vashandisi kuwana ruzivo pamisoro yakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira nhau, varaidzo, dzidzo, nezvimwe. Heano mamwe akakurumbira ekutsvaga injini muKazakhstan: 1. Yandex - Yandex ikambani yeRussia yepasi rose inoshandisa injini huru yekutsvaga muRussia uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muKazakhstan zvakare. Inopa mhinduro dzakakodzera dzekutsvaga pamwe nemamwe masevhisi akadai seemail, mepu, uye nhau. Webhusaiti: www.yandex.kz 2. Google - Google ndiyo injini yekutsvaga ine mukurumbira pasi rose uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muKazakhstan. Inopa mhinduro dzechokwadi dzekutsvaga, mepu, masevhisi ekushandura, email (Gmail), kuchengetedza kwegore (Google Drive), uye zvimwe zvakawanda. Webhusaiti: www.google.kz 3. Mail.Ru - Mail.Ru ikambani yeInternet yeRussia inopa mabasa akasiyana-siyana epaIndaneti kusanganisira sarudzo yekutsvaga injini inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muKazakhstan. Inotarisa pakuunza zvemunhu zvemukati zvinopa kune zvaunofarira munhu. Webhusaiti: www.mail.ru 4. Rambler - Rambler imwe yeRussian web portal inopa zvakasiyana-siyana zvemasevhisi epa online sevhisi sevhisi (Rambler Mail), nhau aggregation platform (Rambler News), kuverenga horoscope (Rambler Horoscopes), nezvimwe. Webhusaiti: www.rambler.ru 5. Bing -Kunyangwe isingashandiswe zvakanyanya sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, Bing neMicrosoft inoramba iri imwe nzira yekutsvaga painternet muKazakhstan yevamwe vashandisi. Webhusaiti: www.bing.com Zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti injini dzekutsvaga dzepasirese kana dzedunhu dzinowanzo kuwanikwa kuburikidza neshanduro dzemuno kana nyika-chaiwo madomasi ekuwedzera ruzivo rwevashandisi uye kukosha. Ndapota yeuka kuti ruzivo urwu runogona kuchinja nekufamba kwenguva nekuda kwekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kana kuchinja kwezvido zvevashandisi; saka zvinogara zvichikurudzirwa kuti utarise zvigadziriso zvazvino uchitsvaga ruzivo chairwo uchishandisa chero eaya mapuratifomu.

Mapeji makuru eyero

Kazakhstan, iri kuCentral Asia, inyika ine hupfumi hwakasiyana uye maindasitiri akasiyana. Pazasi pane makuru yero mapeji madhairekitori muKazakhstan pamwe neavo mawebhusaiti: 1. Kazakhtelecom Yellow Pages (www.yellowpages.kz): Iri dhairekitori rinobata maindasitiri akasiyana uye rinopa ruzivo rwemazita kumabhizinesi munyika yose. 2. 2GIS Kazakhstan (www.2gis.kz): Nzvimbo iyi yepawebhusaiti inopa dhairekitori rakakura remabhizinesi nemabasa muKazakhstan, kusanganisira nhamba dzenhare, kero, maawa ekushanda, uye wongororo yevatengi. 3. Allbiz Kazakhstan (kazakhstan.all.biz): Allbiz inzvimbo yemusika yepamhepo inopa mazita emabhizinesi munyika dzakawanda, kusanganisira Kazakhstan. Inopa ruzivo pamusoro pezvikamu zvakasiyana sekurima, kuvaka, zvekufambisa, nezvimwe. 4. Expat.com Business Directory (www.expat.com/en/business/asia/kazakhstan): Expat.com ine dhairekitori rebhizinesi rakatsaurirwa kumakambani anoshanda mumaguta akasiyana eKazakhstan. Zvinosanganisira nhoroondo dzakadzama dzemabhizinesi emuno kubatsira vari kunze kwenyika kuwana zvigadzirwa kana masevhisi akakodzera. 5. Kazakh-British Chamber of Commerce Business Directory (kbcc.org.uk/membership/business-directory): Kazakh-British Chamber of Commerce inochengetedza dhairekitori inoratidza mabhizinesi enhengo dzayo anoshanda muzvikamu zvakasiyana mukati meKazakhstan. 6. UCell Yellow Pages (yellowpages.ucell.by): UCell mumwe wevanopa nharembozha vanotungamira mudunhu iri zvakare inoshandisa online yero mapeji chikuva chinopa ruzivo rwekusangana kumabhizinesi mumaindasitiri ese. 7. Tourister-KZ Business Portal (business.tourister.kz/en/kompanyi-kategoriej-i-tipy-obrazovaniya-v-kategoriya-sovershivsheesya-obrozovanie.html): Nekutarisa kumasangano edzidzo nenzvimbo dzekudzidzisa munyika, Tourister-KZ's bhizinesi portal inonyora zvikoro pamatanho akasiyana pamwe nezvirongwa zvedzidzo zvehunyanzvi zvinowanikwa kuvadzidzi. Aya ndiwo mamwe madhairekitori eyero mapeji muKazakhstan anogona kupa ruzivo rwakakwana nezvemabhizinesi akasiyana siyana, masevhisi, uye masangano edzidzo munyika.

Nzvimbo huru dzekutengeserana

Kazakhstan, seimwe yehupfumi huri kukurumidza kukura muCentral Asia, yaona budiriro yakakura muchikamu chayo che e-commerce. Heano mamwe makuru e-commerce mapuratifomu muKazakhstan pamwe nemawebhusaiti avo: 1. Wildberries.kz: Wildberries inzvimbo yakakurumbira yepaIndaneti inopa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosanganisira zvipfeko, zvemagetsi, zvinhu zvepamba, nezvimwe. Webhusaiti: www.wildberries.kz 2. Lamoda.kz: Lamoda inotengesa fashoni yepamhepo inozivikanwa nekuunganidza kwayo kukuru kwembatya, shangu, uye zvishongedzo zvevarume nevakadzi. Webhusaiti: www.lamoda.kz 3. Kaspi.kz: Kaspi haisi e-commerce chete chikuva asiwo inotungamira yezvemari tekinoroji kambani inopa akasiyana masevhisi edhijitari akadai sekubhadhara kwepamhepo uye mabhengi mhinduro. Webhusaiti: www.kaspi.kz 4. Technodom.kz: Technodom inyanzvi mune zvemagetsi nemidziyo yemumba, ichipa sarudzo yakakura yemafoni, malaptop, maTV, midziyo yemukicheni, nezvimwe. Webhusaiti: www.technodom.kz 5. Chocolife.me/kz: Chocolife ipuratifomu yakakurumbira inotarisa pakupa zvibvumirano uye zvideredzwa zvezvigadzirwa zvakasiyana siyana nemasevhisi anosanganisira zviitiko zvekudyira kumaresitorendi, spa kurapwa, mapakeji ekufambisa nezvimwe. Webhusaiti: www.chocolife.me/kz 6. Gulliver.com : Gulliver inzvimbo yakasimbiswa yemusika inopa mhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa sembatya & zvishongedzo kumagetsi & gadget kubva kune vatengesi vemunharaunda kuenda kune dzimwe nyika mhando. 7.Avito-KZ.avito.ru - Avito-KZ inopa Classified ads kune vanhu kutenga kana kutengesa zvinhu zvitsva kana zvakashandiswa sezvinhu zvemumba kana mota. Iyi ingori mimwe mienzaniso yemapuratifomu e-commerce ane mukurumbira muKazakhstan anobatsira kune zvakasiyana zvinodiwa kubva kufashoni kusvika kune zvemagetsi kusvika kune zvakaderedzwa zvibvumirano pamasevhisi / zvigadzirwa.

Nzvimbo huru dzesocial media

MuKazakhstan, kune akati wandei anozivikanwa social media mapuratifomu ayo vanhu vanoshandisa kubatanidza uye kutaurirana. Heano mamwe eanonyanya kushandiswa pasocial network muKazakhstan: 1. VKontakte (VK): Ndiyo Russian online social media platform iyo inonyanya kufarirwa muKazakhstan. Vashandisi vanogona kugadzira maprofile, kugovera mafoto nemavhidhiyo, kujoinha mapoka, uye meseji vamwe vashandisi. Webhusaiti: https://vk.com/ 2. Odnoklassniki: Yakafanana neVKontakte, Odnoklassniki imwe yeRussia-based social network site inobvumira vashandisi kuwana vaunodzidza navo, kubatanidza neshamwari, kugovera zvinyorwa uye zvinyorwa zvenhau. Webhusaiti: https://ok.ru/ 3. Facebook: Nepo Facebook ichizivikanwa pasi rese senge inotungamira social media chikuva, ine zvakare yakakosha mushandisi base muKazakhstan. Vanhu vanoishandisa kuti vabatane neshamwari, kugovera zvinotumirwa kana zvinyorwa zvekufarira, kujoina mapoka kana zviitiko. Webhusaiti: https://www.facebook.com 4. Instagram: Instagram inofarirwa zvakanyanya pakati pevechidiki veKazakhstani yekugovana mafoto nemavhidhiyo pamwe nemifananidzo kana ma hashtag ekutaura zvine hunyanzvi. Zvinongedzo zvinogona kugovaniswa kune mamwe mapuratifomu emagariro kuti asvike zvakanyanya.Webhusaiti :https://instagram.com 5.Telegiramu:Teregiramu yakawana mukurumbira wakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura sechirongwa chemeseji chakachengeteka uko vashandisi vanogona kutumira mameseji, mapikicha, mavhidhiyo.Kwete yekukurumidza kutumira mameseji app, zvakare inoitisa machaneli nharaunda.Ichibva kunze kweBerlin, inotoita semusika. & tengeserana zvinhu munharaunda.Chinongedzo chewebhusaiti chiri -https//web.telegram.org. 6.Twitter : Twitter inoita basa rinokosha pakati pevechidiki nevanofurira mukuparadzira nhau , maonero , zviitiko nezvimwewo. 7.YouTube: YouTube inoramba yakakurumbira pakati pevashandisi veinternet veKazakhstani pavanoona mavhidhiyo anotumirwa nevanhu kana masangano pasi rese.Zvichakubatsira kana uchitsvaga zvinopfuura zvinyorwa & mapikicha.Vhidhiyo papuratifomu link iri https://www.youtube. .com/ . Aya ndiwo mamwe eanozivikanwa masocial media mapuratifomu anoshandiswa muKazakhstan. Ramba uchifunga kuti kufarirwa kwemapuratifomu aya kunogona kusiyana pakati pemapoka emazera akasiyana kana matunhu mukati menyika.

Masangano makuru eindasitiri

Kazakhstan, iri muCentral Asia, ine akasiyana siyana maindasitiri anotsigirwa neakasiyana masangano ehunyanzvi. Masangano aya anoita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira zvido nebudiriro yezvikamu zvawo. Heano mamwe emasangano makuru eindasitiri muKazakhstan: 1. Kazenergy Association: Sangano iri rinomiririra zvido zveKazakhstan's energy sector, kusanganisira makambani emafuta negasi, makambani anogadzira magetsi, uye vanopa masevhisi. Webhusaiti yavo ndeye https://www.kaenergy.com/. 2. Atameken National Chamber of Entrepreneurs: Atameken inoshanda sesangano reamburera kune akawanda maindasitiri-chaiwo masangano muKazakhstan. Inomiririra zvido zvemabhizinesi madiki uye epakati nepakati muzvikamu zvakasiyana. Unogona kuwana rumwe ruzivo pa https://atameken.kz/. 3. Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs (Union "BI"): Sangano iri rinotarisa kusimudzira zvido zvemabhizimisi nekugadzira mabhizimusi muKazakhstan kuburikidza nekugadzirisa kwakasiyana-siyana uye basa rekukurudzira. Rumwe ruzivo runogona kuwanikwa pa https://bi.kz/en. 4.KAZAKH INVEST - Investment Promotion Agency: KAZAKH INVEST ine chinangwa chekukwezva mari yekunze kuti isiyanise hupfumi hweKazakhstan nekutsigira vanoisa mari mukati merwendo rwavo rwekudyara nemasevhisi akadai sehungwaru hwemusika, kufambisa chirongwa, rutsigiro rwehukama hwehurumende, nezvimwewo. Webhusaiti yavo ndeye http:/ /invest.gov.kz/en/. 5.National Mining Association "Kazakhstan": Inomiririra indasitiri yezvicherwa muKazakhstan kusanganisira makambani ekuwedzera anobatanidzwa nezvicherwa zvakaita semarasha, uranium ore mining mashandiro nezvimwe .. Zvimwe pamusoro pavo pano: http://nma.kz/ 6.National Association for Developmenting Cooperatives (NADC): NADC inotsigira masangano emushandira pamwe anomirira zvikamu zvakawanda sezvekurima, zvitoro zvegirosari, hove nezvimwewo. Webhusaiti yavo is No URL found. Ndokumbira utarise kuti mamwe masangano ehunyanzvi anogona kunge aine mawebhusaiti anongowanikwa mumitauro yeKazakh kana yeRussia nekuda kwekutarisisa kwavo kwenzvimbo kana kuganhurirwa pazviwanikwa zveChirungu.

Bhizinesi nekutengeserana mawebhusaiti

Kazakhstan, nyika yeCentral Asia, ine mawebhusaiti akati wandei ehupfumi uye ekutengeserana anopa ruzivo rwakakosha kune mabhizinesi nevanoisa mari. Heano mamwe mawebhusaiti akakosha ane maURL avo: 1. Kazakh Invest (www.invest.gov.kz): Sangano rehurumende rekusimudzira mari rinopa ruzivo rwakakwana pamusoro pemikana yekudyara, zvikamu zvinotariswa, zvinokurudzira mutero, uye nharaunda yebhizinesi muKazakhstan. 2. National Export and Investment Agency (www.export.gov.kz): Inopa rubatsiro kune vanotengesera kunze kwenyika uye inobatsira kukwezva mari dzekunze kuburikidza nezvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotemerwa kunze kwenyika. Iyo webhusaiti inopa hungwaru hwemusika hwakakodzera, nhamba dzekutumira kunze, khalendari yezviitiko zvekutengesa, nezvimwe. 3. Kazakh Chamber of Commerce and Industry (www.atameken.kz): Sesangano guru rinomiririra vanamuzvinabhizimisi muKazakhstan, iyi inzvimbo yakakosha kumabhizinesi ari kutsvaga kuwana musika kana mikana yekudyidzana mukati menyika. Inopa bhizinesi dhairekitori masevhisi pamwe nemakarenda ezviitiko uye zvimwe zvinobatsira. 4. Astana International Financial Center (aifc.kz): Yakagadzirwa kuti igadzirise Astana senzvimbo yezvemari yepasi rose inobatanidza Asia neEurope uye kubatsira kusiyanisa hupfumi hwenyika kupfuura kuvimba neoiri; iyi chikuva inopa mikana yakawanda kune vanoisa mari vanofarira muzvikamu zvine chekuita nezvemari. 5. Bazi rezvekutengeserana nekubatanidzwa (miti.gov.kz/sn): Bazi reHurumende rinoona nezvekuumba mitemo yekutengeserana, kufambisa mabasa ekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika uku richichengetedza zvido zvemaindasitiri emunyika kuburikidza nemitemo yakasiyana-siyana; inobatsira vatengesi vane ruzivo rwakakodzera pamusoro pemitemo / zvigadziro maererano nekutengesa / kunze kwenyika. 6. Atameken Union (atameken.org/en): Sangano rakanangana nekusimudzirwa kweSME muKazakhstan nekupa masevhisi ekuraira ane chekuita nebhizimusi muzvikamu zvakawanda: zvekurima & maindasitiri ekugadzira chikafu ari pakati pawo; webhusaiti ine zvakawanda zviwanikwa / zvishandiso zvinobatsira kune varidzi vebhizinesi / vatengesi zvakafanana. 7. KAZAKHSTAN Industrialization Mepu 2025 (industrializationmap2015.com): Iyi puratifomu inotsanangura nzvimbo dzakakosha dzakaonekwa nehurumende sechikamu chehurongwa hwayo hwekuvandudza maindasitiri kusvika 2025; inopa ruzivo pamapurojekiti ekudyara, nzvimbo, uye zvinokurudzira kukwezva vanoisa mari. Aya mawebhusaiti anopa huwandu hwakakwana hweruzivo uye zviwanikwa zvine chekuita nemikana yekudyara, marongero ekutengeserana, ruzivo rwemusika, uye mitemo yebhizinesi muKazakhstan. Zvinokurudzirwa kuongorora chikuva chega chega zvichienderana nezvido kana zvikamu zvekufarira kune ruzivo rwakakosha.

Trade data query mawebhusaiti

Kune akati wandei ekutengeserana data query mawebhusaiti anowanikwa kuKazakhstan. Heano mashoma acho pamwe nemakero avo ewebhusaiti: 1. Kazakhstan National Trade Repository (CNTR): Nzvimbo iyi yepawebhusaiti yepamutemo inopa huwandu hwakakwana hwekutengeserana uye ruzivo nezve kunze kwenyika, kunze kwenyika, tariff, uye mirau. Iyo inotungamirwa neiyo Ministry of Trade and Integration. Webhusaiti: http://www.cntr.kz 2. World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) - Kazakhstan: WITS chirongwa cheWorld Bank chinopa mukana kunhamba dzekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika uye data yemitengo yakasarudzika. Dhatabhesi ravo rinosanganisira ruzivo rwakadzama pamusoro pezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, kunze kwenyika, vanotengeserana navo, nezvimwe. Webhusaiti: https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/KAZ 3. GlobalTrade.net - Kazakhstan Import-Export portal: GlobalTrade.net ipuratifomu yepamhepo inobatsira makambani mukutsvaga mikana yebhizinesi repasi rese. Iyo portal inopa zviwanikwa zvinobatsira pane ekunze-kunze mirau, mishumo yekutsvagisa musika, zviitiko zvekutengesa, uye indasitiri-yakanangana nemabatiro. Webhusaiti: www.globaltrade.net/expert-guides/country-profile/Kazakhstan/Market-Access 4. Kutengeserana Economics - Kazakhstan Trade Balance: Iyi webhusaiti inotarisa pakupa zviratidzo zvehupfumi kubva kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana kusanganisira dhata rekutengeserana kweKazakhstan zvakare. Inobvumira vashandisi kuongorora mamiriro ezvakaitika kare pamwe nekuongorora fungidziro yezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika uye kunze kwenyika. Webhusaiti: https://tradingeconomics.com/kazakhstan/balance-of-trade Aya mawebhusaiti anogona kukubatsira iwe kuwana ruzivo rwakadzama nezve kutengeserana kweKazakhstan senge vadyi vepamusoro vekutengesa, zvinhu zvikuru zvekutengesa kunze kwenyika, mutero unoiswa pane chaiwo zvigadzirwa kana zvikamu, pamwe nehuwandu hwese hwekutengesa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti kuwanikwa kwedata kunogona kusiana pamapuratifomu aya nekuda kweakasiyana miyero yekubika kana kuwanda kwezvigadziriso zvinopihwa neakasiyana masosi. Naizvozvo zvinokurudzirwa kuyambuka-referensi akawanda masosi uchiitisa chero tsvakiridzo ine chekuita nekutengeserana kwenyika muKazakhstan

B2b mapuratifomu

Kazakhstan inyika iri muCentral Asia uye ine akati wandei B2B mapuratifomu anobatsira kune akasiyana maindasitiri. Heano mamwe ane mukurumbira eB2B mapuratifomu muKazakhstan pamwe nemakero avo ewebhusaiti: 1. Alibaba: Iyi yepasi rose yeB2B platform inobatanidza vatengi nevashambadziri kubva kumabhizimisi akasiyana-siyana pasi rose, kusanganisira makambani anoshanda muKazakhstan. Webhusaiti: www.alibaba.com 2. TradeKey: TradeKey musika wepamhepo wepasi rose weB2B unofambisa kutengeserana pakati pevanotengesa kunze nevanotenga kunze kwenyika pasi rese, kusanganisira mabhizimisi muKazakhstan. Webhusaiti: www.tradekey.com 3. EC21: Chikuva ichi chinopa huwandu hwakakura hwezvigadzirwa nemasevhisi kune vatengi nevatengesi pasi rose, kubatanidza mabhizinesi ari kushanda muKazakhstan nevanogona kudyidzana navo pasi rese. Webhusaiti: www.ec21.com 4. Global Sources: Global Sources inopa huwandu hwakakwana hwekutsvaga mhinduro kuburikidza nemusika wayo wepamhepo, kufambisa kutengeserana pakati pevatengi nevatengesi pasi rose, kusanganisira avo vanogara muKazakhstan. Webhusaiti: www.globalsources.com 5. Made-in-China.com: Seimwe yeChina inotungamira B2B platforms, Made-in-China.com inobatanidza makambani eKazakhstani nevashambadziri vanobva kuChina mumaindasitiri akawanda. Webhusaiti: www.made-in-china.com 6. HKTDC (Hong Kong Trade Development Council): HKTDC inogadzira online bhizinesi-kune-bhizinesi sourcing platform inobatanidza vatengesi veKazakhstani kune vatengesi vemhando yepamusoro vanobva kuHong Kong nemamwe matunhu pasi rese. Webhusaiti: www.hktdc.com 7. ECVV (Made-in-China): ECVV imwe yakakurumbira yeChinese B2B platform inopa mabasa ekutengeserana pasi rose kumakambani ari munyika dzakadai seKazakhstan. Webhusaiti: en.ecvv.co.kr. 8.MachineryZone – 专注于工程、建筑和农业行业的平台。链接：www.machineryzone.cn/ 7的网址可能会有变化，请查证后使用.
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